This study aim to reveal the total pharmacokinetics of rhein and chrysophanol after oral administration of Quyu Qingre granules (QUQRG) in normal and acute blood stasis rabbits, to identify the pharmacokinetics differences between two groups of rabbits and to evaluate the applicability of the total statistical moment analysis. Based on the concentrations of rhein and chrysophanol in plasma determined by an established HPLC method, and the calculation of main total pharmacokinetic parameters, this study found that total pharmacokinetic parameters VRT, value of blood stasis group is lager than that of normal group and the difference is significant Compared with normal group, total pharmacokinetic parameters AUC,, MRT,, t1/2t, and Vt value of blood stasis group is lager, while the k, and CL, value is smaller. The findings indicated that the absorbed and released time of rhein and chrysophanol was accelerated and the total absorptive amount of these two compounds was increased in rabbits with acute blood stasis, compared with the normal rabbits. Total quantity statistical moment analysis can combine the pharmacokinetics of rhein and chrysophanol and express the pharmacokinetic behavior of these two compounds in QUQRG. The parameters in this paper can provide reference frames for the follow-up development of QUQRG.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Anthraquinones ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Rabbits ; Statistics as Topic

Objective To study the prenatal genetic diagnostic methods for hemophilia A fetus.Methods From 2002 to 2006,19 hemophilia A families were diagnosed either by long distance-polymerase chain reaction(LD-PCR)for factor Ⅷ intron 22 inversion or by the DNA polymorphism genetic linkage analysis of factorⅧin the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital.Results (1)Totally 19 women,with 22pregnancies received the prenatal diagnosis of fetal hemophilia A.The average week at diagnosis was 23(17-34)weeks.All the direct fetal blood sampling(DFBS)were successful.There was no fetal-loss caused by the procedures.(2)Of the 19 hemophilia A families,14 appeared to be factorⅧintron 22inversion,in which 16 prenatal diagnoses were done,10 fetuses were diagnosed as genetical hemophilia A patients,and 6 fetuses were normal.(3)Using combined polymorphism genetic linkage analysis 6 prenatal diagnoses were done,including one woman's two pregnancies,in which both her fetuses were diagnosed as genetical hemophilia A patients.(4)Factor Ⅷ levels of 16 fetuses were measured,and 6 fetuses were unmeasured either because the pregnancy weeks were lower than 20 weeks or the parents refused.Factor Ⅷlevel ranged from 0 to 198%.There were 11 fetuses whose factor Ⅷ levels were lower than 10%.Ten of them were diagnosed to be genetical hemophilia A patients,and in only one boy the factorⅧlevel was 2%,but the genetic diagnosis was normal and for one year's follow up he was doing normal.Conclusion LDPCR combined with polymorphism genetic linkage analysis enables a quick and correct detection ofhemophilia A carrier.For a carrier pregnancy.prenatal diagnosis could be done for the male fetus.Factor Ⅷ deficiency of the fetus could help make the diagnosis but the final diagnosis should be based on genetic evidence.

Objective To study the effects of helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF)transfection on DNA repair protein level in radiation-induced apoptotic cells.Methods Human lung carcinoma A549 cells were cultured and transfected with FLAG-tagged wild type HLTF (wild type HLTF transfection group),RING structure domain (ubiquitin conjugating region) mutatation HLTF expressing plasmid (mutant transfection group),empty plasmid (congtrol group) respectively.And the other cells were used as mock transfection group.All cells were irradiated with 15 Gy of 60Co γ-rays to induce apoptosis.Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of the DNA repair proteins HRAD17 and HRAD52 in the transfected cells.Results The levels of HRAD17 and HRAD52 in the wild type HLTF transfection group was significantly lower than that of the control group.There was no significant difference in HRAD17 and HRAD52 levels between the mock transfection group and ubiquity in conjugating region mutation group.complexes of HLTF and HRAD17 and HRAD52 could be found in the irradiation-induced cells.Conclusions HLTF mediates the degradation of HRAD17 and HRAD52 in the irradiation-induced apoptotic cells possibly by the interaction of the protein complex causing ubiquitination of the repair proteins.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of vertebral pedicle screw fixation for lumbar fractures without nerve injury. Methods A total of 100 patients with vertebral fractures from February 2012 to December 2012 in our hospital were researched.According to the order of the patient admitted to the hospital,50 patients from February 2012 to June 2012 were divided into observation group,50 pa-tients from 2012 July to December 2012 were divided into control group.The observation group were treated with vertebral pedicle screw fixa-tion,the control group were treated with a four nail fixation.The therapy and complications between two groups were compared after treatment, and the satisfaction of two groups were investigated.Results There was no significant difference in vertebral anterior height compression rate and Cobb angle between two groups before treatment(t =0.356 9,t =0.633 6,P =0.721 9,P =0.527 8),but after a week of treatment,ver-tebral anterior height compression rate and Cobb angle in observation group was better than those of the control group,the difference was sta-tistically significant(t =2.705 7,t =2.840 2,P =0.008 0,P =0.005 5).After one-year follow-up,there was no significant difference in effi-cacy between two groups(t =0.914 7,t =0.464 6,P =0.362 6,P =0.643 2).The postoperative complication rate of observation group was 4%,compared with 16% of control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.000 0,P =0.045 5).The satisfaction rate of patient in observation group was 96%,compared with 84%of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (u =2.477 9,P =0.013 2). The fracturesof patients in two groups after 12 months were cured,without aggravating circumstances in nerve damage .Conclusion The ver-tebral pedicle screw fixation can effectively correct angular deformity,restore vertebral body height,strengthen the stability of the spine for treatment of patients with lumbar vertebrae without nerve injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of GRα, GRβ, GRγ, GRp and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients and their correlations with glucocorticoid resistance.

METHODSThe expressions of glucocorticoid receptors (GRα, GRβ, GRγ, GRp) mRNA and HSP90 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 40 newly diagnosed ITP patients and 29 healthy volunteers were examined by real time PCR. Of them, 28 patients received glucocorticoid (GC) therapy divided into GC sensitive group (GCS) and GC resistant group (GCR) according to GC response. GRα, GRβ, GRγ, GRp, HSP90 mRNA and HSP90/GRα were analyzed in paired groups.

RESULTSThe expression of HSP90 mRNA was significantly decreased in ITP patients \[0.91(0.48 - 2.21)\] than in normal subjects \[1.41(0.83 - 2.61)\] (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in mRNA expressions of GRα, GRβ, GRγ, GRp and HSP90/GRα between ITP patients and normal controls. The expression of GRα mRNA in GCS patients was significant higher than in GCR patients (P < 0.05). Moreover, no significant differences in mRNA expressions of GRβ, GRγ, GRp and HSP90 and the ratio of HSP90 to GRα were observed between GCS and GCR patients.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of HSP90 mRNA decreased in adult ITP patients. GC resistance in adult ITP patients was associated with reduced expression of GRα. The very low expression of GRβ mRNA may be not involved in GC resistance in adult ITP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; metabolism ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; metabolism ; Thrombocytopenia ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of endoscopic findings in Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP),especially when abdominal pain preceded the cutaneous lesions.Methods The clinical data and gastroscopic findings in 37 cases of children with HSP were studied and analysed retrospectively in order to detect the pathological changes in the stomach and duodenum mucosa.The biopsy was taken in the pathological changeing place,and the relationship between clinical and endoscopic findings was analyzed.Results Detection rate of the pathological changes in the stomach and duodenum mucosa was 62.2%,31.3% of which experienced only cutaneous lesions,100% of which presented the acute abdominal pain.Three patients were not checked up the pathological changes.Of them,1 had arthritis,2 had Henoch-Schonlein nephritis.Characteristically endoscopic findings in the stomach and duodenum mucosa were found.The endoscopic findings included anabrosis,hyperemia,edema and hemorrhage.Conclusions Detection rate of the pathological changes in the stomach and duodenum mucosa is higher.Endoscopy is very helpful to the early diagnosis of HSP in children,especially abdominal pain presented firstly.

To investigate the mechanism of agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis induced by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the fermentation liquor of L. theobromae was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). JAs were detected in the fermentation liquor. The effect of the fermentation liquor on the abundance of sesquiterpenes in the callus of A. sinensis was analyzed by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). And the fermentation liquor stimulated alpha-guaiene, alpha-humulene and delta-guaiene biosynthesis in calli. It was inferred that L. theobromae produced JAs, which resulted in a significant increase of sesquiterpenes in A. sinensis.
Ascomycota ; physiology ; Fermentation ; Sesquiterpenes ; metabolism ; Thymelaeaceae ; metabolism ; microbiology

Objective To evaluate the validity of original plasma cortisol level and responses to lowdose ACTH stimulation test in assessing the severity of critical illness.Method Original level of cortisol and cortisol concentrations 30 min after administration of a low dose ( 1 μg/1.73m2 ) of cosyntropin were determined within 24 hours after admission to our PICU.Critical illness related cortisol insufficiency was defined by initial level of cortisol ＜ 10 μg/dL or an increment cortisol [ Δmax =Stimulated plasma cortisol level (T1) -initial cortisol level (T0)]≤ 9 μg/dL.Results Ninety-five consecutive patients were admitted to PICU from May 2010 to April 2011.The patients were assigned to severe sepsis group (35/95),major operation group (30/95),and other critical illness group (30/95).Overall mortality was 12.6％ (12/95).The initial and stimulated plasma cortisol levels in three groups were (37.17 ± 47.35 ) μg/dL,(31.52±52.78) μg/dL,(28.61 ±17.45) μg/dL,vs.(50.26±48.21) μg/dL,(58.56±73.21)μg/dL, (42.41 ± 13.56) μg/dL,respectively.There were no significantly differences between above groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The incidence of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in this study was 55.8％.The incidences of CIRCI were 60％,53.3％,and 53.3％ in severe sepsis,other critical illness and major surgery illness,respectively ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The morbidity of CIRCI and normal response group were 7.5％ and 19％ (P ＞0.05).The levels of T0 and T1 were related to the PCIS (P ＜0.05). Conclusions CIRCI is often seen in children with critical illness. And a low-dose ACTH stimulation test can be used to evaluate the adrenal function in critical illness.However,there is no significant correlation between CIRCI and mortality of critically ill children in this study.

This study was aimed to observe changes of key molecular in insulin signaling pathway in the hypothala-mus of rats to explore the mechanism of spleen yin deficiency diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) and Zibu Piyin Recipe (ZBPYR) in order to provide new ideas and new clues for treatment of DACD. Rats were randomly divided into five groups, which were the control (Cont) group, diabetes (DM) group, spleen yin deficiency (pi) group, spleen yin deficiency diabetes (piDM) group and the ZBPYR group. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) serine phos-phorylation levels and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) serine phosphorylation levels which were involved in the insulin signaling were observed by western blotting in the hypothalamus to determine whether there were insulin signaling obstacles in the hypothalamus of rats. The results showed that the expression of p-IRS-1ser in the DM group, pi group and piDM group was increased compared with the Cont group (P< 0.05); while the p-Akt expression of the DM group and piDM group was decreased (P< 0.05). The expression of p-IRS-1ser in the ZBPYR group decreased compared with the DM group and piDM group (P< 0.05); while the level of p-Akt increased compared with the DM group and piDM group (P < 0.05). It was concluded that insulin signaling was not transduced normally in the hy-pothalamus of the DM group, pi group and piDM group. Insulin resistance may occur in the hypothalamus. And ZBPYR can correct insulin signaling transduction disorder.

OBJECTIVESevere Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection is potentially a devastating process that often leads to death encountered in pediatrics recently. Inappropriate control of EB virus replication may cause severe infection resulting in multiple organ dysfunction. However, little information is available on pulmonary complications associated with EB virus infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate severe EB virus (EBV) infection complicated with lung injury in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), including clinical characteristics, laboratory or imaging feature and outcomes.

METHODA total of 45 children with severe EBV infection seen in PICU of Shanghai Children's Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. According to clinical characteristics and imaging feature, 45 children were divided into non-lung injury group (n =27), lung injury without pulmonary fibrosis group(n = 12) and pulmonary fibrosis group (n = 6).

RESULTIn totally 45 cases of severe EBV infection, 21 (46.7%) were male and 24 (53. 3%) were female, mean age was 2. 4 years; 18 cases were complicated with lung injury, including 8 male and 10 female, median age was 31. 2 months. All of 18 cases presented with fever and cough, 15 of them exhibited dyspnea,12 cases were complicated with gasping, and 6 cases with ARDS. Eight cases accepted mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress; 6 cases who developed pulmonary fibrosis had tachypnea, refractory hypoxemia and hypercapnia, severe pulmonary air leak. The average EBV-DNA level in peripheral blood was 4. 42 x 10(6) copies/ml (range: 3. 25 x 10(3) - 6.59 x 10(7) copies/ml). Anti-EBV antibodies were positive in 41 cases, 18 cases were positive (+) for VCA-IgM, 15 cases were VCA-IgG and EA-IgG (+), 8 cases VCA-IgM and VCA-IgG (+). The radiographic findings revealed pulmonary interstitial infiltrates in all 18 cases with lung injury, 4 cases with segmental consolidation and 2 cases showed pleural effusions. HRCT scanning found EBV associated fibrosis including multifocal patches and diffuse ground-glass attenuation in both lungs, reticular opacities and honeycombing changes were observed 4 weeks after illness onset. There were significant differences in respiratory failure, PICU stay (days), Pediatric risk of mortality III (PRISM III) and pediatric clinical illness score(PCIS), serum TNF-α, EBV-DNA levels, percentage of NK cells and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio among non-lung injury group, lung injury without pulmonary fibrosis group and pulmonary fibrosis group (X2 =27. 12, F = 85. 23, 78. 23, 88. 68, 323. 80, 7. 35, χ2 = 6. 71, 12. 15; all P < 0. 05). COX regression analysis revealed that EBV-DNA and serum TNF-α levels were correlated with pulmonary fibrosis significantly (OR = 3. 92, P = 0. 04; OR = 5. 95, P = 0. 01). The patients with EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) had higher incidence of pulmonary fibrosis compared with non-EB-HLH (70% vs. 13%, χ2 = 4. 82, P = 0. 03). Of 18 cases, 8 cases died, including 3 cases with pulmonary fibrosis. The surviving cases with pulmonary fibrosis needed longer additional oxygen. Chest HRCT imaging of 3 cases with pulmonary fibrosis was improved at 6 months and oxygen therapy was discontinued at 18 months after discharge.

CONCLUSIONEB virus infection complicated with lung injury had higher incidence of respiratory failure, pulmonary fibrosis with a fatal outcome. EBV-DNA and serum TNF-α level were found to be statistically significant indicators of pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis associated with severe EB virus infection may be reversible.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Child, Preschool ; China ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; pathology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lung Injury ; virology ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology ; virology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood