Objective To investigate oxygen nebulizer usage among inpatients in an upper first‐class hospital so that this de‐vice can be used by medical personnel and patients properly .Methods Totally 409 patients were investigated about the usage of the device from May 12th to 30th 2014 ,whose outcomes were analyzed by Excel2007 software .Results The total liquid volume of in‐halation on prescription was much larger than the favorable one ,ranging from 4 to 6 mL .And the Oxygen flow ,ranging from 2 .5 to 3 .5 L/min ,was much lower than the normal flow (ranging from 6 to 8 L/min) .In addition ,all patients failed to breathe normally with occasional deep breaths and failed to gargle timely after corticosteroid inhalation .Only 3% patients cleaned their faces after corticosteroid inhalation ,43 .5% patients sit in an upright position ,44 .0% patients kept the nebulizer vertical during treatment .The accuracy rates of mouthpiece position ,the right time to stop nebulizer therapy ,rinsing the nebulizer with sterile or distilled water and allowing to air dry were 95 .1% ,99 .2% ,and 99 .3% ,respectively .Conclusion There are many common patient use nebulizer incorrectlly in the upper first‐class hospital ,and education and guidance by medical personnel should be strengthened .

Advances in mechanism and application of the heating effect in breeding of microorganism are reviewed in this paper. Heat produces mutagenesis effect and screening effect. Heating mutagenesis effect is occurred through the substitution of G-C base pair induced by heat, and heating screening effect produces higher forward mutation rate induced by other mutagens.

One of the hot spots of nanomaterials research is the preparation of carbon-dots ( C-dots) by simple steps with cheap raw materials and looking for its potential application. In this study, coal-based C-dots was prepared from coal mined of Wucaiwan in Xinjiang by mixed acids ( H2 SO4+HNO3 )/ultrasound treatment, and at the same time of structural characterization, the coal-based C-dots were used as fluorescent probe to detect metal ions in water. It was found that the coal-based C-dots were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with particle size of (8±4) nm linked with oxygen-containing groups such as nitro group, possessing the annulus wall of multilayer graphene fragment structures built up by sp2 carbons. This endowed the coal-based C-dots with good dispersity in water, high absorbance and strong fluorescence. The coal-based C-dots were used as viable probes in that their fluorescence was selectively quenching by CuⅡ. The finding was exploited to design a fluorometric assay for CuⅡ with a detection limit of 9. 6 nmol/L.

BACKGROUNDCathepsin S and its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, especially in the plaque destabilization and rupture leading to acute coronary syndrome. However, whether circulating cathepsin S and cystatin C also change in association with coronary plaque morphology is unknown yet.

METHODSWe recruited 98 patients with unstable angina (UA, n = 6) or stable angina (SA, n = 2) who had a segmental stenosis resulting in > 20% and < 70% diameter reduction in one major coronary artery on coronary angiography. Thirty-one healthy subjects served as controls. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to evaluate plaque morphology. Plasma cathepsin S and cystatin C were measured as well.

RESULTSAt the culprit lesion site, plaque area ((7.85 +/- 2.83) mm(2) vs (6.53 +/- 2.92) mm(2), P = 0.027), plaque burden ((60.92 +/- 11.04)% vs (53.87 +/- 17.52)%, P = 0.025), remodeling index (0.93 +/- 0.16 vs 0.86 +/- 0.10, P = 0.004) and eccentricity index (0.74 +/- 0.17 vs 0.66 +/- 0.21, P = 0.038) were bigger in UA group than in SA group. Plasma cathepsin S and cystatin C were significantly higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.01). Plasma cathepsin S was higher in UA group ((0.411 +/- 0.121) nmol/L) than in SA group ((0.355 +/- 0.099) nmol/L, P = 0.007), so did the plasma cystatin C ((0.95 +/- 0.23) mg/L in UA group, (0.84 +/- 0.22) mg/L in SA group; P = 0.009). Plasma cathepsin S positively correlated with remodeling index (r = 0.402, P = 0.002) and eccentricity index (r = 0.441, P = 0.001), and plasma cystatin C positively correlated with plaque area (r = 0.467, P < 0.001) and plaque burden (r = 0.395, P = 0.003) in UA group but not in SA group.

CONCLUSIONSPlasma cathepsin S and cystatin C increased significantly in UA patients. In angina patients, higher plasma cathepsin S may suggest the presence of vulnerable plaque, and higher plasma cystatin C may be a clue for larger atherosclerotic coronary plaque.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cathepsins ; blood ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Cystatin C ; blood ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; methods

Objective To study the routine examination of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and determine the contents of lappacontine and ranaconitine; To provide basis for establishing the quality standard of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai.Methods Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were collected from different areas.A method of TLC was used for qualitative discrimination. The methods in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were adopted for the determination of moisture content, ash content and extractives. Determination of lappacontine and ranaconitine were performed by HPLC. Results The TLC showed that the spots were clear and the separation was good. Individual provisional standards:the moisture,total ash and acid-insoluble ash content of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were not more than 11.0%, 12.0%, and 7.0%, respectively; water soluble and alcohol soluble extractives were not less than 18.2% and 10.6%,respectively.The content of ranaconitine and lappacontine in Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were not less than 0.125% and 0.815%, respectively. Conclusion The method established by the study is accurate and reliable,and can be used for quality evaluation of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the reason of coronary artery aneurysmal dilations in patients after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation.

METHODSLate localized aneurysmal dilations post PCI were evidenced in 4 patients (age 69.5 +/- 3.5 years, 3 males) during follow-up (24.8 +/- 1.8 months). Nine stents were implanted into 7 diseased vessels: 5 Cypher select stents in LAD; 2 Firebird stents and 1 Pixel stent in LCX; 1 Cypher select stent in RCA. Clopidogrel (75 mg/d) was used for one year.

RESULTSAll stents were implanted successfully after predilation. No acute or subacute in-stent thrombosis and MACE was recorded. Follow-up angiogram imaging at 12 months after stenting was normal in all patients. Chest pain reoccurred in these 4 patients at 16, 18, and 22 months post stent implantation and patients were rehospitalized and treated with clopidogrel, asprine, and intravenous nitroglycerin. Angiography showed aneurysmal segment at the stented site of LAD in 3 patients, and at RCA in 1 patient. The symptom disappeared after 3 days intravenous tirofiban treatments and discharged without in-hospital complications. Patients remained symptom-free 3 - 6 months post discharge.

CONCLUSIONLate localized aneurysmal dilations after sirolimus-eluting stents are related to reoccurred angina pectoris post PCI.

Aged ; Coronary Artery Disease ; therapy ; Coronary Restenosis ; therapy ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sirolimus ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of polymorphisms of metabolic and DNA repair enzyme genes and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes in coke-oven workers.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-four coke-oven workers and 50 controls were recruited in this study. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels were measured as the internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure. DNA damage was detected by alkaline comet assay, and the value of 1.74 was used as the cut-off value to determine whether the individual's DNA damage was positive. The genotypes of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTP1, NQO1, mEH and XRCC1 were determined by PCR-based methods. With adjustment for urinary 1-OHP, age, sex, multiple analysis of covariance was used to study the association between genotypes and the ln-transformed olive TM and multiple logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted OR and the 95% CI for the risk of DNA damage.

RESULTSIn 144 coke-oven workers, with adjustment for urinary 1-OHP, coking history and sex, the olive TM was significantly higher with XRCC1 280His allele than those with Arg allele (5.6 vs. 2.8, P < 0.01). The subjects with XRCC1 280His allele also have significantly higher risk for DNA damage than subjects with Arg allele (adjusted OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.00-7.14, P = 0.05) and the subjects with GSTP1 104Val allele have higher risk for DNA damage than subjects with Ile allele (adjusted OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 0.94-3.85, P = 0.07).

CONCLUSIONXRCC1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms might influence the susceptibility of DNA damage in occupational PAH-exposed coke-oven workers.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Coke ; poisoning ; Comet Assay ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; DNA Damage ; DNA Ligase ATP ; DNA Ligases ; genetics ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; genetics ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) ; genetics ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; methods ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Status Epilepticus ; pathology ; therapy ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDMyocardial perfusion associates with clinical syndromes and prognosis. Adenosine could improve myocardial perfusion of acute myocardial infarction within 6 hours, but few data are available on late perfusion of myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed at quantitatively evaluating the value of intracoronary adenosine improving myocardial perfusion in late reperfused MI with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE).

METHODSTwenty-six patients with anterior wall infarcts were divided randomly into 2 groups: adenosine group (n = 12) and normal saline group (n = 14). Their history of myocardial infarction was about 3 - 12 weeks. Adenosine or normal saline was given when the guiding wire crossed the lesion through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), then the balloon was dilated and stent (Cypher/Cypher select) was implanted at the lesion. Contrast pulse sequencing MCE with Sonovue contrast via the coronary route was done before PCI and 30 minutes after PCI. Video densitometry and contrast filled-blank area were calculated with the CUSQ off-line software. Heart function and cardiac events were followed up within 30 days.

RESULTSPerfusion in the segments of the criminal occlusive coronary artery in the adenosine group was better than that in the saline group (5.71 +/- 0.29 vs 4.95 +/- 1.22, P < 0.05). Ischemic myocardial segment was deminished significantly after PCI, but the meliorated area was bigger in the adenosine group than in the saline group ((1.56 +/- 0.60) cm(2) vs (1.02 +/- 0.56) cm(2), P < 0.05). The video densitometry in critical segments was also improved significantly in the adenosine group (5.53 +/- 0.36 vs 5.26 +/- 0.35, P < 0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was improved in all patients after PCI, but EF was not significant between the two groups ((67 +/- 6)% vs (62 +/- 7)%, P > 0.05). There was no in-hospital or 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in the adenosine group but 3 MACE in the saline group in 30 days after PCI.

CONCLUSIONSAdenosine could improve myocardial microvascular perfusion in the late reopening of an occluded infarct related artery (3 to 12 weeks after AMI) and clinical outcome in the follow-up period, and myocardial microvascular perfusion is a powerful predictor of clinical events.

Adenosine ; administration & dosage ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Circulation ; drug effects ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Ventricular Function, Left

BACKGROUNDMany patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) develop recurrent angina (RA) during hospitalization. The aim of this non-randomized, prospective study was to investigate the predictive factors of RA in unselected patients with ACS enrolled in the global registry acute coronary events (GRACE) during hospitalization in China.

METHODSBetween March 2001 and October 2004, enrolled were 1433 patients with ACS, including ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (662, 46.2%), non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (239, 16.7%) and unstable angina (532, 37.1%). The demographic distribution, medical history and clinical data were collected to investigate the predictive factors of RA by Logistic regression.

RESULTSDuring hospitalization 275 (19.2%) patients were documented with RA including unstable angina (53.2%), non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (27.5%), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (19.3%). A comorbidity of dyslipidemia, prior angina, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 6 months was more common in patients with RA, P < 0.05. In the patients with RA, a significantly higher proportion of patients with acute pulmonary edema was observed, 23 (8.4%) versus 43 (3.7%), P = 0.001. Acute renal failure was present in 8 (2.9%) of patients with RA versus 19 (1.6%) of patients without RA, P = 0.165. Hemorrhagic events were present in 6 (2.2%) of patients with RA versus 8 (0.7%) of patients without RA, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation events in 12 patients (4.3%) versus 22 patients (1.9%), congestive heart failure in 69 patients (25.0%) versus 94 patients (8.1%), myocardial re-infarction in 28 patients (10.1%) versus 15 patients (1.3%), P < 0.05, respectively. A lower proportion of patients with RA underwent in-hospital PCI, 687 (59.3%) versus 114 (41.5%), P = 0.000. A higher proportion of patients with RA received heparin, 260 (94.5%) versus 1035 (89.4%), P = 0.006; and beta-blockers 176 (64.0%) versus 864 (74.5%), P = 0.000. Multivarible regression analysis showed that RA was associated with prior angina (OR 2.086, 95% CI 1.466 - 2.967), in-hospital PCI (OR 0.579, 95% CI 0.431 - 0.778), in-hospital congestive heart failure (OR 2.410, 95% CI 1.634 - 3.555), myocardial re-infarction (OR 7.695, 95% CI 3.701 - 15.999), beta-blocker (OR 0.626, 95% CI 0.458 - 0.855), and heparin (OR 3.411, 95% CI 1.604 - 7.382).

CONCLUSIONSIn-hospital congestive heart failure, myocardial re-infarction, prior angina history and use of heparin are stronger independent predictors of RA; beta-blockers and PCI are also important predictive factors for RA.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Angina Pectoris ; etiology ; therapy ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Registries