Different teaching methods were chosen based on different teaching contents in pharmacological theory teaching.Then teaching contents seem simple,interesting and acceptable.The students were more interested in the subject.The results of investiga- tion showed that teaching quality had improved through using this technology.

Objective To retrospeetivley explore the expanded radicM resectable range and improved Surgical approach of the progressive pancreatic head cancer with metastasis of portal vein(PV) and liver,and try to improve the resectable rate.survival rate and quality of life.Methods The patients witll late pancreatic cancer sis of partial PV resection and 8 cases of left leaf or right leaf sectional hepatectomy partial were involved in 27 cases,reconstructed gastrointestinal tract with improved Whipple interposed Y-type jejunostomy and PV.27 cases were randomly divided into intervention chemotherapy of treatment groups(n=13) and control groups(n=14).Results Severe complications or dead cases were not found in 27 cases after operation.The 2-,3-,5-years survival rates were 61.5%,38.4%,23.0%,and 42.8%,21.4%,14.3% in treatment group and control group,respectively.The survival rate was statistically different(P<0.05).Conclusions The expanded radical pancreatoduodenectomy and its improved surgical approach can improve not only the survival rate but also the quality of life.

Aim To investigate the effect of hypercholesterolemia on L-type Ca2+(ICa-L) current and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in single ventricular myocytes of hypercholesterolemic rats.Methods 12 male wistar rats were randomly divided into two dietary groups:a group fed a normal diet(n=6)and a group fed high-cholesterol diet(n=6) for 4 weeks,respectively. The level of serum lipid was examined.Zymolytic method was used to isolate single ventricular myocytes from hypercholesterolemic and normal rats,which were loaded with Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator Fluo-3/AM.[Ca2+]i represented by fluorescent intensity(FI)was measured by laser scanning confocal microscope.Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record ICa-L.Results There was no significant influence exhibited on TG level.However, the serum total cholesterol(TC)level of hypercholesterolemic rats was much higher than that of model control group; at the test potential of 0 mV, ICa-L decreased from(-8.56?1.29)pA/pF(Control)to(-5.24?0.90) pA/pF(HC)(n=6 in each group,P

Nanoparticles have better applicability in the detection, treatment of cancer and various difficult diseases, but mononuclear phagocytosis system can seriously shorten the time of nanoparticles in vivo circulation, reduce the drug efficacy. The protein crown formed on the surface of the nanoparticle after entering the body can change its surface properties, interfere with the recognition of phagocytes, and thus affect its circulation time in vivo. This article outlines the general composition and formation process of protein crowns. It also summarizes the influence of the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles, such as particle size, surface charge, hydrophilicity and surface materials on the formation of protein crowns. The protein crown affects the circulation of nanoparticles in vivo, mainly because the adsorbed opsonic protein promotes cell phagocytosis. Therefore, we also introduce the method of using protein crowns to promote the long circulation of nanoparticles in vivo. By designing appropriate physical and chemical properties, surface modification, and directed design of protein crowns, the adsorption of proteins on the surface of nanoparticles can be reduced. Therefore, it can reduce the clearance of nanoparticles in the mononuclear phagocytic system (mainly the phagocytes of the liver and spleen), and achieve the goal of long circulation of nanoparticles in the body.

Based on the genomic sequence of NDV08-004 strain (GenBank accession number FJ794269), seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify the genomic fragments by RT-PCR and cloned into pGEM-Teasy vector. The fragments (named A to G) were sub-cloned into transcription vector pOLTV5 according to the universal RE site and the plasmid named NDV08-004-pO which contained the full length cDNA of NDV08-004 strain was constructed. Three helper plasmids (pCI-NP, pCI-P and pCI-L) together with NDV08-004-pO were co-transfected into BSR T7/5 cells, and the transfection supernatant was inoculated into SPF embryonated eggs to rescue the virus. The virus was rescued successfully and identified by HA and RT-PCR and sequencing. The rescue system constructed in this study provided a good foundation for the further related research.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chick Embryo ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Newcastle Disease ; virology ; Newcastle disease virus ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Reverse Genetics ; methods

OBJECTIVENumber and function of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease (KD) model were evaluated to investigate therapeutic efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).

METHODC57BL/6 mice were injected with L. casei cell wall extract (LCWE); 48 mice were divided into 3 groups randomly: KD model group; G-CSF treated model group and control group, 16 in each. G-CSF was subcutaneously injected from day 5 to day 9 after injection of LCWE. Coronary artery lesion, number of circulating EPC and the function of bone marrow EPC were evaluated.

RESULTIn model group, inflammatory infiltration was found around coronary artery at 14 days. The number of circulating EPC was significantly decreased in model group (0.017% ± 0.008%) compared to control (0.028% ± 0.007%) (t = 2.037, P < 0.05). Disruption of elastin was consistently observed at 56 days. Stimulated by G-CSF, inflammatory infiltration was found around the coronary artery at day 14, while the number of circulating EPC (0.042% ± 0.015%) was increased significantly compared to models (t = 4.629, P < 0.05). At the day 56, the number of circulating EPC was decreased slightly (0.029% ± 0.012%), but still higher than the model group (t = 2.789, P < 0.05), and have no significant difference compared to controls (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no elastin disruption in the G-CSF group. In model group, bone marrow EPC's proliferation ability of absorbance (A value) was 0.38 ± 0.09 in thiazolyl blue assay, less than controls (0.61 ± 0.14, P < 0.01). Adhesion and migration function were down-regulated compared to controls [(3.1 ± 0.6) cells/HPF and (3.3 ± 0.6) cells/HPF vs. (6.4 ± 1.2) cells/HPF and (6.2 ± 0.5) cells/HPF, both P < 0.01]. In the G-CSF treated group, proliferation ability (A 0.58 ± 0.10), adhesion [(6.17 ± 1.13) cells/HPF], migration [(6.29 ± 0.42) cells/HPF] function were increased significantly compared to the model group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONG-CSF can up-regulate EPC number and function to prevent coronary artery lesion in mice model of KD.

Animals ; Coronary Vessels ; drug effects ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo explore Effects of marine collagen peptides (MCPs) on markers of metablic nuclear receptors, i.e peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARs), liver X receptor (LXRs) and farnesoid X receptor (FXRs) in type 2 diabetic patients with/without hypertension. METHOD Study population consisted of 200 type 2 diabetic patients with/without hypertension and 50 healthy subjects, all of whom were randomly assigned to MCPs-treated diabetics (n = 50), placebo-treated diabetics (n = 50), MCPs-treated diabetics with hypertension (n=50), placebo-treated diabetics with hypertension (n = 50), and healthy controls (n = 50). MCPs or placebo (water-soluble starch) were given daily before breakfast and bedtime over three months. Levels of free fatty acid, cytochrome P450, leptin, resistin, adiponectin, bradykinin, NO, and Prostacyclin were determined before intervention, and 1.5 months, and 3 months after intervention. Hypoglycemia and the endpoint events during the study were recorded and compared among the study groups.

RESULTAt the end of the study period, MCPs-treated patients showed marked improvement compared with patients receiving placebo. The protection exerted by MCPs seemed more profound in diabetics than in diabetics with hypertension. In particular, after MCPs intervention, levels of free fatty acid, hs-CRP, resistin, Prostacyclin decreased significantly in diabetics and tended to decrease in diabetic and hypertensive patients whereas levels of cytochrome P450, leptin, NO tended to decrease in diabetics with/without hypertension. Meanwhile, levels of adiponectin and bradykinin rose markedly in diabetics following MCPs administration.

CONCLUSIONMCPs could offer protection against diabetes and hypertension by affecting levels of molecules involved in diabetic and hypertensive pathogenesis. Regulation on metabolic nuclear receptors by MCPs may be the possible underlying mechanism for its observed effects in the study. Further study into its action may shed light on development of new drugs based on bioactive peptides from marine sources.

Adipokines ; blood ; Aged ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Bradykinin ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Collagen ; therapeutic use ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Epoprostenol ; blood ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Marine Biology ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Peptides ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissues, and understand its clinical significance.

METHODSReversal transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of COX-2 mRNA in 52 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissues and 17 cases of normal bladder tissues far from neoplasm; Western blot was used to assess the expression of COX-2 protein in 49 cases of bladder cancerous tissues and 17 cases of normal tissues.

RESULTSPositive expression of COX-2 mRNA was detected in 83% (43/52) of bladder cancer tissues and in 29% (5/17) of normal tissues by RT-PCR and there was significant difference in expression of COX-2 mRNA between cancer tissues and normal tissues. Western blot analysis showed that expression of COX-2 protein was correlation with the stage and grade of cancer.

CONCLUSIONCOX-2 is overexpressed in bladder transitional cell carcinoma. COX-2 maybe play a certain role in carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer and turn into a useful target of chemoprevention of bladder cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; enzymology ; pathology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Urinary Bladder ; enzymology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology

BACKGROUNDThe feasibility of completing a lobectomy by completely video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (cVATS) in the management of bronchiectasis is unclear. By retrospectively comparing the outcomes from the lobectomies that used thoracotomy vs. cVATS, we determined the appropriateness of the minimally invasive cVATS approach in the management of bronchiectasis.

METHODSBetween June 2001 and October 2010, 60 patients with bronchiectasis underwent surgery, of which 56 lobectomies were performed. All lobectomies were carried out by either thoracotomy or cVATS approach. Pulmonary vessels and bronchi were manipulated by ligation or stapler in the thoracotomy group, while they were dissected by endo-cutters in the cVATS group.

RESULTSThere were 21 patients in the thoracotomy group and 35 patients in the cVATS group. Two cVATS patients (5.7%) converted. The difference in operation time, chest tube duration, lengths of hospitalization, and morbidity were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). The blood loss was less in the cVATS group (P = 0.015). A total of 52.4% and 62.9% of patients were postoperatively asymptomatic in the thoracotomy and cVATS groups respectively, and symptomatic improvement was obtained in 38.1% patients by thoracotomy vs. 31.4% patients by cVATS.

CONCLUSIONcVATS lobectomy is safe and effective for the management of bronchiectasis, especially for the patients with localized lesions.

Adult ; Bronchiectasis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate technique aspects of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for benign diseases.

METHODSRetrospective review of 24 patients with benign pulmonary disease underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy from September 2006 to September 2008. One patient had bilateral bronchiectasis received concurrent bilateral lobectomy. The patients included 11 males and 13 females with mean age of 49.0 years. Fifteen cases were diagnosed as benign diseases preoperatively consisted 10 bronchiectasis as the primary indication. The other 9 cases were pulmonary nodules pathologic diagnosed intra-operatively. Inflammation changes including dense plural adhesions, pulmonary artery adhesions and calcified lymph nodes were managed endoscopically.

RESULTSAll 25 thoracoscopic procedures were completely with no conversion to thoracotomy. The mean operation time was (163 +/- 52) min, blood loss was (163 +/- 130) ml. There was no hospital death or major morbidity. Postoperative drainage was (5.8 +/- 2.8) d. No long-term complications were noticed during a mean follow-up of 7.3 months.

CONCLUSIONChronic inflammation induced adhesions is the key limiting factor for thoracoscopic lobectomy for benign diseases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracoscopy ; Young Adult