p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), an important member of AGC family, is a kind of multifunctional Ser/Thr kinases, which plays an important role in mTOR signaling cascade. The p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase is closely associated with diverse cellular processes such as protein synthesis, mRNA processing, glucose homeostasis, cell growth and apoptosis. Recent studies have highlighted the important role of S6K in cancer, which arose interests of scientific researchers for the design and discovery of anti-cancer agents. Herein, the mechanisms of S6K and available inhibitors are reviewed.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Humans ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; chemistry ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Humans ; Hyperphosphatemia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods

The transesterification reaction conditions of lard with methyl acetate with combined use of immobilized lipases as catalysts were conducted. Initially, according to single factorial experiments, the studies on Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435 respectively catalyzed transesterification of lard showed that the optimal parameters of transesterification reaction were: the molar ratio of methyl acetate to oil of 14∶1, 40% enzyme added based on oil weight, temperature 50℃. Combined use of Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435 was proposed further to improve the catalytic performance by the response surface method (RSM). Herein, a 5-level-3-factor central composite rotated design was employed to evaluate the effects of lipase loading, the proportion of the two lipases and amount of methyl acetate. The optimum conditions were as followings: 40% lipase loading based on oil weight, 50%/50% the proportion of lipases (Novozym 435/Lipozyme TL IM), and the molar ratio of methyl acetate to oil of 14∶1. And under the optimal conditions, the highest biodiesel yield of 97.6% could be attained, which was higher than the biodiesel yield with each single one of the two lipases. The results suggested that the technics of combined use of certain immobilized lipases catalyzed transesterification reaction of lard for biodiesel production with methyl acetate as the acyl acceptor could raise the FAME yield and save the production cost.

Objective To evaluate Cica-Beta Test kit for detection of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE)in the clinical microbiology laboratory.Methods A total of 82 imipenem-resistant PAE clinical isolates from litera-ture[5]was dectected to metallo-β-lactamase (MBLs)by PAE-MHT and Cica-Beta Test kit.Results The sensitivity,speci-ficity and accuracy rate of PAE-MHT was 84.6%,97.2% and 97.6%,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate of Cica-Beta Test kit was 76.9%,100% and 96.3%,respectively.Two methods had a good consistency.Conclusion Two methods are simple,quick for detecting to metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas in clinical laboratories.

· AIM: To explore the relationship between the expression of Fas/FasL and the apoptosis in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury of rats, as well as the therapeutic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)on the ischemic retina.injury were made by transiently elevating introcular pressure. A total of 28 rats were divided into Normal Group and Operative Group. The latter were subdivided into 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72h after reperfusion, in which the left eyes of the rats were in the ischemia/reperfusion groups and the right ones were in the treatment groups (bFGF intracameral injection). Apoptosis was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labelling (TUNEL) method, and theexpression of Fas/FasL ligand was studied by strept avidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry.mai rats' retinae, but there were a significant number of TUNEL positive cells in 6-24h after transient ischemia followed by a decrease at 48h. The number of TUNEL positive cells reached a maximum at 24h after ischemia.The expression of Fas gradually increased as early as at 6h, reached a peak at 24h, then decreased at 48h. Similarly, the expression of Fas ligand was at peak in 24-48h in GCL and INL of retina. bFGF ministered before reperfusion inhibited apoptotsis and ameliorated the tissue damage. It also diminished Fas and FasL expression in ischemic/reperfused retina.siently elevated IOP induced apoptosis of cells in the retina. Fas/FasL may have an important role in the early events of the apoptotic pathways. bFGF can rescue RGCs from retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury through down-regulation of Fas and Fas ligand expression and may represent an important mechanism for therapeutic neuroprotection.

Objective To investigate the effect of aluminum on hair loss induc ed by fluoride in fluorosis mice.Methods Sixty male C57BL mice were divided into four groups according to body mass:control group,fluoride (F) group (F-100 mg/L),aluminum(Al) group(Al3+ 270 mg/L) and F + Al group(F-100 mg/L + Al3+270 mg/L).Mice were killed 1 month and 3 months after the experiment,respectively.Bone F content was detected by ion-selective electrode method.The level of bone Al was measured through inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum.Dental fluorosis and hair loss of mice were evaluated by visual method.Results One month after the experiment,no dental fluorosis and hair loss was found in all four groups.The content of bone F was the highest in F group [(2401.649 + 86.835) mg/kg],and the lowest in A1 group [(427.006 + 11.878) mg/kg].The levels of bone F in F + Al group and control group were (1210.332 + 19.531)mg/kg and (538.001 + 33.337)mg/kg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant between any two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Three month after the experiment,all mice of F treatment group had dental fluorosis and hair loss(10/10).Alopecia areas were found in the neck and back regions only.There was no hair loss in control group,Al group and F + Al group.No dental fluorosis was found in both control and Al groups.Only 2 mice were found with dental fluorosis in F + Al group.The levels of bone F in F group,F + Al group,control group and Al group were (4098.645 + 58.842),(1888.165 ± 12.187),(876.258 + 14.462) and (662.385 ± 8.966) mg/kg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant between any two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The hair loss is found in fluorosis mice.Hair loss of mice is closely associated with the level of F exposure.Al can prevent the occurrence of hair loss induced by F in mice through reducing the accumulation of F.

Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification(NASBA) is a sensitive,isothermal,transcription-based amplification system specifically designed for the detection of RNA targets,which could amplify templete RNA in 2h under isothermal condition at about 42?C and without any special equipment.NASBA is now widely applicated in diagnosis of many pathogenic microorganism.It is mainly about principles and applications of NASBA in viral diagnosis.

Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; adverse effects ; Chemical Industry ; Female ; Humans ; Insecticides ; adverse effects ; Male ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; adverse effects ; Phosphorus Compounds ; adverse effects ; Sulfides ; adverse effects

Objective To compare the effect of difierent combinatio of mannitol, furesemide and albumin in reducing intracranial pressure in 451 patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods A total of 451 patients with an admissiou Glasgow Coma Scale of or less from 5 medical centers were randomly divided into 5 groups, ie, Group A(250 ml 20% mannitol each time as control), Group B(125 ml 20% mannitol each time), Group C(alternate use of 250 ml 20% mannitol each time or 40 mg furosemide), Group D(alternate use of 125 ml 20% mannitol each time and 20 mg furosemide)and Group E(alternate use of 125 ml 20% mannitol and moderate or large dose of albumin). We monitored intracraniai pressure continuously and observed the changes of intracranial pressure, electrolytes, hemato-crit and renal function after use of 5 combinations of mannitol. Furosemide and albumin. Results Man-nitol and furosemide could independently reduce intracranial pressure after 1-3 hours (P<0. 05). Semis mannitol plus furosemide or albumin could more signifieantly reduce intracranial pressure, with statistical difference compared with full dose of mannitol. Semis mannitol and alternate use of mannitol and furose-mide in aspect of intracranial pressure reduction and persistence time(P<0. 05). Alternate use of man-nitol and furosemide begot higher incidence rate of electrolyte abnormality, compared with the other com-binations (P<0. 05). Rebound rate of intracranial pressure was higher in full dose of mannitol than other combinations (P<0. 05). Incidence of renal function abnormality was higher in combination involved al-bumin than alternative use of mannitol and furosemide as well as combination of semis mannitol and furo-semide (P<0. 05). Abnormality of electrolyte and renal function wag reversible. Conclusion The use of 125 ml 20% mannitol each time plus 20 mg furesemide is more reasonable than other combina-tions. Meanwhile, semis mannitol combined with moderate or large dose of albumin has certain advantages too.

Objective To investigate the disease situation of adult carotid atherosclerosis in water-related endemic fluorosis areas in Heilongjiang province in 2008 so as to explore the relationship between water-related endemic fluorosis and incidence of carotid atherosclerosis disease. Methods A total of 266 participants over the age of 40 from four villages in Zhaozhou county with water fluoride ≥ 1.0 mg/L in a fluorosis area and 283 residents over the age of 40 from four villages in Tailai county with water fluoride ＜ 1.0 mg/L in a nonfluorosis area were investigated. A portable-type B mode color ultrasound was used to examine the left carotid artery of all participants.The carotid atherosclerosis was diagnosed and graded through the ultrasonograms. Results The prevalence rates of carotid atherosclerosis in the 4 fluorosis villages(Xinfeng, Taipingshan, Baochan and Houzheng villages) were 47.3% (35/74), 63.5%(40/63), 73.3%(33/45) and 60.7%(51/84), respectively, and in the 4 nonfluorosis villages(Hala,Qianxing, Sanjia and Ailin villages) were 32.7% (17/52), 32.9% (24/73), 39.2% (31/79) and 30.4% (24/79),respectively. The prevalence rates of carotid atherosclerosis in every villages standardized by age were 47.3% ,63.5%,73.3% ,60.7% and 34.7% ,36.3% ,43.0% ,41.3%, respectively. Statistic method used was Wilcoxon two sample test and the differences were significant(T = 26, P ＜ 0.05 ). Total carotid atherosclerosis positive rate standardized by age in the 4 fluorosis villages was significantly higher than that in the 4 nonfluorosis villages[57.5%(153/266) ,37.8% (107/283), x2 = 21.36, P ＜ 0.01 ]. After standardized by age, the severity of carotid atherosclerosis was significantly different between fluorosis villages and nonfluorosis villages (x2 = 36.15, P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion The prevalence rate of carotid atherosclerosis in endemic fluorosis area is higher than that in nonfluorosis area.