Objective To discuss the causes and clinical significance of conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic surgery.Method Three thousand two hundred and three cases who underwent laparoscopic surgery during the past five years were analyzed retrospectively.Results Three thousand one hundred and eighty cases underwent laparoscopic surgery,in which 23 cases were converted to laparotomy due to factors including severe pelvic adhesions(6 cases),complex disease with difficulties in laparoscopy (7 cases),massive haemorrhage(3 cases),bladder trauma(1 case),gastric trauma(1 case),intestinal trauma(1 case),as well as unexpected malignant genitalia neoplasm(4 cases).Conclusion The major causes for the conversion to laparotomy during gynecology laparoscopic surgery are severe pelvic adhesion and complex disease with difficulties in laparoscopy.Careful evaluation before surgery and conversion to laparotomy at the right moment can decrease the complication.

Objective To investigate the functional and histological changes in aging gerbil bladders.MethodsTwelve male gerbils were randomly divided into control group and aging bladder group,with 6 in each group.Experiment was conducted in gerbils of control group and aging bladder group 6 months and 24 months after normal feeding,respectively.Urodynamic examinations including irrigation volume,compliance and filling pressure of bladder were performed,bladder weight was obtained,bladder weight index was calculated,morphological observation was conducted with HE staining,ratio of amount of smooth muscle to collagen was obtained with double immunohistochemical staining,and electron microscope was used to evaluate the ultrastructure of bladder.ResultsCompared with those in control group,the irrigation volume and compliance of bladder significantly decreased in aging bladder group(P0.05).However,the bladder weight index was significantly lower in aging bladder group(P0.05).There existed degeneration in smooth muscle cells and organelles in aging bladder group.ConclusionThe function of aging bladder in gerbils is impaired,which may be related to the degeneration of bladder tissues.

The applicator therapy is a unique method to treat infant diarrhea in traditional Chinese medicines and widely applied in clinical practice. Currently, many researchers have proved the rationality of the therapy based on the traditional Chinese medicine mechanism and on the data from clinical practice, but its action mechanism is uncertain at present. In this study, with the assistance of pediatric practitioners, the automated ribosomal intergenic-spacer analysis (ARISA) was adopted to study the effect of the adjuvant therapy with Dingguier umbilical paste on intestinal flora of diarrhea infants, in which Dingguier umbilical paste served as the adjuvant therapy in oral traditional Chinese medicines and fecal samples of infants with different diarrhea symptoms were collected and used as the study materials. The results showed that the adjuvant therapy had a significant effect on the shift of intestinal flora, which was associated with the decrease in the similarity difference to the normal control group and the increase in the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared with the normal control group. Additionally, adjuvant therapy with Dingguier umbilical paste also showed long action duration and increased OTUs number. These results indicated that Dingguier umbilical paste has the effect in restoring the micro-ecosystem of unbalanced intestinal bacteria. Intestinal flora may be one of major targets for the applicator therapy for the infant diarrhea, but not for the single oral traditional Chinese medicine for infant diarrhea.
Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic ; therapeutic use ; Diarrhea ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Feces ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestines ; drug effects ; microbiology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Ointments ; Treatment Outcome ; Umbilicus

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Collagen Type IV ; blood ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; blood ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Laminin ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo isolate and elucidate the chemical constituents with the cytotoxicity activity from the rhizome of Actaea asiatica.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by repeated column chromatography (Toyopearl HW40C and preparative HPLC) and the structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectral data analysis.

RESULTA cycloartane triterpene saponin com- pound was isolated and identified to be (23R)-16beta, 23: 23alpha, 26: 24alpha: 25-triepoxy-9, 19-cyclolanost-7-en-3beta-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside.

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 was a new compound and named (23R)-26-deoxycimicifugoside. The IC50 values of compound 1 for cell growth inhibition of Hela and L929 cell lines were 72.24 and 55.97 mg x L(-1), respectively.

Actaea ; chemistry ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Mice ; Plant Structures ; chemistry ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) and bladder function in the community-dwelling elderly females. Methods The questionnaires were administered,including complaints of LUTS,International Prostate Symptoms Score(IPSS) and quality of life assessment.Meanwhile,uroflowmetry was performed and volume of residual urine was measured. Results The total number of women surveyed was 359.According to IPSS,the prevalence of moderate to severe LUTS(IPSS≥8) was 39.0%.The prevalence in those with age of 50-59,60-69 and ≥70 years were 35.1%,46.2% and 54.8%,respectively(P=0.034).Of all the women surveyed,73.8% had predominantly irritative symptoms.The maximum flow rates(Qmax)were(24.5?11.5) mL/s,(22.7?11.0) mL/s and(14.5?8.2) mL/s,respectively for these age groups(P

OBJECTIVETo compare the urodynamic diagnostic types of dysuria in female patients of different age groups.

METHODSSix hundred and sixteen female patients with dysuria were evaluated from March 1997 to July 2008. No patients had history of nervous system disease and history of lower urinary tract operations. They had detrusor pressure-flow studies and uroflowmetry. The urodynamic diagnostic types were analyzed in 3 different age groups.

RESULTSIn 3 groups of 18 - 40 years, 40 - 60 years and > or = 60 years, the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) had the highest proportion (54.8%, 59.1% and 45.0% respectively). The distribution of detrusor overactivity, detrusor under-activity and normal function had no significant difference between 3 groups. The distribution of BOO and acontractile detrusor had significantly difference between 3 groups. When groups of 18 - 40 years and 40 - 60 years were combined into 18 - 60 years group and compared with the older group, the proportion of BOO, acontractile detrusor and detrusor under-activity showed significantly difference. The proportions of BOO in the two groups were 57.3% and 45.0%, acontractile detrusor 15.6% and 23.9%, detrusor under-activity 17.4% and 25.0%, respectively. The proportion of reduced bladder sensation among detrusor under-activity patients in the older group was significantly higher.

CONCLUSIONSIn the urodynamic diagnoses of voiding difficulty in female patients, bladder outlet obstruction has the highest proportion. This proportion decreases in the older patients. The proportion of acontractile detrusor and detrusor under-activity increases in the older group.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dysuria ; diagnosis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Urodynamics ; physiology

AlM: To measure the retinal electrical activities in patients with diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) by applying multifocal electroretinogram ( mf-ERG) and evaluate the degree of visual damage at different stages of DR
METHODS:Thirty cases ( 30 eyes ) aged 50 ~70 years old, excluding other diseases, were as normal group, and 99 cases ( 99 eyes ) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were as experiment group. The cases received mf-ERG examination in the standard state, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed
RESULTS: For DR patients with early and background stage, the reaction density of mf - ERG P1 wave decreased as the disease worsened, significantly reduced in non - proliferating stage and decreased more significantly in the background of the stage Ⅲ. This showed that in the macula, electrical activity had weakened before the retina without visual or morphological changes, and with the development of the disease, the electrical activity decreased more obviously.
CONCLUSlON:mf-ERG can evaluate the severity of DR, especially suit in the early and background period of DR.

OBJECTIVEStudy on the flavonoids from the air part of Eupatorium lindleyanum.

METHODAlcohol percolation, silica gel column chromatography and re-crystallization et al.

RESULTJaceosidin, kaempferol, quceritin, astragalin, trifolin and hypersoide were isolated from E. lindleyanum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence.

CONCLUSIONJaceosidin, kaempferol, quceritin, astragalin and trifolin were isolated from E. lindleyanum for the first time.

Eupatorium ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

The current situation of plant extract in domestic and international market was analyzed in the paper. The quality control of 20 plant extracts which have reasonably good sales in USA market was compared and analyzed. The analysis of the quality control of six plant extracts indicated that there were two main reasons leading to the varied quality specifications among different suppliers. One reason was that the plant species utilized by different companies were different. The other reason was that the extraction processes were different among different production plants. Comparing with the significant international suppliers of plant extracts, the product quality of Chinese companies were not satisfactory. It was suggested that chromatography and chromatographic fingerprint techniques should be applied to improve the quality control standard of plant extract in our country.
Anthocyanins ; isolation & purification ; China ; Chromatography ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Proanthocyanidins ; isolation & purification ; Quality Control ; Species Specificity ; Vaccinium ; chemistry ; Vitis ; chemistry