The three immediate-early proteins of HSV-1, ICPO, ICP22, and ICP27, have specific and pivotal functions in transcriptional activation and inhibition, multiple regulatory and control processes of viral genes. In this paper, the expression and localization of these three proteins were studied in neuroblastoma cells using biochemical assays, and their possible and potential interactive functions are discussed. The data show that the three proteins are localized in different structures, specifically in the PML-NB-associated structure, which is a specific nuclear structure composed of many protein molecules and bound tightly to the nuclear matrix in neuroblastoma cells. The results suggest that the activating and suppressive functions of ICPs are mostly dependent on their transcriptional and regulatory roles, including the PML-NB-associated structure.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria in China in 2012.Methods All the clinical isolates of nonfermenting gram -negative bacteria were collected from 557 tertiary hospitals from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2012 in China.The antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates were de-termined by using various methods such as broth microdilution, disk diffusion, or E-test which according to CLSI 2012 guideline.The sus-ceptibility data were processed with WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 198334 nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria susceptibility data were obtained.Among all the isolates, the top 3 isolated nonfermenting gram-negative strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 80964 strains, 40.8%) , followed by Acinetobacter baumannii(67368 strains, 34.0%) , and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( 17520 strains, 8.8%).Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, polymyxin B, tobramycin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefepime, gentamicin and cefoperazone/sulbactam ( CSL) were the only agents to which >70%of isolates were susceptible.No antibiotics except polymyxin B ( 96.9%) , minocycline ( 61.4%) , amikacin (58.7%), CSL (54.3%) and tobramycin (51.3%) were active more than 50% against Acinetobacter baumannii.Susceptibility rates of carbapenem against Acinetobacter baumannii were around 49%, about 9 percentage points higher than 2011 results.There are some differences among the monitoring results from various districts in China.The suscep-tibilities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to the tested antimicrobial agents in Central China were generally low, whereas the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Acinetobacter baumannii from North China were genera-lly high.Conclusion The multidrug resistance of nonfermenting gram -negative bacteria, especially Acinetobacter baumannii, has become a worldwide problem.There are some differences among the susceptibilities of isolates from various districts.Polymyxin B has the most effective in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, the emerging resistant isolates should cause enough attention.Further surveillance needed to be strengthened to prevent the further development and spread of resistant bacteria.

The morphological index of the seedlings including the plants height, the ground diameter, the leaf amounts, the fresh weight of the whole plant and the ratio of height to diameter was measured and the principal components were analyzed so as to determine the grading index, and stepwise cluster analysis was applied for clustering analysis. Pot experiments were used to measure the indicators of plant growth and development, the yield and the quality. The results showed that the height and ground diameter were determined as the quality indicators of the seedlings grading and the standard quality grading of seedlings of Anoectochilus roxburghii was initially set up, different seeding plants influenced the plants growth and the yield. The ground diameter of the class I was larger than that of the class II and III, so as the yield. The seedling grading had no obvious effect on the internal quality of medicinal materials. The results of the study provide the basis for standard cultivation of A. roxburghii.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Quality Control ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients of first class hospitals in China in 2012.Methods All the clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were collected and the susceptibility tests of the isolates were performed by 557 first class hospitals around China from 1st Jan.2012 to 31st Dec.2012.The susceptibilities of isolates to antimicrobial agents were determined by using CLSI (2010) guideline and the susceptibility data were processed with Whonet 5.6 software.Results A total of 372052 clinical isolates were collected.Among all the strains Escherichia coli ( 161211starins, 43.3%) outnumbered the other bacteria, followed by Klebsiella pneu-moniae (112600 strains, 30.3%), Enterobacter clacaer (31887strains, 8.6 %).The most effective antimicrobials were carbapenems.The re-sistant rates of Escherichia coli to imipenem and meropenem were both be-low 12.5%, and the rates in other Enterobacteriaceae were below 10%.Besides this, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam and ami-kacin demonstrated good antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae in vitro.Overall, little difference was observed in the resistant rates of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from first class hospi-tals in different parts of China.Conclusion Enterobacteriaceae from firs class hospital were of different degree resis-tance to various antimicrobial agents.Carbapenems remained very high activity against Enterobacteriaceae,but the car-bapenem resistance strains has appeared and the issue should be attracted attention.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kuntai Capsule (KC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in treating menopause syndrome by Meta-analysis.

METHODSRandomized controlled trials were electronically retrieved from PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, Chinese Doctoral Dissertation Full Text Database, Chinese Outstanding Masters' Dissertation Full Text Database, and VIP database, Wanfang Database, and some other related papers were manually checked. All papers were assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of interventions and then effective data were analyzed by RevMan 5.0.2 Software.

RESULTSEight randomized control trials involving 675 patients were included. Results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical difference in the Kupperman Menopausal Scores [MD = 1.91, 95% CI (-0.31, 4.12)] and the effective rate of Kupperman Menopausal Scores [OR = 1.37, 95% CI (0.66, 2.85)] between the KC group and the estrogen replacement therapy group (P > 0.05). Compared with the KC group, the E2 level [MD = -12.8, 95% CI (-22.85, -2.76)] and the FSH level [MD = 17.96, 95% CI (3.03, 32.88)] could be significantly improved in the estrogen replacement therapy group. Compared with the estrogen replacement group, KC could significantly reduce the total incidence of adverse reactions [OR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.24, 0.73)], the incidence of breast distending pain [OR = 0.65, 95% CI (0.42, 1.00)], and the incidence of vaginal bleeding [OR = 0.26, 95% CI (0.17, 0.40) ] (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe current limited evidence showed that, when compared with the estrogen replacement therapy group, KC could also improve climacteric symptoms. It was inferior to the estrogen replacement therapy group in improving in vivo hormone levels. But it was superior in reducing the incidence of adverse reactions, breast distending pain, and vaginal bleeding.

Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; adverse effects ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of conventional metal materials in oral cavity on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODSFour kinds of metal materials (metal ligature wire, forging hard and slotless denture, casting nichrome denture, casting copper alloy denture) in oral cavity were scanned through MRI. FSE sequence T1 weighted imaging (FSE T1), EPI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence of ordinary, Propeller DWI imaging were used.

RESULTSIn FSE T1 sequence, metal ligature wire and forging hard and slotless denture produced serious false image, casting nichrome denture produced moderate false image, casting copper alloy denture produced only little false image. In EPI DWI sequence, obvious magnetic-sensitive false image were produced in the dissection tissue of the brain by metal ligature wire. While in Propeller DWI sequence, magnetic-sensitive false image were greatly reduced and satisfactory images were formed.

CONCLUSIONDifferent metal materials in oral cavity have different influence on the MRI. The false images produced by different metal materials are closely related to the type of the material. Magnetic-sensitive false images can be eliminated by Propeller DWI technique.

Dental Materials ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective The aim is to investigate the correlation between bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and tumor tissue ceramide (Cer) as well as serum tumor markers in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The morning urine and CRC tumor tissue were collected from 84 patients with CRC. The concentration of urine BPA was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), urine BPA concentration was corrected with creatinine (Cr). Cer concentration of CRC tumor tissue was detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlations of urine BPAcr, Cer content of CRC tumor tissue and tumor markers were analyzed. Results Cer content in CRC tumor tissue was positively correlated with BPAcr (r=0.784, P＜0.001). Regression analysis showed that the regression coefficient of Cer content in CRC tumor tissue and BPAcr was 0.218 (95% CI: 0.18-0.26), which was statistically significant (P＜0.001). There were significantly differences in CRC tumor tissue Cer and urine BPAcr between the CEA positive and negative groups, CA125 positive and negative groups, and CA19-9 positive and negative groups (all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between AFP positive and negative groups in CRC tumor tissue Cer and urine BPAcr (P=0.247). Serum CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 were positively correlated with urine BPAcr (r values were 0.348, 0.251, 0.281, respectively, all P＜0.05) and Cer content in CRC tumor tissue (r values were 0.265, 0.309, 0.263, respectively, all P＜0.05). Conclusions BPA exposure may cause an increase of Cer in CRC tumor tissue and abnormalities in serum tumor markers, suggesting that BPA exposure may participate in the development and occurance of CRC by affecting the metabolism of Cer in CRC tumor tissue.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of simvastatin on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)and explore its mechanisms. Methods Fifty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into EAE group (n=15),.STATINS group(n=15),triptolide(TP)group(n=15)and normal control group(n=10).In STATINS group,the rats were given simvastatin and the changes in the expressions of P53,interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)were observed,with triptofide as the positive control.Results Compared to the EAE group,the rats in STATINS group had significantly lowered incidence of EAE,mild symptoms,reduced body weight loss and lesion foci number,and prolonged latency of EAE onset(P＜0.05).The rats in the TP group also exhibited significantly milder symptoms and fewer lesion foci than the EAE group(P＜0.05),but the body weight changes.,latency or incidence of EAE had no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Simvastatin significantly suppressed the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and increased the expressions of P53 and TGF-β in rats with EAE,whereas TP only resulted in significant suppression of TNF-αexpression(P＜0.05).The expressions of P53 and TGF-β were significantly higher in STATINS group than in TP group(P＜0.05),but the expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 were comparable between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusions Simvastatin Can suppress EAE more effectively than TP by suppressing the expressions of the inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α and promoting the expressions of P53 and TGF-β.

The purposes of the present study were to investigate the inhibitory effect of quercetin (QUE) preconditioning on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inducer tunicamycin (TM)-induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages and the underlying molecular mechanisms. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with different concentrations (20, 40, and 80 μmol/L) of QUE for 30 min and then treated with TM (5 mg/L) for 12 h. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit, respectively. The nuclear translocation of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) in cells was detected by immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot. Protein and mRNA expressions of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and Bcl-2 were examined by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. The results showed that TM reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxic effects of TM were significantly inhibited by QUE pretreatment at the concentrations of 40 and 80 μmol/L. Interestingly, we found that QUE also significantly suppressed the TM-induced translocation of ATF6, an ERS sensor, from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In addition, exposure of RAW264.7 macrophages to TM resulted in a significant increase of the expression of CHOP, a transcription factor regulated by ATF6 under conditions of ERS, as well as a decrease of Bcl-2 at transcript and protein levels. QUE blocked these effects in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that QUE can protect RAW264.7 cells from TM-induced apoptosis and that the mechanism at least partially involves its ability to inhibit the ATF6-CHOP signaling pathway.
Activating Transcription Factor 6 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Quercetin ; pharmacology ; Transcription Factor CHOP ; metabolism ; Tunicamycin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Compound Xuanju Capsule (CXC) combined with bromocriptine on hyperprolactinemia-induced erectile dysfunction (ED).

METHODSWe randomly assigned 46 patients with hyperprolactinemia-induced ED to receive bromocriptine (trial group, n = 23) and bromocriptine plus CXC (control group, n = 23), respectively, both for 12 weeks. Then we compared the two groups of patients in erectile function and the levels of serum prolactin and testosterone.

RESULTSAfter 12 weeks of treatment, the IIEF-5 scores were significantly improved in both the trial and the control groups as compared with the baseline (19.5 +/- 4.1 vs 13.0 +/- 3.8 and 16.4 +/- 3.7 vs 13.7 +/- 3.5, P<0.05), the level of serum prolactin was remarkably decreased ([156.07 +/- 26.31] vs [478.35 +/- 62.28] mIU/L and [164.73 +/- 28.58] vs [445.26 +/- 57.83] mIU/L, P<0.05), while the level of serum testosterone was markedly increased ([15.34 +/- 5.27] vs [3.80 +/- 1.09] nmol/L and [12.02 +/- 2.36] vs [4.07 +/- 1.25] nmol/L, P<0.05). Post-treatment erectile function was significantly better in the trial than in the control group (P<0.05), and the post-treatment serum testosterone level remarkably higher in the former than in the latter (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the serum prolactin level after treatment between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe combination of Compound Xuanju Capsule and bromocriptine is highly effective in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia-induced ED, and its effect is even better than that of bromocriptine alone.

Adult ; Bromocriptine ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Phytotherapy