So far,thoracoscopy(video-assisted thoracic surgery) has been maturely used in the field of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,and already has achieved satisfactory results.In compare,the developing cardioscopy technique to perform intracardiac surgery,due to its own characteristics,was rarely applied as an supplementary clinical means over a long period of time.But more and more studies suggested that cardioscopy technique has it's own advantages in cardiovascular surgery,such as not extend the operation time and aortic clamping time,can provide a clearer operative field,and cause less tissue damage.Although there are a few cases reported completely cardioscopy technique treatment experience,it has not been widely used in clinical because of it's limitations.Even no such kind of research has been reported in China yet.This article aims to review the status of cardioscopy technique and its development prospects,to investigate the feasibility of its'widely clinical application in the future

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of the ureteroscopic lithotripsy in treatment of ureteral calculi in children. Methods, From March 2008 to May 2009, thirteen pediatric patients with ureteral stones were admitted to our department. There were six males and seven females, with an age range of 23 months to 11 years old. Six patients with stones located at the lower segments of the ureter, four at the middle segments, two at the upper segments, and one at pyelo-ureteral junction and lower ureter. The average diameter of the stones was (1.1 ± 0.47) cm (range 0.6 - 2.0 cm). The patients were placed in a lithotomy position; under general or venous anesthesia, ureteroscopy was performed using a semirigid ureteroscope (WOLF Fr 7.5/6), and the ureteral orifice was dilated to 10-12 Fr. Then holmium laser (1.5 J, 10 Hz) or pneumatic lithotripter was employed to fragment the stones (diameter of fragment less than 3 mm). Fr4. 7 double-J stent was placed after operation and was removed 4 weeks later. Results: Eleven of the 13 patient underwent successful lithotripsy, with the first time successful rate being 84.6%. The mean lithotripsy time was 8 min and the mean operation time was 21 min. There was slight bleeding during operation, but with no noticeable perforation of ureter or post operation fever, etc. Post-operation B ultrasound examination and X ray image revealed no residual stones with diameter > 3 mm in the 11 cases. Partial fragmentation was achieved in one patient with stone at upper ureter segment and one patient with stone at pyelo-ureteral junction and lower ureter, and the stones were excreted after extracorporreal shock wave lithotripy. Conclusion: Ureteroscopic lithotripsy is safe and effective in treatment of children with ureteral stones, which might become one of the first line treatment for children.

Objective: To construct DNA vaccines expressing prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and/or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and to determine their immunoactivity. Methods: Recombinant plasmids pIRES-PS-MA-mGM-CSF, pIRES-PSMA, and pIRES-mGM-CSF were constructed with DNA vaccine vector pIRES. After identified by endonuclease digestion, the above 3 plasmids and blank pIRES vector were used to immunize C56BL/6 mice (n=15). LDH release assay was used to exam the cytotoxicity of cytolytic T lymphocytes in each group. Results: We successfully constructed the above mentioned recombinant plasmids. Mice in pIRES-PSMA-mGM-CSF immunized group had the highest specific cytotoxicity, followed by pIRES-PS-MA and pIRES-mGM-CSF immunized groups. The blank pIRES group had the lowest cytotoxicity (P<0.05). The cytotoxicity was the highest in all 4 groups at an effector/target ratio of 10/1. Conclusion: The bicistronic DNA vaccine expressing PSMA and mGM-CSF may have a promising therapeutic value in gene therapy of prostate cancer.

Animals ; Catalysis ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Osseointegration ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Photochemical Processes ; Surface Properties ; radiation effects ; Time Factors ; Titanium ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; radiation effects ; Ultraviolet Rays

OBJECTIVE: To establish the quality standard of Shujinzhuanggu pill. METHODS: Thin-layer chromatography(TLC) was employed for the qualitative determination of Psoralea corylifolia,Panax notoginseng,Angelica sinensis, Cyperus rotundus and Dipsacus asperoides. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was applied for the determination of Psoralen in psoralea corylifolia in Shujin zhuanggu pill. RESULTS: The characteristic identification by TLC was distinctive and highly specific. The linear range of Psoralen was 0.04～0.28 ?g (r=0.999 2). The average recovery was 98.84 and RSD was 2.17%. CONCLUSION:The established standard can be used for the quality control of Shujin zhuanggu pill.

Objective To explore the influence of score sheet of colostomy on reduction of complication in non-hospitalized patients with colostomy stoma.Methods 186 patients with colostomy stoma were randomly divided into group A and group B.Group A used the score sheet of colostomy with nurses during hospitalization and after discharge.Group B were in routine treatment without using the score sheet of colostomy.The two groups were followed-up by phone or by visiting in the following 1,3,6 months after discharge.Results The complications between the two groups were evaluated.The risk of the complications was only 14.0％ in group A,and the risk in group B was 36.6％.The results of self-satisfaction degree was significantly different between two groups.Conclusions The use of the score sheet of colostomy can significantly reduce the incidence of stoma complications and obviously improve the quality of life of the patients with colostomy.

Objective To analyse the differential expression of miRNAs in the brain of offsprings of hypothyroid and normal rats,and to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of hypothyroidism on brain development in the offspring.Methods Forty-eight female Wistar rats were assigned to (1) control group (n =24),and (2) hypothyroid group after complete thyroidectomy (n =24).Serum TSH and Total thyroxine (T4) were measured one month after the surgery.Brain samples of fetal or postnatal rats were obtained during four different developmental stages:embryonic days (E) 13,E17,postnatal days (P) 0 and P7.The hippocampus and cortex were separated on P7.MiRNAs were isolated from tissues and two samples were used at each time point studied to reduce the influence of individual differences.The brain samples were detected by Gene Chip miRNA arrays (Affymetrix).Results In the brain tissues of fetal or neonatal rats of maternal hypothyroid rats,two miRNAs (mir-206,-324-5p) on E13,three miRNAs (mir-34c,-204,-194) in cortex on P7,and five miRNAs (mir-146b,-532-5p,-384-5p,-215,-212) in hippocampus on P7 were up-regulated by over 2 folds.Five miRNAs (mir-200b,-200c,-217,-672,-139-5p) on E17,one miRNA (mir-376-3p) on P0,and four miRNA (mir-672,-204,-335,-376-3p) in hippocampus on P7 were decreased by 50％ or more.Conclusion The miRNA expression profiles in the rat brain of offspring with maternal hypothyroidism are characterized by miRNA arrays.The identification of a subset of brain expressed miRNAs in the brain may explain the brain development abnormalities resulting from maternal hypothyroidism.

Lactic acid production of twelve strains of LAB isolated from broiler intestine and tolerance property of three strains were investigated. The results of lactic acid production showed that among all strains K6 exhibited the most rapid production during the first twelve hours, the seconds were K9 and C1; D17 exhibited the highest production of lactic acid by twenty-four hours, C1 exhibited the highest production of lactic acid by forty-eight hours. The pH values in three strains of K9、D17 and C1 culture showed the fast decline during the first twelve hours, with the final values significantly lower than those of other strains cultures. The results of tolerance property showed that the survival counts of C1could be detected when pH value was at 2 after three hours, but the survival counts of D17 and K9 could not be detected after one hour. When pH value was at 2.5 after three hours ,the survival counts of C1 declined from 10~ 8.2 /mL to 10~ 4.8 /mL, K9 from 10~ 8.2 /mL to 10~ 4.6 /mL, the survival counts of D17 could not be detected. 0.08% bile had few effects on the survival counts of three strains; when incubated in the medium with 0.40% bile, the survival counts of C1 declined from 10~ 8.4 /mL to 10~ 6.5 /mL,D17 from 10~ 10.3 /mL to 10~ 7.5 /mL, and K9 from 10~ 9.8 /mL to 10~ 7.7 /mL. When the group treated with 37℃ for 20 minutes was served as the control, the survival counts of C1 and K9 was not detected when treated with 80℃, but the survival counts of D17 were 10~ 4.9 /mL, when treatment with 65℃ the survival counts of C1 and K9 decreased significantly .

Objective To identify the significance of neuropsychological single-item scales in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods A total of 676 elderly people living around Dongzhimen district in Beijing were recruited using multistage sampling method.Cognitive function was assessed by minimum mental state examination (MMSE)and other scales.MCI was diagnosed based on the criteria proposed by Petersen (1999),and AD was diagnosed based on the NINCDS-ADRDA.Subjects were divided into normal cognitive group (n=213 cases,31.5％),Alzheimer's disease (AD) group (n=167 cases,24.7％),amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) group (n=186 cases,27.5 ％) and non-AD dementia group (110 cases,16.3 ％).Results The MMSE scores in AD,aMCI and normal groups were 23.0 ± 5.9,25.9±2.6,8.1 ± 1.7,respectively.There were significant differences in MMSE scores between AD,aMCI and NC groups separately (all P＜0.01).Compared with MCI and NC group,th scores of time orientation,attention,calculation and immediate recall and delayed recall were significantly decreased in AD group (all P＜0.01).Comparing with normal group,the scores of attention and calculation were reduced in aMCI group (both P＜0.01).The delayed story recall (DSR) scores in AD,aMCI and NC groups were 15.7 ± 11.7,7.6 ± 4.9,26.5 ± 9.3,respectively.There were significant differences in mean DSR scores between AD,aMCI and NC groups separately (all P＜0.01).Compared with normal group,the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores were higher and the mean clock drawing task (CDT)scores were lower in AD and aMCI groups (both P＜0.01).Conclusions Both neuropsychological assessment tools such as MMSE and single-item scales such as delayed story recall have the certain significance in the diagnosis of MCI and AD.