Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; methods ; Bronchoscopy ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyploidy ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEType 2 diabetes has been recently recognized as an important risk factor for cognitive decline of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). But the roles of hyperinsulinemia (HI) and insulin resistance (IR) in the development of AD are still controversial. This study was designed to evaluate whether HI or IR influenced the cognitive functions of older cohort.

METHODSThe cognitive functions of 328 consecutive elderly patients were evaluated with a battery of cognitive rating scales. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) were analyzed and IR was calculated with modified-Homa. The cognitive scores in different groups and the correlation of cognitive functions with HI or IR were analyzed.

RESULTSIn our study, there were 180 participants with HI and 148 without HI, and 192 with IR and 136 without IR. The participants with HI showed worse cognitive functions than those without HI in MMSE, MOCA, CDR, orientation, delayed memory, and attention/calculation domains. Similarly, the elderly with IR had lower cognitive scores than those without IR in MMSE, MOCA, CDR, GDS, orientation, delayed memory, and attention/calculation domains. The insulin levels and Homa IR had negative correlation with the scores of MMSE and delayed memory, not only in the model 1 adjusted for FBG and diabetes history, but also in the model 2 adjusted for all nine demographic characteristics.

CONCLUSIONHI and IR are important risk factors for cognitive decline of the elderly, especially for the dysfunctions in delayed memory domains.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; blood ; etiology ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; blood ; complications ; psychology ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Male

Objective To explore the outcome for kidney transplant recipients who suffered from cancers after transplantation. Methods De novo cancer data in 59 transplant recipients were collected. 6 cases of native renal cell carcinomas, 4 cases of native pelvo-ureteral carcinomas, 14 cases of bladder cancers, 7 cases of prostate cancers, 9 cases of hepatocellular carcinomas, 3 cases of gastric carcinomas, 2 cases of colon cancers, 1 case of pancreatic cancer, 4 cases of breast cancers, 3 cases of cervical cancers, 2 cases of skin cancers, 2 cases of non-small cell lung cancers, 1 case of thyroid cancer and 1 case of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. These data were compared with those from 59 patients in general population with the same gender, age and tumor stage. Results Overall incidence rate for de novo malignancy post-transplantation was 1. 9 % (59/3150). Urinary cancers were the most common. Compared to the general population, the overall survival was significantly worsened in transplant recipients (P<0. 01), and 5-year survival rate in transplantation group and control group was 30 % vs 75 0 %. Multivariate analyses demonstrated cancer stage to he a negative risk factor for survival of transplant recipients with de novo cancer, and surgery and functioning graft to be the positive survival predictors. Conclusion Transplant recipients experience worse outcomes than the general population for these cancers. These data suggest that cancers in transplant recipients are more aggressive biologically at the time of diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo find an ideal method inducing dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) osteogenic differentiation. To compare the effect of co-culture method and that of mineralizing culture medium.

METHODSDPSC were co-cultured with osteoblasts using cell culture inserts system as experiment group, and DPSC were cultured in mineralizing culture medium as control group. The cell morphology and ultrastructure and mineralized nodes were analyzed under phase contrast microscope, transmission electron microscope, and alizarin red S staning. Bone sialoprotein (BSP), Runx-2, osteocalcin, and collagen-1 (Col-1) osteoblastic genes expressions of DPSC cultivated in special niche of osteoblasts were assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe mineralization nudoles of experiment group were more than control group. Fifteen days later, BSP and Col-1 genes in the DPSC of co-cultures were 9.807 ± 1.135 and 2.913 ± 0.310, respectively. And those in the DPSC of mineralizing culture medium were 6.478 ± 0.781 and 1.703 ± 0.184, respectively. Co-cultures and mineralizing were significantly different (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAs osteoblasts can secret lots of osteogenic cell cytokines, they have more significant effect than mineralizing culture medium on osteogenesis of DPSC.

Cell Differentiation ; Coculture Techniques ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit ; metabolism ; Dental Pulp ; cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Osteocalcin ; metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure

AIM:To investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning ( IPC) on autophagy induced by focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion ( I/R) in rats.METHODS:Healthy male SD rats were assigned randomly into sham-opera-tion (sham) group, I/R group and IPC group with 10 rats in each group.The rats in sham group were only exposed the right common , internal and external carotid artery surgically .The rats in I/R group were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by the modified Longa suture method for 2 h followed by 24 h of reperfusion.The rats in IPC group were subjected to MCAO for 2 h followed by reperfusion of the ipsilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 10 s for 5 episodes, and then reperfusion for 24 h.Autophagy was obeserved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The pro-tein levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR and microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II in brain tissue of the rats were determined by Western blot .Pathological changes of brain tissue were observed by HE staining.RESULTS:The protein levels of mTOR and p-mTOR in IPC group were significantly higher than those in I/R group (P<0.05).The expression of LC3-II in IPC group was significantly lower than that in I/R group (P<0.01).The cerebral infarction area and brain water content in IPC group were significantly lower than those in I /R group (P<0.01). HE staining showed that neurons degeneration and necrosis in IPC group were significantly alleviated compared with I /R group.TEM observation showed that IPC revealed fewer autophagosomes , with much less severe cell damage than that in I/R group.CONCLUSION:IPC reduces brain ischemia reperfusion damage by decreasing autophagy of brain cells , which might be related to the activation of mTOR .

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effect of Dabuyin Wan on true precocious puberty of female rats and its possible mechanism.

METHODTwenty-two-day-old female SD rats were subcutaneously injected with 40 mg x kg(-1) N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid (NMA) at 14:00 and 16:00 every day; meanwhile, the rats were given Dabuyin Wan for intervention. Visual inspection was conducted for the time of vaginal opening. The first estrus was observed by yaginal smear test. Their ovaries and uterus were weighed to calculate organ coefficients. Conventional pathological slices were made to observe morphological changes in ovaries and uterus and calculate the thickness of uterine walls and the number of corpus luteums. The level of E2 in serum was detected to assess the therapeutic effect of Dabuyin Wan on NMA precocious puberty in rats. expressions of GnRH, GPR54 and Kiss-1 mRNA in hypothalamus were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR to investigate the possible mechanism of Dabuyin Wan.

RESULTDabuyin Wan at 3.24 g x kg(-1) and 1.62 g x kg(-1) significantly decreased the organ coefficients in rats with precocious puberty (P < 0.05), decrease the number of vaginal openings in rats (P < 0.01) and the thickness of uterine walls and the number of corpus luteums (P < 0.05), and notably down-regulated expressions of GnRH, GPR54 and Kiss-1 mRNA in hypothalamus (P < 0.05), without significant impact on E2 in serum.

CONCLUSIONDabuyin Wan may inhibit GnRH synthesis and release as well as startup of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis by down-regulating Kiss-1/GPR54 mRNA expression in hypothalamus, in order to realize the therapeutic effect on true precocious puberty.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Estrus ; drug effects ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; genetics ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Kisspeptins ; genetics ; Ovary ; drug effects ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; genetics ; Receptors, Kisspeptin-1 ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sexual Maturation ; drug effects ; genetics ; Time Factors ; Uterus ; drug effects ; Vagina ; drug effects

Danshen,an efficacious agent for cardiovascular diseases,has been found to play an essential role in kidney injury.In the present study,the effect of Danshen on cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction was investigated in a mouse model.Danshen was administered to mice at a dose of 3 g/kg 4 days before and 3 days after cisplatin treatment.A single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg cisplatin was used to induce nephrotoxicity.The mice were sacrificed 72 h after cisplatin intoxication.Biochemical parameters including serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were analyzed.Histopathological changes of kidney tissues were detected using HE staining.Antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px and SOD) and peroxidative product (MDA) were detected.Protein expressions of Nrf2 and its target genes including HO-1 and NQO1 were measured by Western blotting.The results showed that pretreatment with Danshen significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in the cisplatin-treated mice.Histopathological examination showed that Danshen mitigated the renal damage induced by cisplatin.Moreover,Danshen restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px and SOD) and normalized the MDA contents in renal tissues.Western blotting revealed that Danshen enhanced the expressions of Nrf2 and its target genes in cisplatin-exposed mice.It was suggested that Danshen protects against the cisplatin-induced renal impairment in the mice,which is potentially associated with the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway.

Objective:To establish a risk prediction model for neonatal asphyxia in cesarean section and test its application effect.Methods:This was a retrospective study. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 2 244 infants (modeling group) who were delivered by cesarean section in Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University from April 2021 to December 2021. Newborns were divided into asphyxia group ( n=176) and non-asphyxia group ( n=2 068) according to the occurrence of neonatal asphyxia. Logistic regression was used to screen the risk factors of neonatal asphyxia in cesarean section and a line chart model was established to predict the risk. Another 683 neonates were selected as validation group for external validation of the model from January to March in 2022. Results:Five factors including preterm birth, fetal distress, fetal growth restriction, abnormal S/D value of umbilical artery and umbilical cord around the neck were included in the prediction model. The area under ROC curve of the modeling group was 0.902, the Youden index was 0.687, the sensitivity was 0.837, and the specificity was 0.850. Hosmer-lemeshow test showed that χ2=1.79, and P=0.877. In the validation group, the area under ROC curve was 0.823, the Youden index was 0.555, the sensitivity was 0.835, and the specificity was 0.720. It showed that the model had a good fitting effect and identification validity. Conclusions:The risk prediction model has a good clinical application value in the prediction of neonatal asphyxia in cesarean section, and provides reference for obstetricians to take preventive management measures of neonatal asphyxia in time.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductases (MTHFR) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer susceptibility.

METHODSA case-control study of 126 patients and 343 healthy controls was conducted to investigate the roles of MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in colorectal cancer development. Genotypes of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain resction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods.

RESULTSThe frequencies of MTHFR 677T and 1298C allele were 39.7% and 17.1%, respectively. After adjustment for age and sex, the MTHFR 1298C alleles seemed to have reduced association on the risk of colorectal cancer comparing to wild types. Among those with 677T and 1298A alleles, a decreased risk of colorectal cancer was observed: a 4-fold decrease in colorectal cancer risk (OR = 0.552, 95% CI: 0.265 - 1.150) in those with 677T and 1298C alleles. Men who were ex-drinkers and with MTHFR 1298C allele had a 2-fold increase in risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 3.307, 95% CI: 0.521 - 17.698) while no increased risk was seen among those current-drinkers.

CONCLUSIONSThis study suggested that certain MTHFR C677T and A1298C might be associated with the risk of colorectal cancer development. The interaction between MTHFR 1298AC polymorphisms and ex-drinking might also serve as a risk factor of colorectal cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol Drinking ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo develop an analytical method for simultaneously qualitative and quantitative determination of melamine and triazine-related by-products including ammelide, ammeline, and cyanuric acid in milk and milk products by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).

METHODSMelamine and triazine-related by-products namely ammelide, ammeline and cyanuric acid in the samples were extracted in a solvent mixture of diethylamine, water, and acetonitrile (10:40:50, V/V/V). After centrifugation, an aliquot of the supernatant was evaporated to dryness under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas, and then melamine and triazine-related by-products were derivatized using BSTFA with 1% TMCS. The derivatives of melamine and its analogues were determined by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reactional monitoring (MRM) with 2, 6-Diamino-4-chloropyrimidine (DACP) being used as an internal standard.

RESULTSThe linear detectable ranges were from 0.004 mg/kg to 1.6 mg/kg for melamine, ammelide, ammeline, and cyanuric acid with a correlation coefficient no less than 0.999. The recovery rates of the four compounds in spiked blank milk powder at concentrations 0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg were between 61.4%-117.2%, and the relative standard deviation was no more than 11.5% (n=6). The detection limits of melamine, ammelide, ammeline and cyanuric acid in milk powder were 0.002 mg/kg with a ratio of signal to noise of 3.

CONCLUSIONThis GC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of melamine, ammelide, ammeline, and cyanuric acid in milk and milk products is sensitive and specific.

Animals ; Cattle ; Chromatography, Gas ; Flame Retardants ; analysis ; Food Contamination ; Milk ; chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Triazines ; chemistry