Objective To study the outcomes of two intervention strategies on the language development of young children with hearing loss greater than moderate degree by universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) system.Methods Infants and young children,born from Jan 2002 to Dec 2007 in Shanghai and failed UNHS,were included in this study.They received audiometric evaluations at the Shanghai Children's Hearing and Speech Center.Among those diagnosed with hearing loss greater than moderate degrees,65 were intervened at 6 months and followed up subsequently.According to hearing loss degree and intervention strategies,20 of 65 were included in the hearing aid group(M_(HA)),19 was in the severe hearing aid group(S_(HA)),9 in the profound hearing aid group(P_(HA)),and 17 in the profound cochlear implamation group(P_(CI)).Other 36 were not intervened at 6 months old but followed up also.The control group was 36 normal hearing young children.The hearing losse and speech development were analyzed for statistical study.Results Between the group without intervention and the control group,between the group intervened and without intervention,statistically significant differences were noted (P＜0.05) in the average hearing threshold and the developmental scores.Between the control group and anyone group among M_(HA),S_(HA) and P_(CI),no statistically significant differences (P＞0.05) were noted in the developmental scores.For the same hearing level between the group P_(HA) and P_(CI),statistically significant differences (P＜0.05) were noted in the developmental scores.The developmental scores of P_(HA) was lower than that of P_(CI).Conclusion Early intervention is effective for infants and young children with hearing loss greater than moderate degree.Their speech development is noticeably faster than that of those without any intervention.According to hearing loss degree,it was very important for acquiring the best speech development that selected the most proper intervention mode.

Functional analysis concisely summarizes and concentrates on the therapeutic characteristics and features of Chinese herbal medicine. Standardization of the terms for Chinese herbal functions not only plays a key role in modern research and development of Chinese herbal medicine, but also has far-reaching clinical applications. In this paper, a new method for standardizing the terms for Chinese herbal function was proposed. Firstly, functional targets were collected. Secondly, the pathological conditions and the mode of action of every functional target were determined by analyzing the references. Thirdly, the relationships between the pathological condition and the mode of action were determined based on Chinese medicine theory and data. This three-step approach allows for standardization of the terms for Chinese herbal functions. Promoting the standardization of Chinese medicine terms will benefit the overall clinical application of Chinese herbal medicine.

Objective To investigate the effect of intra-articular carboxymethylated ehitosan(CM- CTS)injection on inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)expression in cartilage at the early stage of os- teoarthfitis(OA).Methods Thirty-two white rabbits were underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)and were randomly divided into 4 groups 5 weeks after transection.Rabbits of group A re- ceived 0.3 ml of 2% high molecular weight CMCTS(H-CMCTS)once every two weeks.Rabbits in group B were treated using 2% low molecular weight(L-CMCTS)CMCTS at:the same intervals.Group C rabbits were injected intra-articularly with 0.3 ml of 1% sodium hyaluronate(Na-HA)once a week.Animals of group D were not injected.At sacrifice,11 weeks following surgery,the expression of iNOS in cartilages was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)methods.Results Both immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR showed that the level of iNOS expression of cartilage in CMCTS in- jection groups was lower than that in Na-HA injection group and the untreated group.There was no significant difference in iNOS expression between the two different molecular weight CMCTS injection groups. No signifi- cant difference of iNOS expression in cartilage was found between Na-HA injection group and the untreated group.Conclusion CMCTS suppresses iNOS expression in cartilage during the early stage of OA.Na-HA treatment has no effect on iNOS expression in cartilage.

Objective To study the imaging of inner ear malformations in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL).Methods CT and MRI examinations were performed on children with SNHL diagnosed by audiological test.One hundred and eighty-eight patients with complete imaging information were obtained.The imaging of inner ear malformations was analyzed according to Sennaroglu's classification. Results Thirty-five patients(54 ears) were found with inner ear malformations by CT and MRI,3 of whom(5 ears) were accompanied by outer and middle ear malformations.Among the 35 patients,2(4 ears) were found to be common cavity deformity,1(1 ear) cochlear hypoplasia,13(26 ears) incomplete partition II(Mondini deformity),4(7 ears) vestibule dilation,13(19 ears) semicircular canal deformity and 19(34 ears) large vestibular aqueduct.Internal auditory canal was found narrow in 7 patients(10 ears) and wide in 1(2 ears) with classic Mondini deformity. Conclusion CT and MRI examinations are of great importance to the diagnosis and treatment of inner ear malformations in children with congenital SNHL,especially for the candidates of cochlear implantation.

Aim at the two problems in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mechanism elucidation, one is the lack of detailed biological processes information, next is the low efficient in constructing network models, we constructed an auxiliary elucidation system for the TCM mechanism and realize the automatic establishment of biological network model. This study used the Entity Grammar Systems (EGS) as the theoretical framework, integrated the data of formulae, herbs, chemical components, targets of component, biological reactions, signaling pathways and disease related proteins, established the formal models, wrote the reasoning engine, constructed the auxiliary elucidation system for the TCM mechanism elucidation. The platform provides an automatic modeling method for biological network model of TCM mechanism. It would be benefit to perform the in-depth research on TCM theory of natures and combination and provides the scientific references for R&D of TCM.
Animals ; Automation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To explore the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) apoptosis pathway in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mechanism of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats.Methods The rats were randomly divided into con-trol group and model group,UUO group line ligation of the left ureter,three days 3,7 and 14 days HE and Masson staining were used to observe the renal pathological changes;Take blood retinal venous plexus,separat and determina-tion of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine;Western blot was used to find protein 78 (GRP78) glucose regula-tion,endoplasmic reticulum source sex transcription factor (CHOP) and apoptosis related proteins cysteine aspartic acid proteinase 3(caspase-3) and caspase-12 protein expression. Results Compared with control group,the visible UUO model group 1) expansion of renal tubule and renal interstitial fibrosis degree with the extension of ureteral ob-struction time and progressive increase;2) GRP78,CHOP,caspase-3 and caspase-12 protein expression in postoper-ative 3 d have to rise,as the obstruction prolonged,the protein expression more significantly(P<0.01).Conclusions Endoplasmic reticulum stress related trademark protein in UUO rat renal interstitial fibrosis is the increase in expres-sion may promote the early renal interstitial fibrosis and continuous progress.

Objective To explore the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) apoptosis pathway in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mechanism of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats.Methods The rats were randomly divided into con-trol group and model group,UUO group line ligation of the left ureter,three days 3,7 and 14 days HE and Masson staining were used to observe the renal pathological changes;Take blood retinal venous plexus,separat and determina-tion of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine;Western blot was used to find protein 78 (GRP78) glucose regula-tion,endoplasmic reticulum source sex transcription factor (CHOP) and apoptosis related proteins cysteine aspartic acid proteinase 3(caspase-3) and caspase-12 protein expression. Results Compared with control group,the visible UUO model group 1) expansion of renal tubule and renal interstitial fibrosis degree with the extension of ureteral ob-struction time and progressive increase;2) GRP78,CHOP,caspase-3 and caspase-12 protein expression in postoper-ative 3 d have to rise,as the obstruction prolonged,the protein expression more significantly(P<0.01).Conclusions Endoplasmic reticulum stress related trademark protein in UUO rat renal interstitial fibrosis is the increase in expres-sion may promote the early renal interstitial fibrosis and continuous progress.

AIM:To investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning ( IPC) on autophagy induced by focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion ( I/R) in rats.METHODS:Healthy male SD rats were assigned randomly into sham-opera-tion (sham) group, I/R group and IPC group with 10 rats in each group.The rats in sham group were only exposed the right common , internal and external carotid artery surgically .The rats in I/R group were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by the modified Longa suture method for 2 h followed by 24 h of reperfusion.The rats in IPC group were subjected to MCAO for 2 h followed by reperfusion of the ipsilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 10 s for 5 episodes, and then reperfusion for 24 h.Autophagy was obeserved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The pro-tein levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR and microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II in brain tissue of the rats were determined by Western blot .Pathological changes of brain tissue were observed by HE staining.RESULTS:The protein levels of mTOR and p-mTOR in IPC group were significantly higher than those in I/R group (P<0.05).The expression of LC3-II in IPC group was significantly lower than that in I/R group (P<0.01).The cerebral infarction area and brain water content in IPC group were significantly lower than those in I /R group (P<0.01). HE staining showed that neurons degeneration and necrosis in IPC group were significantly alleviated compared with I /R group.TEM observation showed that IPC revealed fewer autophagosomes , with much less severe cell damage than that in I/R group.CONCLUSION:IPC reduces brain ischemia reperfusion damage by decreasing autophagy of brain cells , which might be related to the activation of mTOR .

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of Kaschin-Beck disease in Shandong province, and to provide a scientific basis for decision-making in controlling the disease. Methods According to the National Monitoring Program of Kaschin-Beck disease requirements, historical serious villages of Kaschin-Beck disease in Qingzhou of Shandong province were selected annually; children aged 7 to 16 were chosen to receive clinical examination and children aged 7 to 12 were taken X-ray examination. Clinical and X-ray diagnosis was carried out according to the Diagnostic Criteria of Kashin Beck Disease(GB 16003-1995). Results From 1996 to 2010, in 53 diseased villages, three thousand three hundred and eighteen school children aged 7 to 16 were clinically diagnosed, and child Kaschin-Beck disease of degree Ⅰ and above were not detected; three thousand and ninety-one school children aged 7 to 12 were examined by X-ray, forty cases were found positive, and the total positive rate was 1.29％(40/3091 ). The year with the highest positive rate was 2002, and the rate was 3.49％(13/372) ; the positive rate was 0 in 1996 and 2008. The difference of the X-ray positive rate between each year was statistically significant(x2 =31.54, P ＜ 0.01 ). ConclusionsChild Kashin-Beck disease in Qingzhou is basically under control.Since etiology of Kashin-Beck disease is still unclear, surveillance of the disease still needs to be strengthened.

Objective To explore the management of endocrine disturbance related to Symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) in both pre- and post-operation, as well as the risk factors for the recurrence of RCCs after the operation. Methods The clinical manifestations, radiological and pathologic features, treatment, and surgical outcomes of 11 cases of symptomatic RCCs were reviewed retrospectively. Results Headache recovered in 100% of patients and visual disturbance improved in 83.3%, and Amenorrhea and/or galactorrhea recovered or improved in 66.7% of patients. However, diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism did not improve postoperatively. Transcranial surgery was performed in 6 patients and transsphenoidal surgery in 5 patients. No recurrence occurred in transcranial radical resected cases while 2 of 5 subtotally removed cases recurred with an average follow-up of 34.5 months. Inflammation was present in two of the recurrent cases. Conclusion RCCs is a rare pathology with a wide specctrum of clinical and radiological features. Accurate preoperative diagnosis can be difficult. Endocrine disturbance should be evaluated both pre- and post-operatively, and proper hormones replacement therapy is mandatory in these selected patients, Removing as much as possible and multiple biopsies around the cyst wall will be helpful in accurate diagnosis, especially of cases showing atypical pathologic findings, and special attention should be paid to follow-up examination.