Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) represents subjective complaints about cognitive decline in the absence of objective impairment in neuropsychological tests. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that SCD might be the first symptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum disorders. However, SCD is a heterogeneous condition mixed with AD and non-AD related conditions. Hence, refinement of evidence from previous reports and standardization of the concept about SCD are needed to define appropriate target population with AD pathology. In this article, we review previous studies involving subjects with SCD, the new proposed research criteria, and characteristics of SCD in the aspect of preclinical AD. Biomarker status of SCD is also addressed. Future researches on SCD require a longitudinal follow-up with sufficient biomarker studies and proper outcome measures.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Pathology

Joints ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Recurrence ; Skull

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore how supervisory nurses who were transferred to a long-term care hospital from an acute hospital adapted to the new work environment. METHODS: Colaizzi's phenomenological method was applied. Participants were nine nurses working in long-term care hospitals and data were collected through in-depth individual interviews over 1 month. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). RESULTS: From this study 12 theme clusters and 5 categories were classified. The 5 categories were; ‘Unacceptable workload’, ‘Unclear job description’, ‘Unreasonable management system of the hospital’, ‘Understanding the characteristic of the long-term care hospital’ and ‘Challenge and self-development’. CONCLUSION Participants experienced conflict, identity confusion and ambivalence through the relationship with nursing assistants, long-term care workers, administrative staff and the patients’ caregivers. However, they finally understood the characteristics of the long-term care hospital and were positioned as long-term care nurses.

No abstract available.
Cheek*

PURPOSE: In this study self-efficacy, emotional labor, pediatric nurse-parent partnership and job stress of pediatric nurses were examined. Factors affecting job stress of pediatric nurses were also investigated. METHODS: The study was done between June and September 2014, with a convenience sample of 145 nurses from 3 advanced general hospitals, 5 general hospitals and 2 children's hospitals. Research data were collected via questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 18.0. RESULTS: Average levels of self-efficacy, emotional labor and job stress were similar to other general nurses and the average level of pediatric nurse-parent partnership was also similar to other pediatric nurses. Job stress of pediatric nurses showed a positive correlation with emotional labor and negative correlations with self-efficacy and pediatric nurse-parent partnership. The most significant factor affecting job stress in pediatric nurses was emotional labor (beta=0.372, p<.001). The combination of emotional labor, pediatric nurse-parent partnership and self-efficacy accounted for 25.4% of job stress in pediatric nurses. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that nursing management strategies to decrease emotional labor and improve pediatric nurse-parent partnerships and self-efficacy are critical to decrease job stress for pediatric nurses. Continued development of nursing management interventions to decrease job stress in pediatric nurses is suggested.
Child ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Nursing ; Parents ; Professional-Family Relations

As the productive activities have vastly increased following industrialization and urbanization in the modem society, the resulting high mobility of people and goods have caused a sharp increase in the accidents in the work places as well as traffic accidents. In particular, deaths caused by injuries are generally concentrated in the economically active young peoples, producing incalculable losses to the society and nation as a whole. Advanced nations with superior medical care systems have succeeded in reducing incidents of such deaths by operating trauma centers. Especially noteworthy is the case of the United States where such specialized trauma centers have greatly contributed to reducing deaths from injuries in the non-urban areas with less access to medical facilities. At present Korea has no medical centers specializing in injuries. In large cities, the injuries are being treated tertiary medical facilities while in the provinces they are referred to small and medium-sized hospitals that constitute secondary medical facilities. Currently in Korea the Trauma patients are treated at general hospitals that consist of 726 secondary medical facilities and 40 tertiary medical centers nationwide. The secondary medical facilities which tend to take most responsibility for the treatment of trauma are generally deficient in medical staff and facilities (including operating and intensive care facilities). Despite such deficiency and limitations, no regulations exist regarding treatment or transportation of trauma patients. This article reports the outcome of a comparative analysis of the results of trauma treatments among different types of medical facilities based on objective data in the hope that such study would facilitate a comparison with the treatment systems of advanced countries and thereby contribute to a precise formulation of problems that must be addressed in this area.
Accidents, Traffic ; Hope ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Korea ; Medical Staff ; Modems ; Social Control, Formal ; Transportation ; Trauma Centers ; United States ; Urbanization ; Workplace ; Industrial Development

NSAID-induced upper gastrointestinal (GI) damage occurs easily in people with a prior history of complicated or uncomplicated ulcers. Many recent clinical studies have proved the benefit of Helicobacter pylori eradication in NSAID users; however, the exact pathophysiologic relationship between concomitant H. pylori infection and NSAID use has not yet been fully elucidated. Testing and eradication of H. pylori are generally recommended in patients who are at a high risk for NSAID-induced GI damage. However, in high-risk patients, ulcer prophylaxis with proton pump inhibitor or misoprostol is needed even if H. pylori has been successfully eradicated. In low-risk patients, it is still questionable whether or not eradication of H. pylori can reduce upper GI damage. However, in western countries, due to its cost effectiveness, testing and eradication of H. pylori is recommended before starting aspirin or NSAID irrespective of the risk level. In regions with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection (>20%), the usefulness of testing and eradication of H. pylori has not yet been determined.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*therapeutic use ; Aspirin/therapeutic use ; Helicobacter Infections/*drug therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer/*etiology ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors

Objectives: Portal sites have become places to share queries about performing nursing and obtain expert know-how. This study aimed to analyze topics of interest in the field of infusion nursing among nurses working in clinical settings. Methods: In total, 169 user query data were collected from October 5, 2018 to December 25, 2021. This exploratory study analyzed the semantic structure of posts on the nurse question-and-answer board of an infusion nursing-related internet portal by extracting major keywords through text data analysis and conducting term frequency (TF) and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, N-gram analysis, and CONvergence of iteration CORrelation (CONCOR) analysis. Word cloud visualization was conducted utilizing the “wordcloud” package of Python to provide a visually engaging and concise summary of information about the extracted terms. Results: “Infusion” was the most frequent keyword and the highest-importance word. “Infusion→line” had the strongest association, followed by “vein→catheter,” “line→change,” and “peripheral→vein.” Three topics were identified: the replacement of catheters, maintenance of the patency of the catheters, and securement of peripheral intravenous catheters, and the subtopics were blood sampling through central venous catheter, peripherally inserted central catheter management, evidence-based infusion nursing, and pediatric infusion nursing. Conclusions These findings indicate that nurses have various inquiries in infusion nursing. It is necessary to re-establish the duties and roles of infusion nurses, and to develop effective infusion nursing training programs.

Purpose: This study examines the health information-seeking pathways and health literacy levels of cancer patients, identifying factors that influence health literacy using data from the 2nd Korean Health Panel 2021 (Ver. 2.2). Methods: The study utilized the 2021 annual data (Ver. 2.2) from the 2nd Korean Health Panel. A total of 363 participants were included in the final analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0, employing frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, cross-tabulation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Health information seeking pathways were ranked in the order of active seeking, passive exposure, and interactive communication. Younger, higher educated, and higher-income patients favored active seeking, while older, less educated patients relied on passive exposure. Additionally, lower-income patients were found to more often use interactive communication. Education, income, and active seeking significantly influenced health literacy. Conclusion Tailored support for cancer patients with lower levels of education and income is crucial to empower active health information seeking, reduce information gaps, and enhance health literacy to ensure better health outcomes.

Purpose: This study examines the health information-seeking pathways and health literacy levels of cancer patients, identifying factors that influence health literacy using data from the 2nd Korean Health Panel 2021 (Ver. 2.2). Methods: The study utilized the 2021 annual data (Ver. 2.2) from the 2nd Korean Health Panel. A total of 363 participants were included in the final analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0, employing frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, cross-tabulation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Health information seeking pathways were ranked in the order of active seeking, passive exposure, and interactive communication. Younger, higher educated, and higher-income patients favored active seeking, while older, less educated patients relied on passive exposure. Additionally, lower-income patients were found to more often use interactive communication. Education, income, and active seeking significantly influenced health literacy. Conclusion Tailored support for cancer patients with lower levels of education and income is crucial to empower active health information seeking, reduce information gaps, and enhance health literacy to ensure better health outcomes.