Aging as a global problem is intensifying with the development of economy; reducing the chronic diseases in the elderly and improving the life quality of the whole population are a study focus of medical researchers of today. The changes of cells, tissues, and organs in adults are not reversible to different extents. Fetal origin hypothesis believes malnutrition early in life is closely associated with the metabolic syndrome in adults, and if measures is taken at early stage of life, it may reduce or avoid a series of disease in adults. This paper reviews the association of malnutrition at early stage of life with metabolic syndrome (obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipemia) in adults.

Age Determination by Skeleton ; Body Height ; drug effects ; Child ; Child Development ; drug effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; methods ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Growth Hormone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Menarche ; Puberty, Precocious ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

ABSTRACT:In the present study ,we aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins between induced worms (the infec‐ted mice were treated intragastrically with ED50 PZQ) and uninduced worms (control group) for clarifying the mechanism of PZQ .ED50 PZQ was used to administrate mice that were infected with S .japonicum via intragastric incubation for consecutive‐ly 30 days .Twenty‐one days later ,mice were sacrificed after treatment with 200 mg/kg PZQ for continuously five days ,and the male worms were obtained and some of them were subjected in DMEM medium with different concentrations of PZQ in vitro for 16 hours .Then the worms were washed twice and incubated in PZQ‐free medium for 72 hours .Compared with control group ,the induced worms had lesser sensitivity to PZQ .The survival rate of induced worms was 75 .6% in vitro when the con‐centration of PZQ was 112 mol/L (the concentration was 8 times of uninduced worms Lethal Concentration ) ,significantly higher than that in the uninduced worms (11 .1% ,P<0 .05) ,showing obviously tolerance .The other induced and uninduced worms were acquired and collected for 2D‐DIGE and MALDI‐TOF‐MS ,and combined with bioinformatics to analyse the func‐tion of the identified protein .Thirty differential expression proteins were confirmed between induced and uninduced worms ,in‐cluding 12 proteins up‐regulated and 18 proteins down‐regulated .These proteins respectively ascribed to cytoskeleton‐associat‐ed protein ,glucose and energy metabolism enzymes ,stress proteins ,thioredoxin peroxidase enzymes ,and other protease .Up‐or down‐regulation of these differential proteins indicated that PZQ promote or inhibit the expression of some specific genes . These findings may help to clarify the mechanism of PZQ ,simultaneously ,providing a scientific basis for exploring new vaccine candidate antigens and targets for drug therapy .

Based on the genomic sequence of NDV08-004 strain (GenBank accession number FJ794269), seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify the genomic fragments by RT-PCR and cloned into pGEM-Teasy vector. The fragments (named A to G) were sub-cloned into transcription vector pOLTV5 according to the universal RE site and the plasmid named NDV08-004-pO which contained the full length cDNA of NDV08-004 strain was constructed. Three helper plasmids (pCI-NP, pCI-P and pCI-L) together with NDV08-004-pO were co-transfected into BSR T7/5 cells, and the transfection supernatant was inoculated into SPF embryonated eggs to rescue the virus. The virus was rescued successfully and identified by HA and RT-PCR and sequencing. The rescue system constructed in this study provided a good foundation for the further related research.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chick Embryo ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Newcastle Disease ; virology ; Newcastle disease virus ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Reverse Genetics ; methods

In order to develop potent antidiabetic agents that have inhibitory effect to a-glucosidase, twelve β-acetamido ketone derivatives such as N-{[(substituted-4-oxo-thiochroman-3-yl)phenyl]-methyl}acetamide are designed and synthesized through one-pot Dakin-West reaction. Their chemical structures are confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HR-MS. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assays of compounds 4a-41 were carried out using glucose oxidase method. The result indicated that most of them possess inhibitory activity in vitro. Compound 4k showed the most potent inhibitory activity with 87.3% inhibition of α-glucosidase at the concentration of 5.39 mmol x L(-1). The structure-activity relationship of these β-acetamido ketone derivatives was discussed preliminarily. Moreover, the molecular docking method was used to study the interaction mode of compound 4k and α-glucosidase. Our results will be helpful for designing of α-glucosidase inhibitors in the future.
Acetamides ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; alpha-Glucosidases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects of bicyclol combined with ganciclocir on infantile cytomegalovirus hepatitis.

METHODSSeventy infants with cytomegalovirus hepatitis were randomized into treatment group (n=35) and control group (n=35) for a 2-week-long treatment with ganciclocir (5 mg/kg) with and without oral bicyclol (3 mg/kg, twice daily), respectively.

RESULTSIn both groups, significant changes occurred in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum total bilirubin, serum total bile acid, and glutamyl transpeptidase after the 2-week treatment (P<0.01); these parameters differed significantly between the two groups after the treatment (P<0.01). Compared with those in the control group, the infants in the treatment group showed significantly better responses to the treatment (P<0.05) with a significantly higher rate of serum anti CMV IgM negativity (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBicyclol combined with ganciclocir can reduce glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and serum total bilirubin, and decrease bile acid levels to lessen liver cell damage and promote the recovery of liver cells.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Biphenyl Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Ganciclovir ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Function Tests

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of local application of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via adenovirus-mediated gene transfer on survival of full thickness flaps selected randomly in rats.

METHODSThirty Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 480-520 g were used in this study. A dorsal flap (8 cm x 2 cm) in full thickness with the pedicle located at the level of the iliac crest was designed. Then the rats received 1,012 pfu replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus carrying VEGF (AdCMV-VEGF group, n=10), 1,012 pfu recombinant beta-galactosidase adenovirus (AdCMV-Gal group, n=10) and 1 ml saline (saline group, n=10), respectively, in the distal two thirds of the proposed flap by means of subdermal injection at 8 different locations. Three days after treatment, the flaps were elevated as originally designed and sutured back in situ. The survival rate of the flaps was evaluated on day 7 after operation.

RESULTSThe survival rate of the flaps in the AdCMV-VEGF group increased significantly as compared with those of the AdCMV-Gal group (P<0.01) and the saline group (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical staining showed that VEGF was expressed in the survival flaps injected with AdCMV-VEGF. Histological analysis showed that more granulation tissues and angiogenesis were observed in the AdCMV-VEGF group than those in the AdCMV-Gal and the saline groups.

CONCLUSIONSLocal application of adenovirus-mediated VEGF165 cDNA may efficiently improve the survival of ischemic skin flaps.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Lymphokines ; genetics ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Surgical Flaps ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the potential regulatory role played by the hormone resistin in lipid metabolism and expression of nuclear factor (NF)-kB and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a during hepatic steatosis.

METHODSA non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cell model was established by treating the normal human hepatic cell line, L02, with palmitic acid. Four research groups of L02 cells were generated: C group (control, no palmitic acid treatment), P group (NAFLD model, treated with 20 microg/ml palmitic acid), CR group (C group treated with 50 microg/L recombinant human resistin), and PR group (P group treated with 50 microg/L recombinant human resistin). All treatments were carried out for 72 hours. Oil red O staining was used to detect the intracellular changes in lipid drops. Biochemical assays were used to measure triglycerides (TGs), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels in culture medium. The mRNA and protein expression levels of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2, NF-kB, and TNF-a were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively.

RESULTSThe TG, ALT, AST, and GGT levels were higher in the P, CR, and PR groups than in the C group. The NF-kB mRNA level was also higher in the P, CR, and PR groups (Student's t = 17.64, 22.03, 26.06 respectively) than in the C group, as was the TNFa mRNA level ( t = 5.67, 5.38, 11.64), but the IRS-2 mRNA level was lower ( t = 8.19, 9.23, 20.93) (all, P less than 0.05). In addition, no significant difference in these mRNA levels were found between the P group and the CR group (NF-kB: t = 1.75, TNFa: t = 0.58, IRS-2: t = 2.14; all, P more than 0.05). The detected protein levels of NF-kB, TNFa, and IRS-2 were consistent with the mRNA levels.

CONCLUSIONResistin can promote steatosis in LO2 cells through the NF-kB signaling pathway, thereby contributing to the NAFLD pathogenic process.

Cell Line ; Fatty Liver ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Resistin ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo assess the diagnostic value of the simplified gonadorelin stimulation test for precocious puberty.

METHODSTwo hundred and ninety-two girls with signs of advanced breast development received the gonadorelin stimulation test. According to the result of gonadorelin stimulation test, the girls were divided into 3 groups: 151 with central precocious puberty (CPP),119 with premature thelarche (PT) and 22 with peripheral precocious puberty (PPP).

RESULTSLH or FSH levels at 15 min, 30 min, 60 min in PPP group were not significantly different (P>0.05). Those were significantly different in PT group (P<0.01). The highest levels of LH were at 30 min and the highest levels of FSH were at 60 min. LH or FSH levels at 15 min, 30 min, 60 min in CPP group were significantly different (P<0.01) with the highest levels at 30 min. The ratio of basal LH and FSH >0.2 had a diagnostic sensitivity of 48.3 % and specificity of 69.7%. Taking the LH/FSH ratio >0.9 at 15 min, 30 min, 60 min as cut-off value, the diagnostic sensitivity was 80.1%, 68.9% and 38.4%, and the specificity was 90.8%, 96.6% and 69.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe LH/FSH ratio>0.9 at 15 min after gonadorelin stimulation test can be used as a cut-off value to differentiate CPP from PT and blood sample at 60 min were not necessary.

Child ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; blood ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Puberty, Precocious ; diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in obese children and its possible mechanism.

METHODSThree subgroups were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) in 123 obese children with BMI over 23 aged 7 to 16:34 cases with BMI> or =31 group; 57 cases with 25< or =BMI<30 group; 32 cases with 23< or =BMI<25 group. Ultrasonographic and biochemical parameters including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum uric acid and free glucose to free insulin ratio (FGIR) were assayed. Twenty four children suspected as benign acanthosis nigricans underwent skin biopsy and its association with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was also discussed.

RESULTSNinety-nine children (80.49 %) showed abnormal hepatic sonograms and 54 were diagnosed as NASH with the prevalence of 43.90%. Compared with the other two groups, BMI> or =31 group was significantly higher in prevalence of abnormal hepatic sonograms, NASH, decreased FGIR and risk of benign acanthosis nigricans (P<0.01). Fifty-four children diagnosed as NASH showed significantly higher incidence of hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and higher body mass index as compared with 24 subjects without fatty liver changes. In 54 NASH children, 20(37.04%) had benign acanthosis nigricans. By bivariate analysis, ALT and AST were correlated well with BMI, cholesterol, triglyceride and FGIR (r(s)=0.413, 0.290, 0.379, -0.477, P<0.01; r(s)=0.359, 0.349, 0.348, -0.369, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere is a high prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in simple obese children and high incidence of benign acanthosis nigricans in NASH subjects. BMI> or=30 is a high risk factor of being NASH. Severe disturbance of lipid metabolism and insulin resistance may be involved in the mechanism of NASH.

Acanthosis Nigricans ; etiology ; Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Fatty Liver ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Obesity ; complications ; Prevalence