Abstract: Objective　To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of rifampin-resistant real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection technology (GeneXpert MTB/RIF) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) combined with peripheral blood tuberculosis infection T cell spot test (T-SPOT) and tuberculosis antibody (TB-Ab) in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods　The clinical data of 114 cases of clinically diagnosed smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, 80 cases of non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases and 22 cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The detection results of peripheral blood T-SPOT, TB-Ab and BALF GeneXpert in the three groups were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, false negative rate, false positive rate and Youden index of the three detection methods were compared. The differences in the positive detection rate of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis between the separate detection and the combined detection of the three methods were compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). Results　The sensitivity of BALF GeneXpert and peripheral blood T-SPOT and TB-Ab was 66.91%, 80.88% and 90.44%, respectively. The specificity was 98.75%, 73.75% and 41.25%, respectively; the diagnostic coincidence rates were 78.70%, 78.24% and 72.22%, respectively, which were higher than 70.00%. In the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group, the positive detection rates of these three methods in the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group were 63.15%, 79.82% and 90.35%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those in the non-tuberculosis pulmonary disease group (all P<0.01). The positive detection rate of the three combined methods in the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group was 96.49 %, which was significantly higher than that of TB-GeneXpert method and T-SPOT, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=37.283, P<0.01; χ2=13.612, P<0.01); the Youden index of combined detection was significantly higher than that of single detection, and the AUC of combined detection was 0.977, which was significantly higher than that of single detection. Conclusion　BALF GeneXpert combined with peripheral blood T-SPOT and TB-Ab can significantly improve the diagnostic rate of bacterial-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, providing a strong basis for guiding clinical treatment.

This study was aimed to optimize the extraction technology of Shu-Feng Ding-Chuan(SFDC) granules in the Huang-Qin(HQ)group by Box-Behnken response surface methodology(RSM).With three major characteristic components (baicalin,praeruptorin A and solid content in extraction liquid),the effects of four factors,such as the concentration of ethanol,the dosage of ethanol,the duration of extraction and the extraction times,were investigated by the single factor experiment.Then,the range of parameters of key factors was further studied and explored by Box-Behnken RSM.The results of single factor experiment and Box-Behnken design showed that the optimum preparation conditionswere 8-fold 70% ethanol,extracted for 2 times,with 1.0 h per each time.Under these conditions,the transfer rates of baicalin and praeruptor in A were 89.57% and 87.90%,respectively.And the transfer rateof solid content was 32.35%.It was concluded that the single factor experiment combined with RSM can be used in theoptimization of extraction technology for SFDC granules in the HQ group.This technique wasstable and feasible,which provided scientific evidences for the industrial production.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for the leaves of Nauclea officinalis. METHODS:Microscopic identi-fication and TLC methods were used for qualitative identification of N. officinalis. The moisture and ash of medicinal materials were determined. HPLC method was adopted to determine the content of strictosamide in medicinal materials. The determination was per-formed on Lichrospher C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1 mL/min,injection volume was 10 μL. The detection wavelength was set at 226 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:Microscopic identification of the leaves of N. officinalis had strong characteristics,and TLC sports were clear and well-separated without interference from negative control. The linear range of strictosamide were 0.0105-0.21 mg/mL(r=0.9995);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0%. Average recoveries were 96.25-101.82%(RSD=1.86%,n=9). Total ash of medicinal materials was 5.27%-6.44%,acid insoluble ash was 0.23%-0.36%,water content was 9.48%-11.46%,strictosamide was 0.124%-1.003%. CONCLUSIONS:Established standard can be used for quality evaluation of N. officinalis.

This study was aimed to establish an HPLC method for the content determination ofepimedin A, epimedinB,epimedinC,epimedium glycoside,baohuosideI in epimedium flavonoids capsule. The elusion was performed on an Eclipse Plus C18column (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5μm). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water with a gradient elution. The flow rate was set at 1 mL·min-1. The detection wave length was set at 270 nm. The column temperature was 25℃. The results showed that the linear ranges of epimedin A,epimedinB,epimedinC,epimedium glycoside,baohuosideI were 3.10-62.00μg·mL-1, 5.70-114.00μg·mL-1, 9.14-182.80μg·mL-1, 15.20-304.00μg·mL-1, and 1.56-31.20μg·mL-1, respectively. The correlation coefficientr was more than 0.999 3. The average recoveries were 101.06% (RSD = 1.05%,n = 6), 100.78% (RSD = 1.08%,n = 6), 99.17% (RSD = 1.14%,n = 6), 100.23% (RSD = 0.68%,n = 6), and 99.09% (RSD = 1.30%,n = 6), respectively. This experiment was precise, reproducible and stable. It was concluded that the method was simple and accurate, which provided a certain reference value for the multi-component assaying of epimedium flavonoids capsule.

Objective We undertook this study to analyze anxiety in tinnitus patients .Methods The partici‐pants were recruited from patients seeking treatment for primary tinnitus and were asked to complete self rating anx‐iety scale(SAS)and Chinese (Mandarin) tinnitus handicap inventory(THI -CM) .Results A total of 224 tinnitus patients were included in the study .The mean score of SAS was 46 ± 2 .55 .The average SAS score among different degrees of anxiety (no ,mild ,moderate ,severe) participants were 65 .63% ,20 .54% ,8 .04% ,5 .80% .The average SAS score for male and female were 46 .35 ± 12 .81 ,46 .28 ± 12 .40 ,respectively .No statistic differences were ob‐served among different genders whenever the degrees of anxiety and different ages (p>0 .01) .The mean SAS scores among young ,middle ,old age groups were 47 .72 ± 12 .80 ,44 .56 ± 12 .83 ,40 .28 ± 7 .24 ,respectively .The pearson correlation between tinnitus duration and the score of SAS was 0 .36(P=0 .594) .The pearson correlation between the scores of THI-CM and SAS was 0 .548(P<0 .01) .Conclusion Most tinnitus participants had mild or didn't have anxiety .Only 13 .84% participants have moderate or severe anxiety .Tinnitus handicap degree increased with the increase of anxiety .No anxiety difference was observed among different sex ,tinnitus duration and age groups . The anxiety of young age group was more severe than that of old groups .

OBJECTIVEAdenovirus vector-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (ADV-TK) transfer in combination with ganiciclovir (GCV) is one of the major gene therapy strategies to eradicate tumor cells. This study was aimed at determining the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of ADV-TK in combination with ganiciclovir (GCV).

METHODSA murine xenotransplant model of human small-cell lung cancer was established. ADV-TK was administrated by intra-tumoral injection followed by intraperitoneal administration of GCV. The anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated using index of tumor volume, relative tumor volume, tumor weight, relative tumor proliferative rate, and tumor growth curve.

RESULTSIn the presence of GCV, ADV-TK effectively inhibited growth of human small-cell lung cancer in a dose-dependent fashion. An inhibition plateau was not observed within the current dosage range. ADV-TK at a dose of 6.0 x 10(9) viral particles/kg in the presence of GCV lead to 64.6% and 81.7% inhibition of tumor growth respectively in two independent experiments. ADV-TK or GCV alone caused slight inhibition of tumor growth, which was not statistically significant as compared to the negative control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONADV-TK followed by GCV is highly efficacious to inhibit the growth of human small-cell lung cancer in a murine xenotransplant model. The results presented here are encouraging to warrant a further clinical evaluation of the potential therapeutic benefits of this strategy.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; therapy ; Female ; Ganciclovir ; therapeutic use ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Simplexvirus ; enzymology ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVETo summarize the therapeutic effect of multiple types of posterior interosseous artery flaps for repair of soft tissue defects in the upper extremities.

METHODSFrom March 2003 to June 2010, 42 cases with soft tissue defects in the upper limbs resulting from burn and traumatic injuries were treated using multiple types of posterior interosseous artery flaps, including retrograde flaps and composite flaps, antegrade flaps ,and free flaps. Flap size ranged from 2.5 cm x 2.0 cm-14.0 cm x 9.0 cm. The defects in the donor sites were closed directly or covered by skin graft.

RESULTSThe conventional retrograde posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 11 cases, the modified retrograde posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 13 cases, the retrograde posterior interosseous artery composite flaps incorporating partial extensors were used in 2 cases, the antegrade posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 3 cases, the free posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 7 cases, and the free perforator flap based on the radiodorsal septocutaneous perforator of the posterior interosseous artery were used in 6 cases. Partial necrosis happened in one case at the distal portion of the flap. Muscular branch of the posterior interosseous nerve was injured in one case with conventional reverse posterior interosseous artery flaps. All the other flaps survived uneventually with no complication. All wounds were primarily healed. 32 cases were followed up for 1 to 48 months with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results both in the donor sites and in the recipient areas. The color,texture and thickness of the flaps were satisfied as well.

CONCLUSIONSThe posterior interosseous artery flap has a constant vascular anatomy and a great flexibility, which is practical and suitable for repair of Soft tissue defect in the upper extremities arising from burn and traumatic injury.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; surgery ; Female ; Forearm ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Transplantation ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDbevacizumab is a humanized recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody, which specifically binds to VEGF and inhibits tumor cell growth, proliferation and metastasis. We aimed to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab in Chinese patients with advanced cancer.

METHODSThirty-nine Chinese patients with metastatic or relapsed cancers who failed prior therapy were enrolled in this phase I study of bevacizumab. Bevacizumab was infused by a calculated pump at doses from 5 mg/kg to 15 mg/kg in 90 minutes. Patients underwent serial pharmacokinetic evaluations. Patients that received at least one infusion of bevacizumab were included in the safety study.

RESULTSThirty-five patients finished all 5 infusions following protocol. One patient withdrew after 3 infusions due to grade 3 proteinuria. Common adverse events possibly related to the study drug were proteinuria (17/39, 43.6%), hypertension (13/39, 33.3%), gingival bleeding (7/39, 17.9%), epistaxis (6/39, 15.4%), pharyngeal inflammation (6/39, 15.4%), fatigue (6/39, 15.4%) and stomatitis (4/39, 10.3%). Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics was linear within the range of 5 mg/kg q2w--10 mg/kg q2w and 15 mg/kg q3w. CL (clearance), Vd (volume of distribution at elimination) and Vss (volume of distribution at steady state) were similar after single and multiple doses at 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg.

CONCLUSIONSBevacizumab is well tolerated in Chinese patients. No unexpected adverse events were observed. There is no racial difference in the pharmacokinetics.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bevacizumab ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the change pattern of substance P (SP) in the portal vein during the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), and its physiologic significance; the influence of external splanchnic nerve of rectum and anal to the RAIR.

METHODSThe rats were divided into seven groups, among them there were six groups, which were first divided into two big groups according to whether the external splanchnic nerve to the rectum and anal were cut off, one is no cut-off external splanchnic nerve group, the other is cut-off external splanchnic nerve group. Each group were further divided, according to the distance of the balloon-sac on Foley's tube in the rectum away from anal verge, into 2, 4, 6 centimeter groups; A control group with Foley's tube put into the rectum, but the balloon-sac on Foley's tube did not pumped up with water. Measure and compare the value and change of SP in the portal vein during the RAIR.

RESULTSThe comparison of SP in portal vein, among the 2, 4 centimeter groups with cut-off external splanchnic nerve, all groups with intact external splanchnic nerve supply and control group, had no statistic difference (P>0.05). The comparison between the 6 centimeter group with intact external splanchnic nerve group and the 2, 4 centimeter groups with cut-off external splanchnic nerve, P<0.01, the statistic difference was significant. The comparison between 6 centimeter group of intact and cut-off external splanchnic nerve, P<0.01, the difference was significant.

CONCLUSIONThe reason for the stimulation on upper rectum dose not induce the RAIR is related with this stimulation result in the release of SP, the exciting mediator to internal sphincter. The external splanchnic nerve supply of rectum and anal canal have influence on the change of SP of the portal vein during RAIR.

Anal Canal ; physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Portal Vein ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rectum ; physiology ; Substance P ; metabolism