Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are the non-hematopoietic cellular component in the bone marrow that have multiple differentiation potency. MSC play a key role in the regulation of bone marrow hematopoietic niche and modulation of immune function through various mechanisms. They are currently recognized as a promising cell source in tissue engineering, a vehicle in gene therapy and a powerful tool in the management of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In this review some momentous aspects regarding the current status and potential clinical applications of MSC in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, aplastic anemia and multiple myeloma were summarized.

Objective To study prospectively the morphological relations among hemorrhage of optic disc, defect of retinal nerve fiber layer, and peripapillary atrophy in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to evaluate the relations among hemorrhage of optic disc, defect of retinal nerve fiber layer, and peripapillary atrophy by using stereo ocular fundus photography and computer analyzer systems. Results In 37 patients (42 eyes) in NTG hemorrhage group, 50 hemorrhagic spots at optic disc was found, including coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer in 35 eyes (83.3%)(35/42). In 35 patients (40 eyes) in non-hemorrahge group, partial coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer was found in 21 eyes (52.5%)(21/40). The difference of incidence of coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer between the two groups was not significant (?2=1.403, P=0.236). The incidence of atrophic arc in hemorrhage group differed much from which in non-hemorrhage group (?2=7.008, P=0.008). The area of atrophic arc at ?section in hemorrhage group [(2.05?0.88)mm2] was significantly different from which in non-hemorrhage group [(1.42?0.53)mm2] (t=-2.618, P=0.012). In the follow-up period, the difference of incidence of disc-rim loss between hemorrhage and non-hemorrhage group was significant, (?2=5.802, P=0.016); while the difference of the incidence of visual field defect between the two groups was not. Conclusion In eyes with NTG, hemorrhage of optic disc, coloboma of retinal nerve fiber layer and atrophic arc are closely related. More disc-rim loss and changes of atrophic-arc area in hemorrhage group in the follow-up period suggests that hemorrhage of optic disc is the risk factor of development of NTG.

Object To define the molecular characters of differentiating Bupleurum chinense DC., B. scorzonerifolium Willd. from their allied species B. marginatum Wall. ex DC., B. smithii Wolff var. parvifolium Shan et Y.Li. and B. longiradiatum Turoz. Methods General DNA was isolated from fresh leaves of Bupleurum L. species by CTAB. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to identify them. Results Five Bupleurum L. species can be identified by primer OPA-1(5'-CAGGCCCTTC-3'), OPD-8 (5'-GTGTGCCCCA-3'), OPD-11 (5'-AGCGCCATTG-3'). Conclusion The method of RAPD can be used to identify the Bupleurum L. species and its allied species.

Objective To investigate the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and methylprednisolone (MP) on Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4 mRNA expression in endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide,LPS) induced shock.Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into LPS group (n =20),LPS + VIP group (n =20),LPS + MP group (n =20),LPS + VIP + MP group (n =20) and control group (n =10).LPS group injected intravenously LPS (E Coli O55B5) 10 mg/kg.LPS + VIP group,LPS + MP group and LPS + VIP + MP group were injected intravenously VIP 5 nmol/kg,MP 3 mg/kg and VIP 5 nmoL/kg + MP 3 mg/kg after LPS 10 mg/kg injection.The control group injected normal saline intravenously instead of LPS.The rats were sacrificed at 6 h and 24 h after injection and the intestine samples were collected.Pathological changes of the intestine were observed by microscopy.RT-PCR was used to detect the intestinal TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA expressions.Results Intestinal mucosa showed edema or necrotic change with structure of the microvilli disappeared after LPS injection.The inestinal lesions in VIP,MP and VIP + MP groups were milder than LPS group.At 6 h after LPS injection,TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA expressions were significantly up-regulated in LPS group,LPS + VIP group,LPS + MP group and LPS + VIP + MP group (TLR2 mRNA:1.14 ±0.38,1.17 ±0.42,1.16 ±0.41,0.92 ± 0.29;TLR4 mRNA 1.21 ±0.18,1.04 ± 0.38,1.11 ± 0.34,1.01 ± 0.20) compared with the control group (0.32 ± 0.20,0.24 ± 0.17) (P ＜ 0.01).But there was no significant difference between LPS group,LPS + VIP group,LPS + MP group and LPS + VIP + MP group (P ＞ 0.05).At 24 h after LPS injection,TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA expressions in LPS + VIP group,LPS + MP group and LPS + VIP + MP group (TLR2 mRNA:0.63 ± 0.12,0.59 ± 0.13,0.52 ±0.19;TLR4 mRNA 0.67 ±0.09,0.64 ±0.09,0.51 ±0.13) were significantly lower than LPS group (1.04 ± 0.38,0.82 ±0.18) (P ＜0.01) (P ＜0.05).Conclusion VIP and/or MP can mitigate intestinal injury induced by LPS shock.The gastrointestinal protection of VIP and glucocorticoids were related to downregulation signaling TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA expression.But VIP/MP and VIP + MP have no significant effect on expression of intestinal TLR2/4 mRNA until 24 h after LPS shock.

Objective To study the prenatal genetic diagnostic methods for hemophilia A fetus.Methods From 2002 to 2006,19 hemophilia A families were diagnosed either by long distance-polymerase chain reaction(LD-PCR)for factor Ⅷ intron 22 inversion or by the DNA polymorphism genetic linkage analysis of factorⅧin the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital.Results (1)Totally 19 women,with 22pregnancies received the prenatal diagnosis of fetal hemophilia A.The average week at diagnosis was 23(17-34)weeks.All the direct fetal blood sampling(DFBS)were successful.There was no fetal-loss caused by the procedures.(2)Of the 19 hemophilia A families,14 appeared to be factorⅧintron 22inversion,in which 16 prenatal diagnoses were done,10 fetuses were diagnosed as genetical hemophilia A patients,and 6 fetuses were normal.(3)Using combined polymorphism genetic linkage analysis 6 prenatal diagnoses were done,including one woman's two pregnancies,in which both her fetuses were diagnosed as genetical hemophilia A patients.(4)Factor Ⅷ levels of 16 fetuses were measured,and 6 fetuses were unmeasured either because the pregnancy weeks were lower than 20 weeks or the parents refused.Factor Ⅷlevel ranged from 0 to 198%.There were 11 fetuses whose factor Ⅷ levels were lower than 10%.Ten of them were diagnosed to be genetical hemophilia A patients,and in only one boy the factorⅧlevel was 2%,but the genetic diagnosis was normal and for one year's follow up he was doing normal.Conclusion LDPCR combined with polymorphism genetic linkage analysis enables a quick and correct detection ofhemophilia A carrier.For a carrier pregnancy.prenatal diagnosis could be done for the male fetus.Factor Ⅷ deficiency of the fetus could help make the diagnosis but the final diagnosis should be based on genetic evidence.

Objective To analyse the difference between stage Ⅰ pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and stage Ⅰ adenocarcinoma of the lung among operative cases.Methods We use the Lobectomy Cases Registration and Statistics System database (2006-2011) to compare the epidemiology,clinical presentation,image characteristics,surgical outcomes,recurrence and overall survival between BAC and adenocarcinoma groups.All the patients received lobectomy procedure in the department of thoracic surgery of Peking University People' s Hospital.Results Excluding those cases with both BAC and adenocarcinoma aspects,337 patients were enrolled.Thirty-nine patients were stage Ⅰ pure BAC and 298 patients were stage Ⅰadenocarcinoma.BAC has its proper clinical spectrum,occurring more frequently in women (69.2％ vs.52.0％,P =0.042)and in younger patients (57.4 vs.61.8,P =0.014).BAC also seems to be less dependent on tobacco exposure (12.8％ vs.29.9％,P =0.026).The percentage of ground-glass opacity (GGO) in CT scan of BAC patients was much more than that registered in adenocarcinoma patients (35.9％ vs.9.7％,P ＜0.001).And the tumor size of BAC group was smaller than that of the adenocarcinoma group (1.4 cm vs.2.3 cm,P ＜0.001).The operation method,time,blood loss and complications were similar between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that both 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher in patients affected by BAC (100％ vs.76.1％,P =0.030 and 100％ vs.86.1％,P =0.041).Conclusion BAC presents specificity in its epidemical,clinical,radiological and evolutionary aspects.Stage Ⅰ pure BAC patients have better prognosis following video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and system lymph node dissection than the similar stage adenocarcinoma patients.

Objective To discuss the clinical manifestation and pathology of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC).Methods From January 2007 to January 2012,the clinical and pathologic data of 25 patients (17 males and 8 females with average age of 54 years ranging from 24-76 years) with PRCC were retrospectively analyzed in combination with review of literature.The clinical stages of the tumor were as follows,Ⅰ in 16 cases,Ⅱ in 5 cases,Ⅲ in 4 cases.And the radiographic inspections of PRCC were compared with that of 100 randomly selected clear renal cell carcinoma (CRCC).Results All the PRCC cases had different imaging presentations compared with CRCC.CT attenuation of CRCC was higher than that of PRCC in corticomedullary,nephrographic and excretory phase (P＜0.05).Heterogeneous enhancement was most commonly seen in CRCC than PRCC (P＜0.05).There were 21 patients underwent radical nephrectomy,and 4 patients underwent laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery.The pTNM stages of the tumor were as follows,pT1N0M0 in 16 cases,pT2N0M0 in 5 cases,pT3aN0M0 in 2 cases,pT1N1M0 in 1 case,,pT2N1M0 in 1 case.Of these 25 patients,8 (32％) and 17 (68％) were diagnosed as type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ PRCC,respectively.All the 25 cases of patients were followed up from 6 to 60 months.One case died of metastasis,1 case died of cerebrovascular disease and the other 23 patients survived with tumor-free.Conclusions PRCC is a special type of RCC with low morbidity.Radiological examination can be used in the differential diagnosis of CRCC and PRCC before surgery.The prognosis after surgical treatment is good,but the adjuvant systemic treatment is to be study.

Objective To evaluate efficacy in detecting lung nodules at low-dose CT(LDCT) by nodule enhanced viewing(NEV).Methods One hundred and twenty seven patients who were referred to undergo low-dose CT (LDCT) for the evaluation of pulmonary metastasis or screening lung cancer were selected randomly.Two radiologists with at least 10 years experience read the images with normal clinical reading speed to find actionable nodules ≤ 2.0 cm in maximum diameter,and their consensus result was referred as Standard.NEV was adopted to detect the pulmonary nodules.Two residents with experience of less than three years read first detected suspicious nodules and recorded reading time,first consensus and mean time were recorded.Then,they made second decisions on the images with the help of NEV and the results and the reading time were recorded and analyzed by using wilcoxon test.The sensitivity and accuracy of NEV,residents and residents with NEV were analyzed.Results Standard,resident,NEV and resident with NEV detected 570,404,768 and 593 lung nodules ≤2.0 cm in maximum diameter,respectively.More than 60％ nodules were less than 0.5 cm in maximum diameter.The performance of NEV in detecting nodules ≤2.0 cm as well as nodules ＜ 0.5 cm in maximum diameter was significantly higher than that of the resident(Z =-6.887,P ＜0.01 and Z =-7.235,P ＜0.01),and the performance of resident with NEV indetecting nodules ≤2.0 cm as well as nodules ＜ 0.5 cm in maximum diameter was significantly higher than that of resident without NEV (Z =-6.606,P ＜ 0.01 and Z =-6.657,P ＜ 0.01).The resident,NEV and the resident with NEV detected nodules ＜ 20 mm in maximum diameter with sensitivities of 61.4％,86.3％ and 95.3％,and with accuracy of 56.1％,58.1％ and 87.6％,respectively.The resident achieved sensitivities of 51.4％,88.1％ and 94.8％,and accuracy of 47.0％,56.9％ and 87.5％ for nodules ＜5 mm in maximum diameter,respectively.The resident,NEV and resident with NEV spent 120-444 s,85-262 s and 131-1512 s per case to read the CT scans,respectively.The reading time of resident with NEV in was significantly higher than that of resident without NEV(Z =-9.781,P ＜ 0.01).The resident spent 23 s per NEV mark.Conclusion NEV considerable improves the resident's performance in lung nodule detection,especially in maximum diameter ＜ 0.5 cm nodule detection.

Objective To study the mechanics situation of proximal femoral locking plate internal fixation after dynamic hip fixation in-tertrochanteric fracture. Methods Totally 10 couple of elderly proximal femur specimens were collected and intertrochanteric fracture model were prepared. Fixation material was removed after dynamic hip screw fixation. The left sides were collected as control group and given anti-rotation intramedullary nail internal fixation, while the right side were collected as observation group and given proximal femoral locking plate internal fixation. Then vertical displacement, axial stiffness and rotational stiffness under different loads were compared. Results Under dif-ferent loads, femoral bone vertical displacement and femur tuberosity vertical displacement in the observation group were both significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0. 05), and femoral bone and femur tuberosity axial stiffness and rotational stiffness in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Proximal femoral locking plate internal fixation can improve stress load and enhance axial stiffness and rotational stiffness, and it's an ideal material for refracture fixation model after dynamic hip fixation intertrochanteric fracture.

The infection caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm has becoming one of the most urgent problems in hospital.Recent reports of possible mechanism of iron in biofilm formation were reviewed in this paper.The possible effects of iron on adsorption,microcolony formation,mature of colony and desorb were explained,and the prospect of clinical use of local iron or chelator spray was also reviewed here.