Objective To explore the effect of edaravone on serum level of 8-iso-PGF2α and prognosis in patients with severe head injury(SHI).Methods 68 patients with SHI were randomly divided into two groups,which were both given conventional treatment,while the treatment group was also given extra injection of edaravone for 14d.8-iso-PGF2α,GCS score and GOS were observed and compared between the two groups respectively.Results The decrease of serum level of 8-iso-PGF2α in treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group,the GCS score and good outcomes after 3 months was significantly higher than that of the control group after the treatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion Edaravone could reduce the serum level of 8-iso-PGF2α in SHI patients and improve the prognosis.which was woah clinical application.

Due to their biological and physiological importance, flavonoids received considerable attention in the literature. This review discusses the widely used analytical method i.e. capillary electrophoresis (CE) including the chiral flavonoids separation and the hyphenation of CE and MS. Techniques used for enhancement of sensitivity such as stacking, sweeping, isotachophoresis etc. were also discussed.

Objective To explore the serum levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure (CHF) and its correlation with other common indexes,to provide reference for its clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Methods Two hundred patients with acute exacerbation of CHF were selected as CHF group,and 100 matched healthy volunteers were selected as control group.Serum levels of GDF-15 and N-terminal pronatriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected,and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVESD),left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD),and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by echocardiography within 2 hours after admitted to hospital,and after the symptoms improved of CHF group,and on health examination day of control group.Patients in CHF group were followed up to record CHF related adverse events.Correlations between GDF-15 and other indicators were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis,and the clinical value of serum GDF-15 on diagnosing CHF was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC).Results The serum levels of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP in each time-point of CHF group were all higher than those of control group (t =4.70 ～ 7.11,P ＜ 0.05 orP ＜ 0.01).The serum levels of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP had negative correlation with LVEF (r =-0.539,-0.572,P ＜ 0.01),and had positive correlation with LVESD,LVEDD,and NYHA cardiac functional grading (r =0.505 ～ 0.861,P ＜ 0.01).Serum GDF-15 had positive correlation with serum NT-proBNP (r =0.528,P ＜0.01).With the increase of serum GDF-15 level,CHF group's readmission (rate) and death (rate) were both increased (x2 =36.86,26.59,P ＜0.01).AUC of predicting readmission risk by serum GDF-15 was 0.822 (95％ CI:0.719 ～0.890,P ＜0.01),and the best predictive cutoff point was 2 876.30 ng/L (sensitivity was 91.86％,specificity was 73.27％).AUC of predicting mortality risk was 0.816 (95％ CI:0.715 ～ 0.885,P ＜ 0.01),and the best predictive cutoff point was 3 487.05 ng/L (sensitivity was 91.72％,specificity was 69.05％).Conclusions Serum GDF-15 level in patients with acute exacerbation of CHF is higher,decreases with symptoms improvement,has positive correlation with LVESD,LVEDD,and NYHA cardiac functional grading,and has negative correlation with LVEF,has higher sensitivity on predicting CHF-related adverse events,and the mechanism may be related to the activation of SMAD pathway.Therefore,it may be a promising biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of primary closure of common bile duct following laparoscopic common bile duct reexploration and choledocholithotomy for recurrent or residual choledocholithiasis in patients with prior biliary surgery.Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical data of 31 patients who were diagnosed recurrent or residual common bile duct (CBD) stones after prior bile duct surgery.All of 31 patients had undergone primary closure following laparoscopic common bile duct reexploration between Jan 2010 and Jan 2014.Results In all the 31 patients,there was no conversion to open surgery.There were no complications due to port placement,postoperative bleeding and mortality.The operation time was (106 ±32) min; the volume of intraoperative blood loss was (52 ± 16) ml; the time of postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery and postoperative hospital stay were (23 ± 3) h,(5.5 ± 1.5) d respectively.Duodenal injury was found and repaired intraoperatively laparoscopically in one patient.Bile leakage occurred in 2 cases recovered by conservative therapy.No postoperative stricture of bile duct,recurrent or residual stones were observed during a period of 1 month to 1 year (mean follow-up 6 months).Conclusions Primary closure following laparoscopic common bile duct reexploration for patients with a past history of biliary tract operation is safe,feasible,and effective procedure in hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons.

Objective To explore the role of white matter injuries in the schizophrenia induced by the NMDA re-ceptor antagonist. Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice (8 week old) were equally divided into four groups. One group was sub-chronically treated with saline solution, and the other three groups were intraperitoneally treated with MK-801 at dose of 0.025 mg/mL (M1), 0.050 mg/mL (M2) and 0.100 mg/mL (M3) in a volume 10 ml per kilogram body weight. All ani-mals were tested using Morris water maze at the 9th-15th day and using the Hole Board exploration as well as Rota Rod performance tests on the 16th day. The myelin basic protein (MBP) and the ultrastructure of the myelin sheaths in the cor-pus callosum were then examined using immunohistochemical methods, transmission electron microscope technique and stereological methods. Results The repeated sub-chronic MK-801 treatment did not induce impairment of spatial learning and memory in Morris water maze. The MK-801 treatment at 0.25 mg/kg and 1.00 mg/kg but not at 0.50 mg/kg resulted in less exploration to a new environment. The myelin staining with anti-MBP antibody was less intense in all three schizo-phrenic groups when compared to saline control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, MK-801 treatment caused pathological al-terations of the myelin sheaths including segmental demyelination of myelinated fibers and splitting of myelin sheath lamel- lae in schizophrenic groups. The ratio of the injured myelinated nerve fibers in the corpus callosum of MK-801 treated mice [M3 group, (22.42 ± 4.24)%] was significantly higher when compared to the control mice [(3.84 ± 1.35)%,P<0.01)]. Conclusions The present study demonstrated the white matter damages, mainly low MBP expression and segmental demye-lization in the corpus callosum in the mice sub-chronic treated with MK-801, indicating that the white matter changes might be involved in the schizophrenia induced by NMDA antagonist.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the effect of corticosteroids therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at 1-month and 1-year. Methods Those who was diagnosed as Crohn's disease (CD, n=55) or ulcerative colitis (UC, n= 154) from 1998 to 2006 were investigated. The effect of corticosteroids was evaluated after one month and 1-year. The prognostic factors were calculated using Logistic regression analysis. Results The patients who received eortieosteroids therapy were 21 (38.2%) with CD and 20 (13.0%) with UC (2 cases withdrawn). In one month followe-up, the complete and partial remissions were found in 15 (71.4%) and 3 (14.3%) patients with CD, respectively, while there were 15 (83.3%) and 3 (16.7%) in patients UC, respectively. Only 3 (14.3%) patients with CD was no response. In one year follow up, 11 out of 21 (52.4%) patients with CD had prolonged response to corticosteroids, 6 (28.6%) were corticosteroid dependence, and 4 (19%) required surgery; whereas 11 out of 18 (61.1%) patients with UC had prolonged response, 3 (16.7%) were corticosteroid dependence, and 4 (22.2%) required surgery. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum albumin level was associated with efficacy of corticosteroids after one year (P= 0.027, OR: 1.320,95% CI: 1.032~1. 690). Conclusion The IBD patients who has response to initiating corticosteroids therapy will get shor-term remission. Its prognosis is related with serum albumin level.

Objective To investigate the expression of ADAM8 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical significance.Methods The protein expression of ADAM8 in HCC tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemical analysis.Serum levels of ADAM8 were measured by ELISA in 126 patients with HCC,50 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 50 healthy individuals.The relationship between patients' pathological features and serum ADAM8 level was analyzed.Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ADAM8 expression was associated closely with serum AFP elevation,tumor size,histological differentiation,and tumor stage.The ELISA assay showed that the serum levels of ADAM8 in the HCC were significantly higher than those in LC and healthy groups.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high expression of serum ADAM8 exhibited a significant correlation with poor prognosis for HCC patients.Multivariate analysis revealed that serum ADAM8 expression is an independent prognostic parameter for the overall survival rate of HCC patients.Conclusion ADAM8 expression was closely associated with tumor size,serum AFP elevation,tumor differentiation,tumor stage and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.Therefore,ADAM8 expression may serve as a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients in hepatocellular carcinoma.

With inlet temperature, specific gravity, feeding speed as independent variables, the comprehensive evaluating indexes of content of schisandrin and arctiin as dependent variable, the experimental data were fitted to a second order polynomial equation. Based on establishing the mathematical relationship between the comprehensive evaluating indexes and respective variables, Box-Benhnken central composite test and response surface analysis method was employed to optimize the spray drying technology of Biqiu granules ethanol extract. The optimal drying parameter was as follows: the inlet temperature was 175 degrees C, the specific gravity was 1.10, feeding speed was 32 r x min(-1). Under these conditions, the comprehensive evaluating indexes of spraying dry processes was 92.68, which was close to the model prediction. The spraying dry technology of Biqiu granules ethanol extract optimized by response surface methodology was accurate and feasible, which provided theoretical experiment basis for the industrialization production.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ethanol

Head ; surgery ; Humans ; Neck ; surgery ; United States

OBJECTIVETo introduce synergetic inactivation of microorganisms in drinking water by short-term free chlorination for less than 15 minutes followed by monochloramination.

METHODSIndicator microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and spores of Bacillus subtilis were used to assess the efficiency of sequential chlorination and free chlorination.

RESULTSThe sequential chlorination was more efficient in inactivating these microorganisms than free chlorination, indicating that synergy was provided by free chlorine and monochloramine. Ammonia addition time, temperature and pH had influences on this synergy.

CONCLUSIONSThe possible mechanism of this synergy might involve three aspects: free chlorine causing sublethal injury to microorganisms and monochloramine further inactivating them; different ability of free chlorine and monochloramine to penetrate and inactivate microorganism congeries; and higher concentration of residual chlorine in sequential chlorination than in free chlorination.

Chloramines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Chlorine ; chemistry ; Disinfection ; methods ; Halogenation ; Water ; chemistry ; Water Microbiology ; Water Purification ; methods