Objective To discuss the treatment of dopamine extravasation-induced injury by lidocaine combining dexamethasone. Methods Animal models of dopamine extravasation-induced injury were made using 24 limbs of 6 white mice. These models were divided into 4 groups and given different treatments. Group A was treated with lidocaine combining dexamethasone, group B with lidocaine, group C with normal saline and group D was set as control. The treatment effect was observed. Results The disappearance time of edema in group A was the shortest among the 4 groups and was significantly shorter than that of group C,P＜0.05.Moreover, the pathological changes degree of local tissues in group A were also obviously lower than those of group B,C and D. Conclusion Measures must be taken timely to cope with dopamine extravasation-induced injury. Treatment with lidocaine combining dexamethasone proved to be a prompt, simple and safe method.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of Ginkgo biloba Tablet (GbT) on scavenger receptor A (SRA) of the aortic wall and changes of serum inflammatory factors in atherosclerotic rats, and to explore its new mechanism for fighting against atherosclerosis (AS).

METHODSTotally 45 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the GbT group, 15 rats in each group. Levels of blood glucose, blood lipids, blood calcium, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (slCAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured in all rats. The expression of SRA in the aortic wall of atherosclerotic rats was observed by immunohistochemical assay. The correlation between the expression of SRA and levels of in-flammatory factors was also observed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, blood glucose and blood calcium obviously increased (P < 0.05); levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C were significantly elevated (P < 0.01); neointimal areas were significantly thickened, increased intima percentage was significantly enlarged, narrowed lumen index was significantly reduced; levels of CRP, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 were significantly elevated in the model group (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, blood glucose and blood calcium obviously decreased (P < 0.05); levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the GbT group. Aortic lumens were obviously narrower in the model group than in the GbT group (P < 0.05). SRA expressed at the aortic wall. The aforesaid 3 indices were significantly improved in the GbT group than in the model group (P < 0.01). Serum levels of CRP, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 were significantly decreased in the GbT group than in the model group (P < 0.01). Serum levels of CRP, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 were positively correlated with the percentage of SRA positive expression area (r = 0.701, 0.604, 0.581, all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSSerum levels of inflammatory factors in atherosclerotic rats were elevated, and the expression of SRA in the aortic wall was enhanced. The expression of SRA was closely correlated with serum levels of inflammatory factors. GbT could decrease serum levels of inflammatory factors and inhibit the expression of SRA.

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Atherosclerosis ; drug therapy ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Calcium ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Scavenger Receptors, Class A ; metabolism ; Tablets ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; blood

Objective To study the expression of plasma membrane Ca2 + -ATPase isoforms 1 -4 and the splice variants at sites A and C in the neonatal rat vestibular organ.Methods Ten rats at postnatal 2 days (P2 ) were decapitated and their vestibular organs (macula utriculi and macula sacculi)were isolated.The total proteins of the vestibular organs were extracted.The expression of PMCA1-4 splice variants at sites A and C was detected by RT-PCR.Results The splice variants of PMCA1-4 at sites A and C in macula utriculi and macula sacculi of neo-natal rat vestibular organs were PMCA1x/b,PMCA2w/(a,b),PMCA3z/(a,b,c)and PMCA4 (x,z)/b.Conclusion The splice variants at sites A and C among PMCA1,PMCA2,PMCA3 and PMCA4 were different in the vestibu-lar organs of neonatal rats,which could be explained that macula utriculi and macula sacculi had different require-ments of Ca2 + turning for these PMCA isoforms.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods A total of 1 371 adult patients diagnosed AMI in the First People's Hospital of Changzhou from January 2008 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.AKI was defined according to the 2012 KDIGO AKI criteria.Based on the occurrence of AKI,the patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group.According to the AKI timing,the patients were divided into subgroups including conservative treatment groups,coronary angiography (CAG) groups and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) groups,respectively.Related risk factors of AKI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results Of the 1 371 patients,410(29.9％) developed AKI.Compared to the non-AKI group,in-hospital mortality increased significantly in the AKI group (17.1％ vs 3.9％,x2=68.0,P ＜ 0.001).Multifactor retrospective analysis showed that decreased baseline eGFR (OR=2.049,95％ CI:1.246-3.370),increased fasting plasma glucose(FPG) (OR=1.070,95％CI:1.018-1.124),diuretics (OR=1.867,95％CI:1.220-2.856) and Killip class 4 status (OR=1.362,95％ CI:1.059-3.170) were all independent risk factors of AKI,while increased DBP on admission was a protective factor (OR=0.986,95％ CI:0.974-0.998) for the conservative management group.Decreased baseline eGFR (OR=2.371,95％CI:1.500-3.747),increased FPG(OR=1.009,95％CI:1.005-1.012),diuretics (OR=1.674,95％CI:1.042-2.690),intraoperative hypotension (OR=2.276,95％ CI:1.324-3.575) and acute infection (OR=1.678,95％CI:1.023-2.754) were independent risk factors of AKI for the CAG group.Decreased baseline eGFR (OR=2.246,95％CI:1.340-3.981),increased FPG (OR=1.059,95％CI:1.018-1.124),diuretics (OR=1.723,95％CI:1.122-2.650),and low cardiac output syndrome after operation (OR=2.331,95％ CI:1.277-3.286) were independent risk factors of AKI for CABG group.Conclusions AKI is a common complication and associated with increased mortality after AMI.Decreased baseline renal function,increased FPG and diuretics were common independent risk factors of AKI after AMI.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; genetics ; surgery ; Adult ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; surgery ; virology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Genes, myc ; HIV ; isolation & purification ; HIV Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, AIDS-Related ; drug therapy ; genetics ; surgery ; virology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Sarcoma, Myeloid ; pathology ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of cerebral state index (CSI) as an indicator of anesthesia depth in patients in the induction of anesthesia with target-controlled infusion of propofol. METHODS: Forty ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I approximately II patients scheduled for an operation under general anesthesia were anesthetized with target-controlled infusion of propofol. Target plasma concentration was 0. 5 mg/L at the beginning, and increased by 0. 5 mg/L every 5 minutes, till 5 minutes after the level of MOAA/S (modified observer's assessment of alertness/sedation) was 0. The CSI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), MOAA/S level, and the effect-site concentration of propofol were recorded. RESULTS: (1) CSI values declined with the decrease of MOAA/S levels. CSI values were statistically different between level 0 and 1, level 1 and 2, level 3 and 4, level 4 and 5 of MOAA/S (P < 0.05). The difference of MAP had statistical significance between level 3 and level 2 of MOAA/S (P < 0.05). HR values had no statistical difference between the two levels of MOAA/S (P > 0.05). (2) The spearman rank correlation co-efficients between CSI, MAP, HR and the level of MOAA/S were 0.929, 0.421, and 0.085, respectively. The prediction probabilities (Pk) to differentiate different levels of MOAA/S for CSI, MAP, and HR were 0.94, 0.67, and 0.54, respectively. (3) There was linear regression relationship between CSI and the effect-site concentration of propofol (the coefficient of determination R2 was 0. 833, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION During the induction of patients with target-controlled infusion of propofol, the CSI is accurate as an indicator of awakeness and different levels of consciousness after anesthesia, and can reliably predict the anesthesia depth.
Adjuvants, Anesthesia ; Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods ; Propofol

This paper has briefly analyzed the publication status of Chinese stomatology papers in 2009 with statistics from Journal Citation Reports provided by Thomson Scientific. Only those papers with the first author coming from the mainland of China were included for calculations. We have found a significant increase in the number of SCIE-indexed papers, most of which were published by six dental institutions in China. Among all Chinese medical institutions, West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University is the first dental institution to enter the top-20 list with the most publications, and it also ranks the 9th in the number of outstanding articles. West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University and the Forth Military Medical University are the only two dental institutions in China which have published SCIE-indexed papers over a hundred. The former has published the most SCIE-indexed stomatology papers, while the latter has the highest average impact factor. As the laboratories and funds in China have close connections with various dental hospitals, the pratice of translational medicine in dentistry is fast and fluent.
China ; Dentistry ; Humans ; Journal Impact Factor ; Periodicals as Topic ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To investigate the expression of micro RNA-146a (miR-146a),TNF receptorassociated factor 6 (TRAF6) gene and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) gene in the peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and their relationship with the disease activity.The role of miR-146a,TRAF6,IRAK1 in the pathogenesis of AS was explored.Methods Expression of miR-146a,TRAF-6 and IRAK-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was studied using realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 45 AS patients and 22 healthy controls.The indicators of disease activity adopted in this study were Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP) level,and immunoglobulin (Ig).The relationship was analyzed in AS patients between the relative expression levels miR-146a,TRAF6,IRAK1 and BASDAI,ESR,CRP,Ig concentration.Non-parametric test,t test,One-way ANOVA,Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results ①The relative expression level of miR-146a which was observed in PBMCs of AS patients was significantly higher than that in normal control group [1.46(0.39,4.79)and 0.81(0.17,1.90),P＜0.05].The expression of miR-146a was significantly higher in active AS patients group than that in inactive patients [2.93(0.95,7.95) and 0.54(0.28,1.69),P＜0.05],there was no difference between the treatment group and without treatment group [1.28(0.31,2.37) and 2.22(0.49,7.71),P＞0.05].② There was significant difference in the relative expression level of IRAK-1 between AS patients and the normal control group.IRAK1 was significantly higher in AS patients than that in normal control group (1.4±0.7,1.1±0.4,P＜0.05).However,there was not difference between active AS patients group and inactive patients group as well as treated group and untreated group (1.5±0.9,1.4±0.5; 1.6±0.7,1.3±0.7,P＞0.05).③ TRAF6 expression was obviously lower in AS patients than that in normal control group (1.3±0.6,1.7±0.8,P＜0.05),and that was also significantly lower in the untreated group and active group than that in the normal control group (1.1±0.7,1.7±0.8; 1.1±0.5,1.7±0.8,P＜0.05).④ Signi-ficant positive correlation was observed between the miR-146a level and BASDAI,as well as duration of morning stiffness (r=0.557,P=0.000; r=0.363,P=0.018).The expression level of IRAK1 was significantly negative correlated with IgM (r=-0.313,P=0.046).Conclusion ① miR-146a expression is up-regulated in patients with AS,and it may be a potential useful marker for disease activity in AS patients; ② The abnormal expression of IRAK1,TRAF6 in AS patients may play a role in the pathogenesis of AS.

OBJECTIVETo study the microanatomy of the perforating arteries in the superior space of the internal carotid artery visualized through a pterional approach.

METHODSTwelve (24 sides) perfused cadaver heads were dissected via the pterional approach, and the perforating arteries in the superior space of the internal carotid artery were studied under microscope. The diameter, course and distribution in the anterior perforated substance of the perforating arteries were recorded.

RESULTSAll the perforating arteries exposed lied on the side of the brain tissue. The carotid bifurcation on 8 sides had perforating arteries, and 11 sides showed medial lenticulostriate artery of the middle cerebral arteries, with short course and overlapped with another perforating arteries upon entry into the anterior perforated substance. On 4 sides, the medial lenticulostriate artery coincided with the perforating arteries in A1. All 24 sides showed middle lenticulostriate artery and lateral lenticulostriate artery of the middle cerebral arteries. Most of the lenticulostriate arteries originated from the anterior segment of the bifurcation of the middle cerebral arteries. The earlier bifurcation occurred in M1 of the middle cerebral arteries, the more perforating arteries originated. On 22 sides, the anterior cerebral arteries had perforating arteries with many branches, and fewer perforating arteries in a main artery were associated with greater diameter of them.

CONCLUSIONThe superior space of the internal carotid artery allows a space for operation, and in some cases, part of the medial leticulostriate arteries and A1 perforating arteries can be severed to obtain larger space for the operation.

Brain ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; surgery ; Cadaver ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Neuroanatomy ; methods

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of Kaschin-Beck disease in Shandong province, and to provide a scientific basis for decision-making in controlling the disease. Methods According to the National Monitoring Program of Kaschin-Beck disease requirements, historical serious villages of Kaschin-Beck disease in Qingzhou of Shandong province were selected annually; children aged 7 to 16 were chosen to receive clinical examination and children aged 7 to 12 were taken X-ray examination. Clinical and X-ray diagnosis was carried out according to the Diagnostic Criteria of Kashin Beck Disease(GB 16003-1995). Results From 1996 to 2010, in 53 diseased villages, three thousand three hundred and eighteen school children aged 7 to 16 were clinically diagnosed, and child Kaschin-Beck disease of degree Ⅰ and above were not detected; three thousand and ninety-one school children aged 7 to 12 were examined by X-ray, forty cases were found positive, and the total positive rate was 1.29％(40/3091 ). The year with the highest positive rate was 2002, and the rate was 3.49％(13/372) ; the positive rate was 0 in 1996 and 2008. The difference of the X-ray positive rate between each year was statistically significant(x2 =31.54, P ＜ 0.01 ). ConclusionsChild Kashin-Beck disease in Qingzhou is basically under control.Since etiology of Kashin-Beck disease is still unclear, surveillance of the disease still needs to be strengthened.