Objective To investigate MR imaging features of parotid gland in Sj?gren′s syndrome ( SS).Methods Twenty-seven cases of xerostomia patients were collected and divided into SS group ( n=21) and non-SS group (n=6) according to the international classification (diagnosis) criteria for SS.Ten healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group.All the subjects underwent conventional MRI of parotid gland and MR sialography ( MRS).Standard deviation of T 1 WI and T2 WI signal intensity among 3 groups was observed, meanwhile, grading was made according to parotid glands , fat signal and parotid duct expansion degree respectively.With clinical diagnosis as the gold standard , diagnostic value of conventional MRI , MRS and their combination used in SS was compared.One-way ANOVA was used in comparison of standard deviation of parotid gland′s signal intensity among 3 groups , and Chi-square test was applied in comparison of conventional MRI and MRS diagnostic value.Moreover , Kappa value was calculated to assess the consistency of two grading results in SS.Results Signal intensity of parotid glands in control group and non-SS group was homogeneous.However , bilaterally diffused and heterogeneous high signal intensity on both T1WI and T2WI was found in SS patients, which was depressed on T2WI fat suppression sequences.Forty-two parotid glands were graded by fat signal:Grade 0 (n=2 glands), Grade 1 (n=10), Grade 2 (n=10), Grade 3 (n=6) and Grade 4 (n=14).Parotid peripheral ducts of control group and non-SS group were unexpanded , while bilaterally expanded parotid peripheral ducts were shown in SS patients.The grading of 42 parotid glands by expansion degree of parotid duct , Grade 0 was rated in 12, Grade 1 in 8, Grade 2 in 10, Grade 3 in 5, and Grade 4 in 7.Standard deviation of T1WI signal intensity of parotid glands among SS group , non-SS group and control group were 124.1 ±30.0, 81.8 ±27.6, and 86.3 ±35.0 respectively;and standard deviation of T 2 WI signal intensity were 115.1 ±35.2, 69.8 ±23.5, and 80.1 ±31.4 respectively; the standard deviation of T 1 WI and T2 WI signal intensity of SS group was higher than both non-SS group and control group′s ( F value =13.780 and 13.301, respectively, P <0.01), however, the difference of standard deviation of signal intensity of non-SS group and control group had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Among 42 parotid glands with SS, conventional MRI and MRS showed parotid gland lesions in 40 and 30 respectively , and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =13.04, P=0.013).There was no false positive result.The combination of the two methods detected all 42 lesions.The consistency of detecting parotid abnormalities with SS between conventional MRI and MRS was poor (Kappa=0.12, P=0.092).Conclusions Diffuse fatty infiltration on conventional MRI and diffuse peripheral duct dilatation on MRS in the parotid gland are characteristic features of SS , and conventional MRI could be used as the preferred technique for the SS.combination with MRS may improve diagnostic accuracy.

Objective To summarize the epidemiological feature of plague cases oceuwed in China.Methods The epidemiological and clinical data from 1981 to 2006 year in China were analyzed with descriptive study method.Result Nine hundred and seveneteen human plague cases were diagnosed in 9 provinces(regions) from 1981 to 2006 years,105 cases died,the mortality rate being 11.45%,and they distributed in 69 counties (cities or banners).In Qinghai Province 108 cases were diagnosed,the mortality rate was 46.30%(50/108),the cases distributed in 17 counties(cities);137 cans in Guizhou,distributing in 2 counties(cities);517 cases in Yunnan,distributing in 26 counties(cities).Plague cases peaked separately in 1983,1990,1996 and 2000 years,they were 25,75,98 and 254 separately.The principal spreading ways were breathing flying particles,touching,skinning and eating marmot in Qinghai;750 cases were of bubonic plague,among whom 4 cases in Tibet died,the fatality rate was 0.53(4/750);121 cases were of pneumonic prague,among whom 65 cases died,was accounting for 53.72%(65/121);31 cases were of septieaemic plague,and 30 cases died(one cases was cured in Inner Mongolia),accounting for 96.77%(30/31).Others were brain plague,intestinal plague,tonsil plague and plague cellulites,which were cured.Conclusion From 1990,human plague epidemical scope and intensity is enlarging continuously compared with 1980-1990 and there is a trend of going up gradually in China.

Objective To optimize the formulation of the sunscreen used in military training.Methods The different formulations of sunscreen were prepared according to the orthogonal design,and then applied on 3M adhesive tape posted on the color dish with a certain amount;the absorbance in 280 nm-320 nm and 320 nm-400 nm of them were measured and the arithmetic mean (A) was concluded.By comparing A,the protective effect and the main factors affecting preventive bask were determined.The preventive bask test of the optimum formula was carried out in human trials using the method of multi point increasing ultraviolet irradiation.Results OMC,TinosorbTM M,rutin,pearl powder and baicalin all had significant effects in preventing UVA.OMC had a significant effect in preventing UVB.The formula 1 (containing the five materials mentioned above) had the best effects in preventing both UVA (SPF 18) and UVB (PA+).Conclusions The formula 1 has the best effects in preventing both UVA and UVB.

Objective To explore the effect of Potent Purgative Decoction with Additions on the treatment and nursing intervention of adhesive ileus.Methods Totals of 152 patients with adhesive ileus were randomly divided into observation group and control group with each group 76 cases.Western-style medical treatment was adopted in the control group,while combined Western-style medical treatment with Potent Purgative Decoction with Additions was adopted in the observe group.Results The total effective rate of observe group was 93.42％ significandy higher than 78.95％ of control group(x2 =8.876,P =0.012).Conclusions Potent Purgative Decoction combines with Additions is an effective method to treat adhesive ileus,and which is propitious to recuperate the gastrointestinal function and shorten the length of stay.

Objective To discuss the application of the hemodialysis and filtration(HDF) in children with acute renal failure(ARF).Methods By Branc Dialog hemodialysis machine of double-pump,HDF for 19 times and hemodialysis(HD) for 21 times were given to the children with ARF.The serum blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr),uric acid(UA),?_2 microglobulin(?_2-MG) and the rate of the heart,blood pressure,temperature were observed before and after HD and HDF.Results The clearance rates of BUN,Cr,UA,(?_2-)MG of HDF were markedly higher than those of HD(P

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from Faeces bombycis.

METHODIsolation and purification were carried out on silic gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 column chromatography. The chemical structures of the constituents were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTFifteen compounds were identified as 3S, 5R-dihydroxy-6R, 7-megstigmadien-9-one (1), 3S, 5R-dihydroxy-6S, 7-megstigmadien-9-one (2), (6R, 9R)-3-oxo-alpha-ionol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), (6R, 9S)-3-oxo-alpha-ionol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), blumenol C glucoside (5), byzantionoside B (6), alangionoside L (7), lutein (8), pipecolic acid (9), betaine (10), alanine (11), glutamic acid (12), phenylalanine (13), leucine (14), isoleucine (15).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were separated from Faeces bombycis for the first time.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diptera ; chemistry ; Feces ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mutation spectrum of phosphodiesterase beta subunit (PDE6B) gene and incidence in Chinese retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients.

METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 38 patients from 35 autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (ARRP) families and 55 sporadic cases. The mutation of the PDE6B gene was detected using PCR-SSCP, and the amplified PCR product of abnormal bands was sequenced.

RESULTSWithin intron 10 of PDE6B gene, a mutation was found in an ARRP family, a G --> A transition at 19th base upstream 5'-end of exon 11. A novel complex heterozygous variant of PDE6B gene in a sporadic case, a T to C transition in codon 323 resulting in the substitution of Gly by Ser and two bp(TG) inserted between the 27th-28th bp upstream of the 5'-end of exon 10 were both present in the same isolate RP. But they were not found in 100 unrelated normal individuals. A sporadic RP was found carrying a sequence variant of PDE6B gene, a G to C transversion in intron 18, the 15th base adjacent to the 3'end of exon 18. Another isolate RP was found to have 2 bp inserted between 31st and 32nd base upstream 5'end of exon 4 (in intron 3) of PDE6B gene.

CONCLUSIONThere is a complex heterozygous mutation of PDE6B gene responsible for a sporadic RP patient in China. Several DNA variants were found in intron of PDE6B gene in the national population.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6 ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo improve the mini-modified semi solid rappaport vassiliadis most probable number (mini-MSRV MPN) method for Salmonella detection.

METHODSBased on the mini-MSRV MPN method,Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) was modified as one step enrichment medium and Modified Semi Solid Rappaport Vassiliadis (MSRV) medium was ameliorated as modified MSRV for Salmonella detection under standard Salmonella addition recovery. A total of 154 raw chicken samples, 48 swabs of pheasantry and 48 poultry dung samples were collected to compare the detection results of Salmonella by using improved mini-MSRV MPN, mini-MSRV MPN and regular most probable number (MPN) method.

RESULTSSalmonella recovery was < 2.7 MPN/g when the standard Salmonella addition was at the concentration of 0.9 CFU/g when the mini-MSRV MPN method was employed. If the standard Salmonella addition were at 9.0 and 90.0 CFU/g, the recoveries of bacteria were 10.1 and 94.0 MPN/g, and the average recovery rate was 112% and 104%, respectively. Salmonella detection rate of modified mini-MSRV MPN, mini-MSRV MPN and regular MPN method was 18.4% (46/250), 5.2% (13/250) and 6.0% (15/250), respectively. The detection rate was higher for modified mini-MSRV MPN method than of the other two methods (χ(2) values were 19.68 and 17.82, respectively, all P values < 0.05). The detection quantity of Salmonella (medians were 21.0, < 2.7 and < 3.0 MPN/g, respectively). The quantity detected by modified mini-MSRV MPN method was higher than that of the other two methods (both Z values were 5.71, both P values < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONModified mini-MSRV MPN method is an accurate method for foodborne Salmonella detection.

Animals ; Chickens ; microbiology ; Culture Media ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Food Inspection ; methods ; Salmonella ; isolation & purification

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on acute and chronic inflammation ofHuamoyan Granules(HMYG).Methods KM mice and SD rats were randomly divided into model group, ibuprofen group and HMYG high, middle and low three dosages groups. The Ibuprofen group was administrated drug by gavage, mice 0.13 g/kg and rats 0.093 g/kg. The HMYG groups were administrated orally, mice 12, 6 and 3g/kg, rats 4, 4.2 and 2.1 g/kg. The model group was given the same volume distilled water, once a day, 3 or 10 continuous days. The increased permeability of mice abdominal capillary was induced by acetic acid, edema of rat hind paw was induced by albumen and carrageenin, which both were adopted to observe the acute anti-inflammatory effects; and cotton pellet granuloma was to observe the chronic anti- inflammation effects of HMYG.Results Compared with the model group, the ibuprofen group, the HMYG high and middle group showed anti-inflammatory actions of mice induced by acetic acid (0.185 ± 0.046, 0.177 ± 0.055, 0.190 ± 0.052vs. 0.246 ± 0.050,P<0.05 orP<0.01); after 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hrs inflammation, HMYG high dosage group had significant inhibition for the edema of rats hind paw induced byalbumen model, the inhibitory rate was 22.46%, 19.20% and 24.32%, 33.75%, 24.19%; 4 and 6 hrs after inflammation, HMYG high dosage group could reduce rats paw edema induced by carrageenin, the inhibitory rate was 32.05%, 30.56% and 19.23%, 20.83%.Conclusion HMYG has evident anti-inflammatory effects on acute inflammation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the activation of RhoA and thrombin-induced neuron injury in the cortex of fetal rats. Methods The neurons from the fetal ratcortex were culturedin vitro for 8 d; and then,they were treated by thrombin at different concentrations (0,1,10,30 and 100 U/mL) for 3 h,and by 30 U/mL thrombm at different times (0,0.5,1,3 and 6 h);Western blotting was used to examine the effects of these different treatments on the activation of RhoA.The neurons were pretreated with Exoenzyme C3,the RhoA inhibitor,for 0.5 h,and incubated with 30 U/ml thrombin for 3 h; and then,Western blotting was employed to examine the activation of Rho A; besides that,the injuries of these neurons with the presence and absence of Exoenzyme C3 were observed by Hoechst33258 staining and CCK-8 assay.Results The activation of RhoA expressing in membrane with the treatment of 30 U/mL thrombin for 3 h was significantly increased as compared with that under the treatment of 0 U/mL (P＜0.05); and the total RhoA showed no significant changes with the treatment of all concentrations. The 3 h site with thrombin (30 U/mL) could more significantly induce R hoA expression as compared with other time sites (P＜0.05),and the total RhoA showed no significant changes under the treatment of all time sites. Pretreatrnent of neurons with Exoenzyme C3 could significantly down-regulate RhoA level as compared with those without pretreatment (P＜0.05); meanwhile,Hoechst33258 staining indicated that the number of brightly stained neurons in the Exoenzyme C3presence group was dramatically decreased as compared with that in the Exoenzyme C3 absence group (P＜0.05), and CCK-8 assay showed that the cell survival rate in Exoenzyme C3 absence group significantly decreased as compared with that in the Exoenzyme C3 presence group (P＜0.05).Conclusion RhoA in membrane is related to the thrombin-induced neuron injury in the cortex of fetal