OBJECTIVE To define the regularity of survival ability of HIV in natural environment,and prevent(infection) through contacting with positive body fluids during daily life or medical work.METHODS Having been diluted by sterile water or 10% serum RPMI 1640 medium,HIV was exposed to 4℃,room temperature(20-26℃) or 37℃ for different period of time.TCID_(50) of these samples was detected.Non-pathological samples were blind passaged for three generations.RESULTS HIV infective ability persisted more than 35 days both in(water) and medium at 4℃;whereas it persisted 7-14 days in water,14-21 days in medium at room temperature and 37℃.CONCLUSIONS HIV has higher resistance in natural environment.To prevent accidental spreading of HIV,HIV positive liquids and contaminants staffs should be treated carefully.

OBJECTIVETo isolate and elucidate the chemical constituents with the cytotoxicity activity from the rhizome of Actaea asiatica.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by repeated column chromatography (Toyopearl HW40C and preparative HPLC) and the structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectral data analysis.

RESULTA cycloartane triterpene saponin com- pound was isolated and identified to be (23R)-16beta, 23: 23alpha, 26: 24alpha: 25-triepoxy-9, 19-cyclolanost-7-en-3beta-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside.

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 was a new compound and named (23R)-26-deoxycimicifugoside. The IC50 values of compound 1 for cell growth inhibition of Hela and L929 cell lines were 72.24 and 55.97 mg x L(-1), respectively.

Actaea ; chemistry ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Mice ; Plant Structures ; chemistry ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of biejiajian pill (BP) on the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG2), and to primarily explore the mechanisms for fighting against metastasis and invasion.

METHODSUsing sero-pharmacological methods, HepG2 cells were respectively cultured by high and middle dose BP containing serums and the vehicle serum. Using MTT colorimetry, cell adhesion test, and Transwell invasion test, effects of BP on the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of HepG2 cells were detected, thus further exploring the mechanisms for fighting against the metastasis and invasion of HepG2 cells.

RESULTSHigh and middle dose BP containing serums could significantly prohibit the growth and proliferation, the adhesion and invasion of HepG2 cells on the basilar membrane. Besides, these effects were correlated with the concentrations of BP.

CONCLUSIONBP could effectively inhibit the growth and proliferation, adhesion and invasion of HepG2 cells.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Rats

Objective To explore the protective effect of gallic acid in Phyllanthus emblica on high glucose－induced apoptosis of pancreatic islet β cells, and to provide a reference for the discovery of natural compounds for the treatment of diabetes. Methods In vivo experimental model, wistar male rats were used as in vivo subjects and 50 mg/kg STZ was injected intraperitoneally. After the model was successfully established, 25 mg/kg of gallic acid was given orally, and the positive drug was Sitagliptin. After 4 weeks of administration, the blood was taken and the pancreas was removed for HE staining. Western blot was used to measure the expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP in pancreatic tissue in high sugar state. In vitro model, insulinoma cell line INS－1 cells were used as in vitro targets to establish high levels. In sugar－induced apoptosis model, INS－1 cells were cultured in glucose－free RPMI 1640 complete medium supplemented with 25 mmol/L glucose. Gallic acid was used as the test sample. Experiments were divided into normal controls, high－sugar models, and low, medium and high levels of gallic acid groups. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The mRNA expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP in INS－1 cells was detected by QPCR and Western blot, and the expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP protein was detected.Results (1) INS－1 cells were cultured in a medium with glucose concentration of 25mmol/L for 48h, and the apoptosis rate was increased compared with the control group (P＜0.01), indicating that the apoptosis model was established successfully under high glucose conditions. (2) 10, 5, and 2.5 μmol/L GA were used to treat the control group and the high glucose model group cells respectively. The survival rate of the control group did not change significantly (P＞0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP in INS－1 cells in the high glucose model group was significantly different (P＜0.05);the protein expression level was significantly downregulated after GA treatment, and there was a statistical difference (P＜0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expression of NLRP3 protein in INS－1 cells in the high glucose model group was statistically different (P＜0.01), and the protein expression level was significantly downregulated after GA treatment (P＜0.01) ; The protein expression level was up－regulated (P＜0.05);the protein expression level after GA treatment was significantly down－regulated (P＜0.05); (4) The expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP mRNA in INS－1 cells was increased in the high glucose model group compared with the control group (P＜0.01) ; The expression of protein was significantly down－regulated after GA treatment (P＜0.01) . Conclusion The cells were cultured for 48 h in glucose－free RPMI 1640 complete medium supplemented with 25 mmol/L glucose. GA has no effect on the proliferation of normal INS－1 cells. GA protects INS－1 cells from apoptosis under high glucose conditions. The mechanism may be related to GA down－regulation of NLRP3 and TXNIP gene expression.

Objective To evaluate the impact of Shenfushu granules on cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods Male institute of cancer research(ICR) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (0.9％ NaC1),Shenfushu group (Shenfushu granules 1 g · kg-1),cisplatin group(0.9％ NaC1 for 9 d and a single dose of cisplatin 20 mg · kg-1 was given by intraperitoneal injection on 7th day),Shenfushu + cisplatin group (Shenfushu granules 1 g · kg-1 gavage for 9 d and a single dose of cisplatin 20 mg · kg-1 was given by intraperitoneal injection on 7th day).Animals were euthanized 72 h following cisplatin dosing.Biochemical parametem including serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were analyzed by automatic biochemical analyzer.Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed inhistopathological examination.The peroxidative product malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected according to kits.Protein expressions of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2),hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1),quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1),multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) were measured in western blot analysis.Platinum contents in kidney were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method.Results The serum creatinine in cisplatin group and Shenfushu + cisplatin group were (12.14 ± 4.64),(7.60 ± 3.49) μmol · L-1;blood urea nitrogen were (34.12 ±9.48),(15.92 ±4.33) mmol · L-1;GSH-Px were (78.26 ±7.02),(95.87 ± 14.08) U· mg-1 protein;SOD were (8.85 ±3.99),(12.68 ±3.62) U · mg-1 protein,MDA were (6.96 ±2.25),(4.33 ± 1.50) nmol · mg-1 protein;platinum contents were (12.56 ± 1.30),(9.67 ± 0.97) ng · mg-1 tissue.Western blotting analysis revealed that Shenfushu granules enhanced expressions of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway and efflux transporter in cisplatin-exposed animals.Conclusion Shenfushu granules exhibited renal protective effects on cisplatin-induced renal impairment,possibly associated with its modulating on Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway and efflux transporters.

It is critical to generate marker gene free transgenic plants for retransformating or eliminating the potential harmfulness of marker gene and its product. In this study, Ac/Ds transposon system was developed for removal of hpt selection marker gene to obtain marker-free transgenic plants in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Ds element containing the interesting gene bar was constructed next to the selection marker gene hpt to get Ds-T-DNA. Rice plants were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 containing Ac-T-DNA and Ds-T-DNA respectively. Rice plant containing single copy Ac-T-DNA was crossed with plant containing single copy Ds-T-DNA to obtain the F1 plant containing both Ac and Ds elements. F1 plant was self-crossed to produce F2 progeny in which T-DNA insert and transposed Ds element segregated independently. Two plants contained Ds element but no hpt marker gene in total 100 F2 plants. The result indicated that Ac/Ds transposon system could be used as a vector system for generating marker gene free transgenic plants in rice.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; genetics ; Blotting, Southern ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Transposable Elements ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Oryza ; genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transformation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features and surgical strategy for pediatric intractable epilepsy due to posterior quadrantic cortical dysplasia and to assess the surgical outcomes.

METHODSThe clinical features and preoperative evaluation results of 14 children with intractable epilepsy due to posterior quadrantic cortical dysplasia were retrospectively analyzed. The localization values of video-electroencephalography and intraoperative monitoring and the indications, advantages and disadvantages of temporoparietooccipital disconnection were evaluated.

RESULTSThe 14 children had different seizure types, of which spasm was the most common one. The lesions of cortical dysplasia involved the central cerebral region in 2 cases. After temporoparietooccipital disconnection in 14 patients, 13 cases were seizure-free; only one case still had seizures, but the frequency dropped by more than 50%.

CONCLUSIONSTemporoparietooccipital disconnection is a safe and effective surgical procedure for children with intractable epilepsy due to posterior quadrantic cortical dysplasia.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; complications

OBJECTIVETo explore the incidence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t(12;21).

METHODSt(12;21)/TEL-AML1 fusion gene was examined in bone marrow or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 51 newly diagnosed childhood ALL patients by conventional cytogenetic R-banding analysis (CCA), dual colour interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH), and nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSt(12; 21)/TEL-AML1 fusion gene was found in 11 cases by FISH or PCR, accounting for 21.6% and 26.9% in childhood ALLs and in non-T lineage ALL cases, respectively. The median age at diagnosis was 6.8 (2.9 to 12) years. All of the t(12;21) patients expressed non-T lineage immunophenotype, and most of them were common-ALL. High myeloid antigen coexpression was not found. In 11 CCA cases, normal karyotype was found in 7, and a dubious t(12;21) in one. TEL allele deletion was found in 8 (72.7%) of t(12;21) positive cases by FISH. By comparison, no statistic difference was found in sex, anemia, hemorrhage, organ enlargement, and initial WBC count between the positive and negative non-T lineage ALLs, but the platelet count and the frequency of IgH gene rearrangement were much lower in positive cases (P = 0.008 and 0.007, respectively). Moreover, no difference was found in overall CR rate, CR rate within 4 weeks, CR duration and relapse rate between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONt(12;21) was the most common chromosomal translocation in childhood ALL, but not all of them could be detected by CCA. t(12;21) cases showed non-T cell immunotypes, most of them were CD(10)(+) ALL. TEL allele deletion was common in these cases. There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics and short term outcome between the t(12;21) and the TEL-AML1 negative cases. In our data, Chinese t(12;21) ALL showed older in age, lower BPC, lower IgH rearrangement frequency and more of normal karyotype as compared with the reports abroad.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of functional chewing training (FuCT) on masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: A prospective study was performed for 48 children who were diagnosed with oral motor dysfunction from January 2019 to January 2020, and they were randomly divided into an FuCT group and an oral motor training group, with 24 children in each group. Both groups received FuCT or oral motor training for 12 weeks, and then they were evaluated in terms of the changes in the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling before treatment (P>0.05). After the 12-week training, the FuCT group showed significant improvements in the masticatory function and the severity of tongue thrust and drooling (P<0.05), but with no improvement in the frequency of drooling (P>0.05), while the oral motor training group had no improvements in the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling (P>0.05). After the 12-week training, the FuCT group had more significantly improvements in the severity of tongue thrust and the severity and frequency of drooling than the oral motor training group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS FuCT can effectively improve the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling in children with cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Humans ; Mastication ; Prospective Studies ; Sialorrhea

Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma(IPT-like FDCS)is a very rare malignant tumor that is considered to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus.Two patients in this report were generally healthy,and the spleen tumor was found during physical examination.After completing the examination,laparoscopic total splenectomy was performed,and the pathological result showed IPT-like FDCS.Postoperative chemoradiotherapy was not performed in either case.The disease has no characteristic clinical manifestations,and imaging overlaps with sarcoma.Microscopic manifestation showed CD21,CD23 and EBER positive spindle tumor cells in the inflammatory background with matted arrangement.Due to the interwoven distribution of tumor cells and lymphocytes,diagnosis is difficult.In this article,we report this two cases with literature review and summarize their clinical and pathological features to improve diagnostic cognition.