Objective To analyze the aetiological characteristics and bacterial susceptibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) after mechanical ventilation. Methods To review the clinical characteristics, aetiological flora and bacterial susceptibility in 28 patients complicated with VAP in the ICU in recent years. Results The incidence rate of VAP was 66.7％. 91 clinical bacteria and 10 mycete isolates were collected, 64 (80.3％) were Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and 27(29.7％) Gram- positive bacteria (GPC). The dominant bacteria was Xanthomonas maltophilia in COPD complicated VAP. Conclusion The main kind of bacteria in COPD complicated VAP after mechanical ventilation was GNB, and all kinds of the bacteria showed high tolerance. More attention should be paid to the cultivate aetiological bacteria and bacterial susceptibility and select the most suitable antibiotics in the treatment of VAP.

Une new flavonoids named as notabilisin K (1), together with four known compounds, morusin (2), mulberrofuran A (3), neocyclomorusin (4) and mornigrol F (5) are separated from 95% ethanol extracts of the twigs of Morus notabilis. Compounds 2-5 are separated from this plant for the first time. Notabilisin I, notabilisin J exhibits certain effect against cells of HCT-116, HepG2 and A2780 with IC50 values ranging from 1.47 μmol x L(-1) to 5.46 μmol x L(-1). Morusin exhibits strong effect against five kinds of human cancer cells (BGC823, A2780, HCT-116, HepG2 and NCI-H1650) with IC50 values ranging from 0.74 μmol x L(-1) to 1.58 μmol x L(-1).
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; chemistry

Objective: To study the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on intestinal glucose absorption in young rats and its size effect.Methods: In the study, 63 small intestine segments were isolated from 63 Sprague-Dawley rats (SD rats, 4-week-old) to prepare the everted gut sac model.In the first part of our work, the everted sacs were exposed to 0, 50 mg/L TiO2 nanoparticles (24 nm) for 2 h with the presence of a series of glucose concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mmol/L), and the glucose absorbing function of the everted sacs were assessed in the process.On the basis of the work, utilizing the same method, further study was carried out to compare the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles (24 nm) and fine-particles (120 nm) on intestinal glucose absorbing function with the presence of 400 mmol/L glucose and 0, 10, 50, 200 mg/L TiO2.3 intestine segments were used in each group.Results: The cumulative glucose absorption increased with time extension and increased glucose concentration.In the first part of our work, with the presence of 400 mmol/L glucose, the group treated with 50 mg/L TiO2 nanoparticles showed significantly lower cumulative glucose absorption and glucose absorbing rate than the control group at the exposure time of 30 min (tcumulative absorption=3.254, P<0.05;tglucose absorbing rate=3.958, P<0.05), 90 min (tcumulative absorption=3.323, P<0.05;tglucose absorbing rate=3.063, P<0.05) and 120 min (tcumulative absorption=2.834, P<0.05;tglucose absorbing rate=3.002, P<0.05).At other glucose concentrations, statistically significant differences in cumulative glucose absorption or glucose absorbing rates were not found between the TiO2 nanoparticle exposed group and the control group.In the second part of our work, when compared with the control group, no significant downregulations in cumulative glucose absorption or glucose absorbing rates were observed in both TiO2 nano-particle treated group and TiO2 fine particle treated group.Differences between the TiO2 nanoparticle treated group and the TiO2 fine particle treated group were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Short-term exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles may downregulate the intestinal glucose absorbing function in young rats, and the difference with TiO2 fine particlesis is not obvious.

To reveal the genetic diversity and genetic structure in Artemisia annua varieties (strains) populations, we detected the genetic polymorphism within and among eight varieties (strains) populations (192 individuals) by the approach of Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT). The associated genetic parameters were calculated by POPGENE1.31 and the relationship was constructed based on UPGMA method. The results showed that, using 20 screened primers, a total of 145 bands were produced, of which 122 were polymorphic loci. At species level, there was a high level of genetic diversity among eight varieties (strains) populations (PPB = 84.1% ,H = 0.217 3 and H(sp) = 0.341 9). However, at the variety (strains) population level, genetic diversity was lower, the average of genetic parameters was PPB = 41.9%, H = 0.121 5, H(pop) = 0.186 8. The Nei's genetic differentiation coefficient was 0.441 0, indicate that most of the genetic variation in this species existed within the variety populations. The gene flow (N(m) = 0.633 9) was less among populations, indicating that the degree of genetic differentiation was higher. Genetic similarity coefficient were changed from 0.755 1 to 0.985 7. By clustering analysis, eight varieties (strains) were clustered into two major categories and it was also showed the same or similar genetic background varieties (strains) have a tendency to gather in the same group. Results suggest that, in variety breeding, breeders should strengthen the exchange of bred germplasm and increase mutual penetration of excellent genes, which would broaden the genetic base of A. annua.
Artemisia annua ; classification ; genetics ; Codon, Initiator ; genetics ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Genetic Structures ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; methods ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Species Specificity

Objective:To compare the effect of TiO 2 nanoparticles on antioxidant function and element content of liver and kidney tissues in young and adult rats .Methods:Forty-eight SD male rats , half in 4-week (youth) old and half in 9-week (adult) old rats, were randomly divided into 8 groups, which were exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles [(75 ±15) nm, anatase] through intragastric administration at 0, 10, 50 and 200 mg/kg body weight every day for 30 days.The liver and kidney tissues were collected for antioxidant function and element content analysis .Results: 200 mg/kg TiO2 nanoparticles exposure significantly increased the liver total superoxide dismutase ( T-SOD ) activity and the kidney reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratios in young rats, and significantly decreased the liver Mo, Co, Mn and P contents and the kidney Rb and Na contents in young rats .200 mg/kg TiO2 nanoparticles exposure significantly increased GSH/GSSG ratios and Rb contents and decreased Na con-tents in the liver of adult rats .No significantly difference was found in antioxidant indexes and elements content in the kidney of adult rats between three experimental groups and control group .Conclusion:TiO2 nanoparticles can enhance the antioxidant capacity and decrease the elements content in rat liver and kidney tissues .The liver is the more sensitive target organ and the young animals are more susceptible to TiO2 nanoparticles toxicity by the oral routes .

To investigate the genetic diversity among wild Dipsacus asperoides in China, 66 germplasmic resources of D. asperoides were analyzed by Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT) molecular markers. Genetic distance was calculated by TREECONW software and the systematic diagram of genetic relationship was clustered by UPGMA method. The results showed that the totals of 181 bands were detected using 20 primers , among which 109 were polymorphic bands. The average percentage of polymorphic bands was 60.13%. Genetic distance changed from 0.030 6 to 0.181 4. The clustering results showed that there was no significant correlation between the classification of the wild D. asperoides and their geographical origin. The relatively high genetic diversity of D. asperoides provides the basis for breeding new varieties.
China ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Dipsacaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Background The quantitative analysis of the relationship between the vitreous volume with diopter and axial length in high myopic eye can offer a valuable basis for relevant clinical research. However, how to measure the ocular volume in vivo is a problem. Objective This study was to measure the eyeball volumes with magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) and compare the difference of ocular volume between emmetropic and high-myopic eyes in order to explore the influent factors of changes of eyeball volumes. Methods The volumes of ocular anterior segment,lens and vitreous were measured using MRI( 1.5-T) in 60 emmetropic eyes and 60 high-myopic eyes. The ocular axial lengths of the subjects were measured by A-scan ultrasonography. The alterations of vitreous volumes with the changes of axial lengths and diopters were evaluated by linear regression analysis. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before any medical examination. Results The mean diopters of high myopic eyes was ( - 15. 62 ± 8. 27 ) D and the mean axial lengths were ( 28. 68 ± 2. 68 ) mm, showing a significantly positive correlation between them(R2=0. 830,P = 0. 000). The mean total ocular volumes were(7.46±0. 89)ml3 and those of vitreous were ( 6. 90 ± 0. 8 ) ml3 in the high-myopic eyes with a significant increase in comparison with emmetropic eyes [ ( 6. 00 ± 0. 35 ) ml3 and ( 5. 41 ±0. 32 ) ml3 ] ( t = - 11. 846, P = 0. 000; t = - 12. 1, P = 0. 000 ). However,no significant differences were found in the anterior segment volumes and lens volumes between high myopic eyes and emmetropic eyes (t = 1. 23, P = 0. 220; t = -0. 483 , P = 0. 630 ). The vitreous volumes of high myopic eyes were significantly correlated with the diopters and the axial lengths (R2 =0. 75 ,P = 0. 000 ;R2 =0. 85 ,P = 0. 000) ,and so were the total ocular volumes (R2 = 0. 7543, P = 0. 000; R2 = 0. 8413, P = 0. 000). Conclusion The alteration of vitreous volumes is a mainly cause of difference of total ocular volume in ammetropic eyes. In high myopic eye, vitreous volume has a good linear correlation with refractive error and axial length, which may offer valuable information for vitrectomy.

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; Uveitis, Anterior ; etiology

Objective Measurement of ankle brachial index (ABI) is a simple method of assessing lower limb arterial blood supply,while measurement of toe brachial index (TBI)has only been advocated as an alternative.The aim of this study was to obtain information about whether TBI should be taken in type 2 diabetes,even when ABI is normal,and to evaluate the relationship between TBI and atherosclerosis.Methods In a crosssection study,ABI,TBI,and carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) were measured on 979 outpatients with type 2 diabetes in Ruijin Hospital.Those with normal ABI (0.9 ≤ABI ＜ 1.3,n = 945) were divided into two groupsnormal TBI group(TBI≥0.6,n=893) and low TBI group(TBI＜0.6,n=52),and then the clinical and laboratory data were compared between these two groups.Furthermore,the relationship between TBI and atherosclerosis was investigated.Atherosclerosis was defined as the maximum IMT ≥ 1.1 mm.Results Low ABI and low TBI were detected in 1.3% and 6.6% of the patients,respectively.Comparison of the clinical and laboratory data between the two groups showed that age and HbA1C values were significantly higher in the low TBI group.Furthermore,TBI was inversely associated with IMT(β=-0.217,P＜0.01),an indicator for atherosclerosis of the carotid artery.Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that decline of TBI was an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis (OR=1.30,95% CI 1.01-1.69,P＜0.05).Conclusion In type 2 diabetes,the decline of TBI is associated with atherosclerosis,indicating the necessity for diabetic patients to detect TBI,even when ABI is within normal range,in order to detect peripheral artery disease in early stage,and reduce the risk for atherosclerosis.

patients. Maintenance of systolic BP<120 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) and diastolic BP<80 mm Hg may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.