With the advantages of high throughput activity screening and toxicity evaluation, zebrafish has become popular model organism in pharmaceutical research in recent years. Being integrated advantages both in vivo and in vitro, with high efficiency and low cost, evaluation using zebrafish has become an effective method in quick screening of early safety of compounds on abroad. In past years, studies on toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with zebrafish model have attracted more attention in China. The development in drug toxicity studies based on zebrafish model was reviewed, and novel strategy for toxicity of TCM using zebrafish was suggested in the paper.

Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Platelet Activating Factor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect o f Bushen Huoxue Decoction (BHD) on neurobiochemical markers in the hippocampus of female rats with repeated immobilization stress.

METHODSSixty female rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the positive control group (treated with Liuwei Dihuang Pill at the dose of 3.3 g crude drug/kg), and the high, middle, and low BHD treated groups (at the dose of 8, 4, 2 g crude drug/kg), ten in each group. Chronic psychological stress was induced using repeated immobilization stress in rats. Medication was conducted by gastrogavage while modeling once a day for twenty successive days. The hippocampal neurohumoral levels were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression levels of BDNF and its receptor in the hippocampus were detected by Westem blot. Effect of BHD on neurobiochemical markers in the hippocampus of rats with repeated immobilization stress was observed.

RESULTSThe levels of Glu, GABA, and BDNF in the hippocampus of the normal group were 1280.0 +/- 258.3 ng/mg, 588.3 +/- 115.1 ng/mg, and 13.26 +/- 2.57 gray value, respectively. But the hippocampal neurohumoral levels and the expression of BDNF in the model group obviously decreased when compared with the normal group, being 1016.9 +/- 215.9 ng/mg, 485.1 +/- 71.0 ng/mg, and 7.23 +/- 0.61 gray value, respectively. The levels of Glu (ng/mg) in hippocampus of the three BHD treated groups were 1459.1 +/- 413.5, 1894.7 +/- 542.8, and 1373.3 +/- 345.7, respectively. GABA levels (ng/mg) inthe hippocampus were 631.6 +/- 161.4, 899.1 +/- 262.1, and 656.4 +/- 140.8, respectively. BDNF levels (gray value) were 16.57 +/- 1.52, 29.85 +/- 1.37, and 24.44 +/- 3.81, respectively, significantly higher than that of the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The level of Glu in the positive control group (1216.5 +/- 193.8 ng/mg) was significantly higher than that of model group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONBHD showed significant accommodation on the hippocampal neurohumoral levels and the expression of BDNF in the female rats with repeated immobilization stress.

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkB ; metabolism ; Restraint, Physical ; Stress, Psychological ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Manipulation, Spinal ; methods ; Middle Aged

[Objective]To investigate the etiology,clinical manifestation,treatment and prognosis of optic disc vas-culitis.[Method]Twenty-four eyes of 21 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study.Eye examinations,treatment, and effect were recorded.[Result]Six were male and 15 were female.The age was between 19 and 43 years old(average:28.7±1.6).85.7% of the patients referred to the clinic with mild to moderate decreased vision.Edema of the optic disc can be seen in both types while tortuous veins can also be found in type 2.Similar characteristics were noticed in OCT,FFA, and etc.With a follow-up of 4.52±0.98 months after treatment(prednisone:initial dose 1.0-1.2 mg/kg),the BCVA of the affected eyes improved significantly.[Conclusion]Optic disc vasculitis is affected by autoimmune disorder,infection,hy-perlipidemia,and etc.Edema of the optic disc with/without tortuous veins and retinal hemorrhage can be noticed.Similar diseases should be excluded in avoidance of misdiagnosis. Systemic examination and complete solution should be per-formed.Glucocorticoid helps to improve the visual function.The application of anti-VEGF is effective in secondary macu-lar edema.However,the long-term efficacy is awaiting being confirmed.

Objective To understand the status on care and nutrition of children living in the rural areas (so called 'left-behind' children) while their parents were seeking for jobs in the urban areas. Methods Cross-sectional study was employed in this investigation.The group of‘left-behind' children (n=774) and the comparison group (n=774) were identified.The ascertainment methods mainly included questionnaire,anthropometries measurements,food-frequency,and laboratory examination.Results be poorly attended (X2=6.671,P=0.036;X2=15.053,P=0.001 ).Mothers who chose to work outside of their households would tend to choose bottle-feeding or decrease the duration of breastfeeding for their infants (X2=5.051,P=0.031;t=-7.201,P=0.001).The intake of milk and bean products in children were obviously lower than that seen in the control group (t=-2.150,P=0.032 ;t=-2.054,significant difference when comparing with the control group (X2=4.560,P=0.033 ).Conclusion communities,parents and extended families would facilitate more attention and effective intervention programs to improve the situation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of multi-target treatment of multi glycosides of tripterygium wilfordii combined small dose of tacrolimus on idiopathic membranous nephropathy.Methods A total of 40 cases with idiopathic membranous nephropathy were selected in our hospital and were randomly divided into two groups, 20 cases in control and treatment group, respectively.Patients in treatment group were given tacrolimus 0.05 mg· kg-1 · d-1 for the first time, maintaining the blood drug concentration at 2 to 5 ng · mL-1 , at the same time, tripterygium wilfordii 60 mg· d -1 were additionally given.After 6 months, the dose of tripterygium wilfordii was gradually reduced or stopped.While patients in control group were only administrated with tacrolimus with the initial dose of 0.1 mg· kg -1 · d-1 , maintaining the blood drug concentration at 5 to 10 ng· mL-1.After 6 months, the using of tacrolimus began to re-duce to maintain the concentration at 2 to 5 ng· mL-1.The data of cura-tive effect, adverse reaction and the concentration of tacrolimus in two groups were observed in 12 months.Results Compared with before treatment, the data of 24 h urinary protein, serum albumin and triglyceride were significantly improved in two groups ( P<0.05).After 12 -month of treatment, the data of 24 h urinary protein and serum albumin were statistically different between two groups ( P<0.05).After 6 months follow-up, the complete remission rate was 55% in treat-ment group, significantly higher than 30%in control group ( P<0.05).After 12 months follow-up, the recurrence rate in treatment group (17%) was lower than that in control group (41%, P<0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups had no significant difference( P>0.05).Conclusion The multi-target treatment of small dose of tacrolimus combined tripterygium wilfordii for idiopathic membranous nephropathy has been confirmed with a faster onset, higher clinical remission rate, lower relapse rate, and patients are well tolerated.

Methods: The clinical data of 26 patients diagnosed with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation complicated by atlantodental bony obstruction were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, followed by posterior occipitocervical fusion. Details including surgical duration and blood loss volume were recorded. Radiographic data such as the anterior atlantodental interval, O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle, and clinical data including the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were assessed. The fusion time of the grafted bone and the development of complications were examined. Results: In patients undergoing anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, the surgical duration and blood loss volume were 120.1±16.4 minutes and 100.6±33.5 mL, respectively. The anterior atlantodental interval decreased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle increased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The JOA score during the latest follow-up significantly increased compared with that before the surgery (p <0.001). The improvement rate of the JOA score was 80.8%±18.1%. The fusion time of the grafted bone was 3–8 months, with an average of 5.7±1.5 months. In total, 11 patients presented with postoperative dysphagia and three with irritating cough. However, none of them exhibited other major complications. Conclusions Anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty can anatomically reduce the atlantoaxial joint with a satisfactory clinical outcome in patients with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with atlantodental bony obstruction.

Methods: The clinical data of 26 patients diagnosed with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation complicated by atlantodental bony obstruction were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, followed by posterior occipitocervical fusion. Details including surgical duration and blood loss volume were recorded. Radiographic data such as the anterior atlantodental interval, O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle, and clinical data including the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were assessed. The fusion time of the grafted bone and the development of complications were examined. Results: In patients undergoing anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, the surgical duration and blood loss volume were 120.1±16.4 minutes and 100.6±33.5 mL, respectively. The anterior atlantodental interval decreased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle increased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The JOA score during the latest follow-up significantly increased compared with that before the surgery (p <0.001). The improvement rate of the JOA score was 80.8%±18.1%. The fusion time of the grafted bone was 3–8 months, with an average of 5.7±1.5 months. In total, 11 patients presented with postoperative dysphagia and three with irritating cough. However, none of them exhibited other major complications. Conclusions Anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty can anatomically reduce the atlantoaxial joint with a satisfactory clinical outcome in patients with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with atlantodental bony obstruction.

Methods: The clinical data of 26 patients diagnosed with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation complicated by atlantodental bony obstruction were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, followed by posterior occipitocervical fusion. Details including surgical duration and blood loss volume were recorded. Radiographic data such as the anterior atlantodental interval, O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle, and clinical data including the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were assessed. The fusion time of the grafted bone and the development of complications were examined. Results: In patients undergoing anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty, the surgical duration and blood loss volume were 120.1±16.4 minutes and 100.6±33.5 mL, respectively. The anterior atlantodental interval decreased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The O–C2 angle, space available for the cord, clivus–canal angle, and cervical medullary angle increased significantly after the surgery (p <0.001). The JOA score during the latest follow-up significantly increased compared with that before the surgery (p <0.001). The improvement rate of the JOA score was 80.8%±18.1%. The fusion time of the grafted bone was 3–8 months, with an average of 5.7±1.5 months. In total, 11 patients presented with postoperative dysphagia and three with irritating cough. However, none of them exhibited other major complications. Conclusions Anterior retropharyngeal atlantodentoplasty can anatomically reduce the atlantoaxial joint with a satisfactory clinical outcome in patients with irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with atlantodental bony obstruction.