A solution with different Cu supply levels was cultured to investigate gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species. Increasing Cu from 0.25 to 500 micromol/L significantly enhanced levels of GABA and histidine (His), but considerably decreased levels of aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) in the leaves. The leaf Asp level negatively correlated with leaf Cu level, while leaf GABA level positively correlated with leaf Cu level. The leaf Glu level negatively correlated with leaf GABA level in Elsholtzia splendens. The depletion of leaf Glu may be related to the enhanced synthesis of leaf GABA under Cu stress.
Copper ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Lamiaceae ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal ; cytology ; Lead ; toxicity ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism

AlM: To study the effects of different concentrations of Coix seed oil on human retinal capillary endothelial cells ( HRCECs ) proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) expression in high glucose environment.
METHODS: HRCECs extracted from human fresher eyeball and cultured in vitro, and ultimately used in the experiment were the growth of 3rd ~ 4th cells, the experimental were divided into blank control group, low glucose control group, high glucose control group, high glucose + ( 50ü L/mL, 100ü L/mL, 200ü L/mL ) different concentrations Coix seed oil group. Detecting the multiplication of HRCECs by MTT, the immunocytochemical method was employed to detect the each group HRCECs of VEGF expression.
RESULTS:MTT assay results showed that: different concentrations of coix seed oil acted at HRCECs for 48h, inhibition of cell proliferation was significant difference compared with high glucose control group (P<0. 05). Within 48h showed concentration dependence. There was no statistical difference between the low glucose group and high glucose control group (P>0. 05). lmmunocytochemical assay showed that:50ü L/mL, 100ü L/mL, 200ü L/mL Coix seed oil acted at HRCECs 48h, the expression of VEGF decreased significantly compared with the high glucose control group ( P< 0. 05 ), and in a dose- dependent manner. However, in high glucose control group, the expression of VEGF was obvious higher than that of low glucose control group (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSlON:Coix seed oil can inhibit the HRCECs proliferation and suppress the VEGF expression in high glucose environment.

Objective - - To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of multi site work related musculoskeletal disorders （ ） Methods WMSDs in surgeons. A total of 102 surgeons from four hospitals were selected as study subjects by convenient sampling method. The Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of ， Results WMSDs in the past one year the related individuals and occupational factors. The total prevalence of WMSDs among （ ）， （ ） （ ） surgeons was 54.9%. The top three sites were neck 48.0% lower back 35.3% and shoulder 32.4% . The prevalence of （ vs ，P ） WMSDs in multiple sites was higher than that in a single site 43.1% 11.8% <0.01 . Multivariate logistic regression ， ， analysis showed that surgeons who smoked were tired at work and had a bent back had a higher risk of developing WMSDs ［ （ - ）， （ - ）， （ - ）， P ］ odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 3.66 1.41 9.46 8.33 2.15 32.20 and 18.74 2.14 166.77 all <0.01 Conclusion - after excluding the influence of confounding factors. The prevalence rate of multi site WMSDs among surgeons is ， high and the influencing factors include bad living habits and occupational factors such as working load and working posture.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes between pressure of trochlea of talus surface and distribution of area after anterior lower tibiofibular ligament rupture, and provide basis for treating anterior lower tibiofibular ligament rupture.

METHODSSix fresh adult ankle joint specimens (4 males and 2 females, ranging age from 25 to 60 years, with an average of 44.6 years) were adopted. The specimens were removed from skin and muscles, remained ankle joint capsule, medial and lateral ligaments and anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament. The ankle joint was fixed with a special fixture in neutral position. Pressure sensitive film (700 N axial load ) was respectively used to measure mean pressure, peak pressure and stress distribution area of the upper articular facet of talar trochlea of the normal ankle joint and the ankle joint with anterioinferior tibiofibular ligament rupture.

RESULTSThe stress distribution areas of the control group and the ruptured group were respectively (367.8 +/- 54.0) mm2 and (386.0 +/- 53.7) mm2; the mean pressures were respectively (1.40 +/- 0.12) MPa and (1.70 +/- 0.35) MPa; the peak pressures were respectively (2.60 +/- 0.33) MPa and (3.20 +/- 0.32) MPa. The experimental results showed that the change in stress distribution area after anterioinferior tibiofibular ligament rupture was not significant (t = 0.021, P = -0.983). When stress distribution changed, the region of stress concentration transferred to poster lateral,and mean pressure (t = 4.140, P = 0.020) and peak pressure (t = 3.169, P = 0.010) increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONWhen anterior lower tibiofibular ligament rupture occurs, mean pressure,peak pressure and stress distribution of pressure of trochlea of talus surface is changed, which may cause traumatic arthritis, and surgical treatment is considerably used to restore normal anatomy.

Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Fibula ; Humans ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; injuries ; Male ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Middle Aged ; Rupture ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tibia

The purpose of this study is to explore depression metabolic markers in rat hippocampus and to investigate the anti-depressant effect of genipin and its mechanisms using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was conducted to establish the depressive rat model. At the beginning of the third week, genipin low dose (25 mg x kg(-1)), middle dose (50 mg x kg(-1)), high dose (100 mg x kg(-1)), and venlafaxine (50 mg x kg(-1)) were given to the CUMS rats separately once daily for two weeks except control and model groups. Rat hippocampus was analyzed by 1H NMR based metabonomics after drug administration for 2 weeks. Significant differences in the metabolic profile of rat hippocampus of the CUMS treated group and the control group were observed with metabolic effects of CUMS including decreasing in glycine and N-acetylaspartate, increasing in inositol, glutamate, lactate, glutamine, taurine and alanine. Genipin showed ideal antidepressive effects at a dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) in rats, decrease of inositol, glutamate, lactate, alanine were observed, while glycine and N-acetylaspartate were increased. Important influence has been found on normal nervous system function of these significant changed metabolites, which suggests that the antidepressant effect of genipin may be played by enhancing the activity of neurons in hippocampus, repairing and improving the function of the neuron. The metabonomics approach is an effective tool for the investigation of the anti-depressant effect and pharmacologic mechanisms of genipin.
Alanine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Aspartic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Glycine ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Inositol ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

A solution with different Cu supply levels was cultured to investigate gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species. Increasing Cu from 0.25 to 500 ?mol/L significantly enhanced levels of GABA and histidine (His), but considerably decreased levels of aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) in the leaves. The leaf Asp level negatively correlated with leaf Cu level, while leaf GABA level positively correlated with leaf Cu level. The leaf Glu level negatively correlated with leaf GABA level in Elsholtzia splendens. The depletion of leaf Glu may be related to the enhanced synthesis ofleafGABA under Cu stress.

Copper accumulation and intracellular distribution in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species, was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and gradient centrifugation techniques.Copper concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of E. splendens increased with increasing Cu levels in solution. After exposure to 500 μmol/L Cu for 8 d, about 1000 mg/kg Cu were accumulated in the stem and 250 mg/kg Cu in the leaf of E. splendens. At 50μmol/L Cu, no significant toxicity was observed in the chloroplast and mitochondrion within its leaf cells, but separation appeared at the cytoplasm and the cell wall within the root cells. At ＞250 μmol/L Cu, both root and leaf organelles in E. splendens were damaged heavily by excessive Cu in vivo. Copper subcellular localization in the plant leaf after 8 days' exposure to 500 μmol/L Cu using gradient centrifugation techniques was found to be decreased in the order: chloroplast＞cell wall＞soluble fraction＞other organelles. The plant root cell wall was found to be the site of highest Cu localization. Increase of Cu exposure time from 8 d to 16d, increased slightly Cu concentration in cell wall fraction in roots and leaves, while that in the chloroplast fraction decreased in leaves of the plants grown in both 0.25 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L Cu. TEM confirmed that much more Cu localized in cell walls of E. splendens roots and leaves, but also more Cu localized in E. splendens' chloroplast when the plant is exposed to Cu levels＞250μmol/L, as compared to those in the plant grown in 0.25 μmol/L Cu. Copper treatment at levels＞250 μmol/L caused pronounced damage in the leaf chloroplast and root organelles. Copper localization in cell walls and chloroplasts could mainly account for the high detoxification of Cu in E. splendens.

Malnutrition is the common complication for patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms. Nutrition therapy is the key and first step, but there are some uncertain questions in the clinical practices. We will discuss some experiences on selecting nutrition plans for patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans ; Nutritional Support ; methods

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) in combination with short-term intensive insulin treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of dampness-heat syndrome and its influence on dosage of insulin used.

METHODSThe GQD group (n = 14) was treated by GQD and insulin, while the conventional group (n = 16) was given insulin intensive treatment alone.

RESULTSIn the GQD group, the treatment was markedly effective in 5 patients, effective in 6 and ineffective in 3, the total effective rate being 78.6%, much better than that in the conventional group (2, 7, 7 and 56.3% respectively, u = 2.58, P < 0.01). And it took less time for controlling blood glucose (BG) in the GQD group (4.54 +/- 0.50 days) than that in the conventional group (5.31 +/- 0.57 days, P <0.01); furthermore, by the end of the treatment course, as compared with that at the time just after BG being controlled, the daily average insulin dosage used in the GQD group reduced by 9.07 +/- 6.51 U, while it was only 4.38 +/- 5.94 U in the conventional group, showing significant difference between them (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBased on short-term insulin intensive treatment, the combined using of GQD could reduce the dosage of insulin used and shows better clinical curative effect for patients with T2DM of dampness-heat syndrome.

Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy