In order to identify Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions of Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants were amplified and bidirectionally sequenced based on the Principles for Molecular Identification of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Using DNA Barcoding, which has been promulgated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Sequences were analyzed and assembled by Codon Code Aligner V3. 7.1. The relevant data were analyzed by MEGA 5. 0. Species identification analyses were performed by using the nearest distance methods and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The result showed that the ITS2 sequence lengths of Peucedani Radix were 229-230 bp and the average intra-specific genetic distances were 0.005. The ITS2 sequence lengths of Peucedani Decursivi Radix were 227 bp and the sequences contained no variation site. The average inter-specific K2P genetic distance of Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants species were 0.044 and 0.065 respectively. The minimum inter-specific divergence is larger than the maximum intra-specific divergence of Peucedani Decursivi Radix. The nearest distance methods and NJ trees results indicated that Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants species could be identification clearly. The ITS2 regions can stably and accurately distinguish Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants.
Apiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; Drug Contamination

Objective To investigate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI),and to identify the risk factors in primary schoolchildren from Shanghai through the population-based field investigation combined with the tuberculosis infection enzyme-linked immunospot assay(T-SPOT.TB)assay.Methods The children in grade 4 and 5 were enrolled from four primary schools in Pudong new district and Yangpu district of Shanghai.Questionnaire interview was applied to investigate the soeiodemographic and clinical information related to LTBI.The T-SPOT.TB assay was used to detect LTBI in the enrolled subjects.Univaitate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with LTBI among the primary schoolchildren.Results Totally 472 schoolchildren were enrolled in the present study,with 439(93.0%)being vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) and ten (2.1%) having contact history with tuberculosis (TB) patients.Among the 472 eligible subjects,16(3.4%) children were T-SPOT.TB positive,who had no clinical symptoms andsigns relevant to TB and were defined as LTBI.The LTBI prevalence in BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated children were 2.7% and 12.1%,respectively (OR:6.972;95%CI:1.834-26.500);those in TB contacts and children without TB contact history were 30.0% and 2.8%, respectively (OR: 16. 38; 95% CI: 3. 692-72. 700). Conclusions The prevalence of LTBI among senior schoolchildren in Shanghai is 3.4%. BCG vaccination is protective for children from LTBI, while daily contacts with TB patients increases the risk of LTBI in schoolchildren.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of transesophageal echocardiography during the lung transplanta tion. Methods From August 2005 to August 2009, 19 patients with advanced lung diseases received lung transplantation.The average age was(48.35±13.04) years. The echocardiographic probe was placed in patient's esophagus before surgery.The left and right pulmonary venous openings, artery blood flow velocity, right ventricular wall motion, left and right ventricular volume, right ventricular ejection fraction were recorded at different time intervals during lung transplantation, especially at the break and after completion of bronchus, pulmonary veins, and pulmonary artery anastomosis. Results The procedure included sequential-type lung transplantation in 6 cases and single lung transplantation in 13. The blood flow disappeared when blocking pulmonary artery and vein and right ventricular volume increased slightly. The right ventricular volume restored after completion of trachea, pulmonary veins, pulmonary artery anastomosis. TEE detected that the blood flow velocity of pulmonary veins, pulmonay artery anastomosis increased slightly. In 1 case the opening of the right pulmonsry artery blood flow velocity increased significantly and blood flow velocity decresed and blood oxygen partial pressure resumed after re-anastomosis of pulmonary artery. Conclusion TEE play an important role in monitoring pulmonary artery and vein anastomosis diameter and blood flow velocity and right ventricular function and predicting complications during lung transplantation.

OBJECTIVETo identify the Cynomorii Herba and its analogues species using DNA barcoding technique.

METHODTotal genomic DNA extracted from all materials using the DNA extraction kit. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and purified PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner 3.7.1. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances and GC content were computed using MEGA 5. 0. Species identification analyses were conducted through the species identification system for traditional Chinese medicine and neighbor-joining (NJ) trees.

RESULTThe ITS2 sequence lengths of Cynomorii Herba were 229 bp. The average intra-specific genetic distances of Cynomorii Herba were 0.003. The average inter-specific genetic distances between Cynomorii Herba and its adulterants species were 0.760. The results showed that the minimum inter-specific divergence is larger than the maximum intra-specific divergence. The species identification system for traditional Chinese medicine and NJ trees results indicated that Cynomorii Herba and its adulterants species can be easily identification.

CONCLUSIONThe ITS2 region is an efficient barcode for identification of Cynomorii Herba, which provide a new technique to ensure clinical safety in utilization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Cynomorium ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effect and compare the different regula- tions of bone marrow mescnchymal stem cells(MSCs)derived from both lupus(NZBWF1/J)and normal(BALB/ c)mice on T lymphocytes in vitro.Methods MSCs from NZBWF1/J and BALB/c mice bone marrow were iso- lated and expanded,and identified by the surface phenotypes.CD3~+ T lymphocytes isolated by nylon wool columns were stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate(PMA)and co-cultured with or without the two strains of MSCs for 24 h.Intracellular eytokines of T cell,such as interferon(IFN)-?,interleukin(IL)-4,IL-12,IL-6, were analyzed by flow cytometry and quantification of transcription factors T-box expressed in T cells(T-bet) and GATA-binding protein 3(GATA-3)were detected by reverse transcriptase PCR(RT-PCR).T cell apop- tosis was assessed by flow cytometry using rhodamine123.Results The results showed that a decrease of CD3~+ T cell apoptosis was seen when NZBWF1/J MSCs or BALB/c MSCs were added to T cells stimulated by PMA(P＜0.05),and an increase of TH2 cytokines by NZBWF1/J MSCs and TH1 eytokines by BALB/c MSCs were observed in the CD3~+ T cells eo-cuhured with MSCs(P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested that the al- teration of T subsets caused by MSCs may interfere with the systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)development and normal MSCs may be effective in the improvement of SLE.NZBWF1/J MSCs have defective immunoregula- tory function when compared with MSCs from healthy mouse strains.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the hospital infection rate and sites of patients in emergency intensive care(unit)(EICU),and provide basis for prevention and treatment of hospital infection.METHODS Patients who were hospitalized in EICU were investigated by retrospective study.RESULTS Among the hospital infection sites,(respiratory) tract was the most frequent one(65.63%),the next was urinary tract(28.13%),and the deep vein was the third(6.25%).The most common hospital infection bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the subjective and objective factors of hospital infection,and the acknowledge of relationship between nursing and hospital infection sites are(important) basis for hospital infection prevention and treatment.

The pathogenesis and treatments based on meridian differentiation of senile dementia are discussed through analyses and researches on the theory of "cerebral collaterals injury by toxins" and "collateral diseases". The symptoms of "Cerebral collaterals injury by toxins" are preliminary characterized by toxins and blood stasis occluding brain collaterals. "Cerebral collateral injury by toxins" and "Governor Vessel occlusion by blood stasis" are taken as the major pathogeneses of senile dementia. And the treatment should be focused on clearing the collaterals. Clearance acting as reinforcing as well as to clear and modify the Governor Vessel are taken as crucial sections in the treatment of senile dementia based on meridian differentiation. It is also the application of acupuncture-moxibustion intervention in senile dementia based on the theory of "cerebral collateral injury by toxins", which expands the application of the theory concerning "collateral diseases" in disease prevention and treatment with acupuncture-moxibustion.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Alzheimer Disease ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; therapy ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Meridians ; Toxins, Biological ; metabolism ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological effect and mechanism of action of pseudolaric acid B (PAB) on the cultured human HeLa cells in vitro.

METHODSMTT and flow cytometric assays were used to detect the cells proliferation inhibitory rate and apoptosis of HeLa cell in exposure to PAB; the morphological changes of apoptosis were observed with electron microscope; and the expressions of p53/bcl-2/bax mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTS(1) HeLa cell proliferation was inhibited by PAB in a dose-dependent manner, the IC50 being about 10 micromol/L; (2) flow cytometry showed that the distribution of HeLa cell cycle was changed time-dependently by 10 micromol/L PAB-treatment, showing decrease of G0/G1 phase cell percentage and increase of G2/M phase cell percentage; (3) the bax mRNA expression elevated and bcl-2 protein expression decreased markedly after being treated by 10 micromol/L PAB for 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h; while the expression of p53 mRNA could not be detected.

CONCLUSIONPAB can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of Hela cells in vitro, and its molecular mechanism may be associated with up-regulating bax mRNA expression and down-regulating bcl-2 mRNA expression.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism

AIMTo evaluate the effects of surfactants on the pharmacokinetics and distribution in rats after intravenous administration of SOD liposomes.

METHODSThe liposomes were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method. The activity of SOD was assayed by method of xanthine oxidase.

RESULTSThe T1/2 of SOD solution, common SOD liposome, SOD liposomes modified by DSPE-PEG2000 and Tween 80 were 0.25, 0.34, 0.66 and 0.41 h, respectively; AUC were 12.48, 24.66, 41.16 and 33.02 microg x h x mL(-1), respectively. Compared with the common liposome, the liposomes modified by DSPE-PEG and Tween 80 decreased the content of SOD in liver and spleen, but increased in brain.

CONCLUSIONThe three kinds of liposomes could increase T1/2 and AUC in some extent, especially in PEG-L group. Tween-L could increase the SOD content in brain, and PEG-L could decrease the SOD content in the liver and spleen compared with the common liposome.

Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Brain ; enzymology ; Injections, Intravenous ; Liposomes ; Liver ; enzymology ; Male ; Polysorbates ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; enzymology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Surface-Active Agents ; pharmacology ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo describe the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer from 1974-2002 in Cixian county of Hebei province. Basic information on comparative geographical, epidemiological, and clinical research was collected.

METHODSIn early 1970s, cancer registry system in Cixian was established, collecting information on all the esophageal cancer cases in Cixian. Data was checked manually, then computerized, coded and analyzed using the software--SPSS 11.5.

RESULTSFrom 1974 to 2002, there were 18 471 esophageal cancer cases in Cixian, with 11 068 males and 7403 females, respectively. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) for males was 208.77 per 100,000, while 120.47 per 100,000 for females. The trend of incidence rate of esophageal cancer had decreased during the 29 years from 1974 to 2002 (trend chi(2) = 19.94, P < 0.001). From 25 years of age onward, the incidence rates of the lower age groups declined with the increase of age. As for geographic distribution, the incidence rate in mountainous areas and hilly areas showed a significant declining trend in mountainous areas, chi(2) = 195.00, P < 0.001; hilly areas, chi(2) = 46.08, P < 0.001. The esophageal cancer incidence in plain areas remained steady, but had a slight increase in recent years. From 1969 to 2002, there were 18,736 cases died of esophageal cancer with 11 598 males and 7138 females. The ASR for male was 127.17 per 100,000 and 101.57 per 100,000 for female. Compared with the year 1969, the mortality rate of esophageal cancer in 2002 had a 37.96% decline. The proportion of esophageal cancer among malignant tumors in different decades decreased significantly.

CONCLUSIONThe trend of the incidence rate of esophageal cancer had been decreasing for the last 29 years. The incidence rate in mountainous areas and hilly areas showed a declining trend while in the plain areas it remained steady but having slight increase in the recent years. The mortality rate of esophageal cancer had a significant decrease from 1969 to 2002.

Adult ; Age Factors ; China ; epidemiology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Registries ; Software