1.Bacterial Disinfectant Resistance
Yu-Bin XING ; Ji-Jiang SUO ; Ming JIA ; Hua WEI ; Yun-E YUAN ;
Microbiology 1992;0(03):-
Bacterial disinfectant resistance is the phenomenon that minimal inhibitory concentration or minimal bactericidal concentration of a certain disinfectant increases after a certain bacterium contacts with it many times. It exists widespread. Many species of bacteria are may resistant to a certain disinfectant, and a species of bacterium is may resistant to many disinfectant Disinfectant selectivity pressure is the extrinsic agent of bacterial disinfectant resistance. Resistance mechanisms include bacterial biochemistry structure, genetics pathway and enzymology pathway. There is relationship in disinfectant resistance and drug resistance. We should strengthen study and monitoring, enact unified standard and application specification to reduce bacterial disinfectant resistance.
2.Study on untargeted metabolomics of Codonopsis pilosula from different producing areas based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem high resolution mass spectrometry
Yuan-jing NIU ; Jia-qi WEN ; Hui-xin JI ; Jian-kuan LI ; Min GAO ; Yun-e BAI ; Jian-ping GAO
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2023;58(7):1842-1850
Lu Dangshen, a traditional authentic medicinal material of Codonopsis Radix is mainly produced in Shangdang (Changzhi) area of Shanxi Province. Baitiao Dangshen is mainly produced in Gansu Province. Codonopsis Radix contains many kinds of components such as phenylpropanoids, polyalkynes, alkaloids, terpenes, fatty acids, flavonoids, and so on. At present, the effect of producing areas on its chemical compositions has not been systematically studied. This study analyzed the differences of metabolites among
3.Immunomodulatory effects of betulinic acid from the bark of white birch on mice.
Jin E YI ; Bozena OBMINSKA-MRUKOWICZ ; Li Yun YUAN ; Hui YUAN
Journal of Veterinary Science 2010;11(4):305-313
The objective of this study was to explore the immunomodulatory effects of betulinic acid (BA) extracted from the bark of white birch on mice. Female mice were orally administered BA for 14 days in doses of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg body weight. We found that BA significantly enhanced the thymus and spleen indices, and stimulated lymphocyte proliferation induced by Concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide as shown by MTT assay. Flow cytometry revealed that BA increased the percentage of CD4+ cells in thymus as well as the percentage of CD19+ and the ratios of CD4+/CD8+ in spleen. BA increased the number of plaque-forming cell and macrophage phagocytic activity as indicated by a neutral red dye uptake assay, and the peritoneal macrophages levels of TNF-alpha were also increased. In contrast, serum levels of IgG and IgM and serum concentrations of IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly decreased in BA-treated mice compared to the control as assayed by haemagglutination tests and ELISA, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that BA enhances mouse cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and activity of macrophages. Thus, BA is a potential immune stimulator and may strengthen the immune response of its host.
Adaptive Immunity/*drug effects
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Animals
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Betula/*chemistry
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Cell Proliferation/drug effects
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Cytokines/blood
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Female
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Immunity, Innate/*drug effects
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Immunologic Factors/*pharmacology
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Macrophages/drug effects
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Mice
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Phagocytosis/drug effects
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Random Allocation
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Spleen/cytology
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Thymus Gland/cytology
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Triterpenes/*pharmacology
4.Three subanaesthetic dose ketamines mixed with butorphanol in the postoperative continuous intravenous analgesia.
Yuan ZHAO ; Qu-lian GUO ; Zhong ZHANG ; E WANG ; Yun-chuan XIONG ; Wang-yuan ZOU
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) 2008;33(3):266-269
OBJECTIVE:
To determine an optimal clinical dose of ketamine after comparing the efficacy and security of 3 low dose ketamines mixed with butorphanol in the postoperative continuous intravenous analgesia.
METHODS:
Eighty ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I-II patients scheduled for elective gynecological surgery under general anesthesia were divided randomly into 4 groups (n=20): Group B received butorphanol 3 microg/(kg x h);Group BK1 received butorphanol 2 microg/(kg x h) mixed with ketamine 60 microg/(kg x h); Group BK2 received butorphanol 2 microg/(kg x h) mixed with ketamine 90 microg/(kg.h); and Group BK3 received butorphanol 2 microg/(kg x h) mixed with ketamine 120 microg/(kg x h). Continuous intravenous infusion pump was used when the patients had obvious pain (visual analgesia scale of five), and the bolus infusion (4 mL) was given before the operation, and continuous infusion at 2 mL/h. In the postoperative period, pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) at 2,6,12,24, and 48 h.At the same time, Ramsay scores and adverse effects were recorded.
RESULTS:
There was no significant difference in the adverse effects and the postoperative mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate values, and pulse oxygen among the 4 groups. Postoperative VAS values in Group BK3 was the lowest, followed by Group BK2. There was no significant difference between Group BK1 and Group B. The incidence of somnolence in Group B was higher than that in Group BK1, BK2 and BK3(P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Ketamine in subanaesthetic dose added to butorphanol for postoperative continuous intravenous infusion has a better postoperative analgesic effect and sedation. It can effectively spare butorphanol consumption without increasing adverse effects. The optimal combined dose is 90-120 microg/(kg x h).
Adult
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Analgesia
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methods
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Analgesics
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administration & dosage
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Butorphanol
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administration & dosage
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Drug Therapy, Combination
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Female
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Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
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Humans
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Infusions, Intravenous
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Ketamine
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administration & dosage
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Pain, Postoperative
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drug therapy
5.Effect of triptolide on expressions of Notch receptors and ligands in rats with adjuvant- induced arthritis and reduced pulmonary function.
Lei WAN ; Jian LIU ; Chuan-Bing HUANG ; Xi CHEN ; Yuan WANG ; Wan-Dong ZHANG ; Lei LIU ; Yuan-Yuan CHENG ; Yun-Xia FENG
Journal of Southern Medical University 2015;35(10):1390-1394
OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of triptolide on Notch receptor and ligand expressions in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA).
METHODSForty rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, model (MC) group, methotrexate group and triptolide groups. Rat models of AA were established by an intradermal injection of 0.1 mL Freund's complete adjuvant into the right paw. Twelve days after the injection, the rats were treated with corresponding drugs for 30 days; the rats in NC group and MC group were given saline only. Paw edema volume (E), arthritis index (AI), pulmonary function, histomorphologies, and Notch receptor/ ligand expression in the lung tissue were analyzed after the treatments.
RESULTSCompared with the NC group, E, AI, Notch3, Notch4, and Delta1 expressions in the lung tissues significantly increased while pulmonary function and pulmonary expressions of Notch1, Jagged1, and Jagged2 significantly decreased the model rats (P<0.01). Compared with the MC group, triptolide-treated rats showed significantly improved pulmonary functions, increased expressions of Notch1, Jagged1, and Jagged2 and decreased expressions of Notch3, Notch4, and Delta1 in the lungs (P<0.05, P<0.01); the therapeutic effect of triptolide was better than that of methotrexate.
CONCLUSIONTriptolide can reduce inflammatory reaction and immune complex deposition to improve joint and pulmonary symptoms in rats with AA possibly by up-regulating the expressions of Notch3, Notch4, and Delta1 and down-regulating the expressions of Jagged1, Jagged2, and Notch1.
Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Jagged-1 Protein ; Jagged-2 Protein ; Ligands ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Methotrexate ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptor, Notch3 ; Receptor, Notch4 ; Receptors, Notch ; metabolism ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; drug therapy ; Serrate-Jagged Proteins
6.Effect of occupational stress on cardiovascular function of different vocational population.
San-qiao YAO ; Xue-yun FAN ; Yu-lan JIN ; Yu-ping BAI ; Yin-e QU ; Yuan ZHOU
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2003;21(1):20-22
OBJECTIVETo study the effect of occupational stress on cardiovascular function of different vocational population.
METHODSThe occupational stressors, risk factors of cardiovascular diseases were investigated by questionnaire in 839 people with 4 kinds of jobs. Blood pressure, sugar, and lipid were detected at the same time.
RESULTSBlood pressure were higher in the groups of old age, long standing and teachers, and the abnormal rate of blood pressure was 21.69%. There was no difference in abnormal ECG among ages, standing and occupation, and the abnormal rate of ECG was 19.07%. Job control, job demands, job responsibility, role in a job and shift work were the main stress factors affecting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. More conflict in job, less chance of participation, severe job loads were the risk factors of primary hypertension. Accident due to job responsibility, job responsibility, role in a job were the main risk factors of abnormal electrocardiograph. Self-respect and activity beyond work were the good modifiers of heart function.
CONCLUSIONOccupational stress has certain effect on cardiovascular function.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological ; physiopathology
7.Significance and Clinical Application of the Establishment of RhD/C/c/E/e Blood Group Base in Chinese Nanyang City.
Journal of Experimental Hematology 2016;24(5):1583-1587
OBJECTIVETo understand the regularity of Rh blood typing of valunteary blood donors in Chinese Nanyang city, and to estabbish a Rh DC/c/E/e antigen negative donor base so as to provide the help for clinical emergent blood transfusion to patients and ensure the safety of blood transfusion.
METHODSThe Rh D blood group of blood samples from 81462 voluntary blood donors in Chinese Nanyang city in 2014 was identified by serologic method; after first screening and confirmation, the RhE/e/C/c typing of Rh D negative samples was performed; the detailed infornation of donors was registered seriously by using unified creteria; the data base and base in kind of RhE/e/C/c types of valuntary donors were established by means of compater-mamayement system.
RESULTS300 cases (0.37%) were RhD negative blood donors, and the Rh antigen was Ccdee and ccdee in 83%.
CONCLUSIONThe proportion of RhD negative donors accounts for 4% of Chinese Nanyang peoples, the RhE/e/C/c types of RhD negative donors are ccdee (50.67%)>Ccdee (33.00%)>ccdEe(5.67%)>CCdee (5.33%)>CcdEe(5.33%). The establisment of RhE/e/C/c subbase can show importent significance for clinical blood transfusion.
8.Chinese herbal medicine Xinfeng Capsule in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
Jian LIU ; E-mail: LIUJIANAHZY@126.COM. ; Chuan-bing HUANG ; Yuan WANG ; Gui-qin XU ; Yuan-yuan CHENG ; Yun-xia FENG ; Lei LIU ; Ya-jun QI
Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013;11(6):428-434
BACKGROUNDRheumatoid arthritis (RA), as a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, affects approximately 1 in 100 individuals. Effective treatment for RA is not yet available because current research does not have a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of RA. Xinfeng Capsule, a patent Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in the treatment of RA in recent years. Despite its reported clinical efficacy, there are no large-sample, multicenter, randomized trials that support the use of Xinfeng Capsule for RA. Therefore, we designed a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of Xinfeng Capsule in the treatment of RA.
METHODS AND DESIGNThis is a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial on the treatment of RA. The participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group at a ratio of 1:1. Participants in the experimental group will receive Xinfeng Capsule and a pharmaceutical placebo (imitation leflunomide). The control group will receive leflunomide and an herbal placebo (imitation Xinfeng Capsule). The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Criteria for RA will be used to measure the efficacy of the Xinfeng Capsule. The primary outcome measure will be the percentage of study participants who achieve an ACR 20% response rate (ACR20), which will be measured every 4 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes will include the ACR50 and ACR70 responses, the side effects of the medications, the Disease Activity Score 28, RA biomarkers, quality of life, and X-rays of the hands and wrists. The first four of the secondary outcomes will be measured every 4 weeks and the others will be measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment.
DISCUSSIONThe result of this trial will help to evaluate whether Xinfeng Capsule is effective and safe in the treatment of RA.
TRIAL REGISTRATIONThis trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. The identifier is NCT01774877.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Capsules ; Clinical Protocols ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Quality Control ; Sample Size
9.Response surface method optimize of nano-silica solid dispersion technology assistant enzymatic hydrolysis preparation genistein.
Xin JIN ; Zhen-Hai ZHANG ; Jing ZHU ; E SUN ; Dan-Hong YU ; Xiao-Yun CHEN ; Qi-Yuan LIU ; Qing NING ; Xiao-Bin JIA
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2012;47(4):522-528
This article reports that nano-silica solid dispersion technology was used to raise genistein efficiency through increasing the enzymatic hydrolysis rate. Firstly, genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion was prepared by solvent method. And differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to verify the formation of solid dispersion, then enzymatic hydrolysis of solid dispersion was done by snailase to get genistein. With the conversion of genistein as criteria, single factor experiments were used to study the different factors affecting enzymatic hydrolysis of genistin and its solid dispersion. And then, response surface method was used to optimize of nano-silica solid dispersion technology assistant enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimum condition to get genistein through enzymatic hydrolysis of genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion was pH 7.1, temperature 52.2 degrees C, enzyme concentration 5.0 mg x mL(-1) and reaction time 7 h. Under this condition, the conversion of genistein was (93.47 +/- 2.40)%. Comparing with that without forming the genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion, the conversion increased 2.62 fold. At the same time, the product of hydrolysis was purified to get pure genistein. The method of enzymatic hydrolysis of genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion by snailase to obtain genistein is simple, efficiency and suitable for the modern scale production.
Animals
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Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
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Genistein
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chemistry
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Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
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Hydrolysis
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Isoflavones
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chemistry
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Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
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Nanoparticles
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Phytoestrogens
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chemistry
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Silicon Dioxide
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chemistry
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Snails
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enzymology
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Solubility
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Technology, Pharmaceutical
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methods
10.Chemokine Receptor-5 and Graft-versus-Host Disease.
Jing YUAN ; Wei LIU ; Han-Yun REN
Journal of Experimental Hematology 2015;23(3):883-887
Chemokine receptor-5 (CCR5) belongs to a G-protein coupled receptors superfamily. It is mainly expressed on a wide variety of immune cells. CCR5 can bind with its specific ligands, which plays very important roles in inflammatory cell growth, differentiation, activation, adhesion and migration. CCR5 was identified as a co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) to infect CD4+ T cells. In addition, CCR5 not only participates in the pathogenic mechanisms of many inflammation disease such as AIDS, auto-immune disease, and atherosclerosis, but also plays important roles in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Recent studies using murine models have demonstrated the critical role of CCR5 and its ligands which direct T-cell infiltration and recruitment into target tissues during acute GVHD. CCR5 has become the focus of intense interest and discussion, and this review will attempt to describe what is understood about the structure and function, internalization, signal transduction of CCR5, in order to investigate the relationship between CCR5 and acute GVHD.
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
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Cell Proliferation
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Graft vs Host Disease
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
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Humans
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Receptors, CCR5