Bronchial asthma is one of the most common children health problems, with still increasing prevalence.Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a characteristic feature of asthma,and its measurement may provide a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of asthma. Many children with asthma go into long-term clinical remission at adolescence, but bronchial hyperresponsiveness persists in approximately one half of these subjects, so implement the bronchial provocative tests in children with asthma remission may appears very important.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current application situation and the trend of development of oral hypolipidemic drugs in Hangzhou area.METHODS: The consumption sum and the defined daily dose(DDDs) of the oral anti-hyperlipidemia drugs in 20 hospitals in Hangzhou area during 2004～2006 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: The consumption sum of hypolipidemic drugs increased year by year,up 47.4% in 2006 as comapred with that in 2004.Atorvastatin calcium,simvastatin and fenofibrate ranked ahead in both consumption sum and DDDs.CONCLUSION: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors assumed a dominant role among all the hypolipidemic drugs used in Hangzhou area.

After a description of medical literature retrieval teaching in our library, the contents in the designed medical literature retrieval practice course teaching and the ideas for its reform, the competitive practice method was proposed according to the characteristics of subjects in which the undergraduates were majored and the experi-ence with several teaching models such as PBL, the effect of its implementation was analyzed with its related prob-lems and measures for their solution pointed out.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors for fungal infection in hospitalized patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),and provide basis for taking preventive and control measures.Methods Clini-cal data of 112 inpatients with AIDS in a tertiary first-class hospital from January 2010 to October 2015 were ana-lyzed retrospectively,related risk factors were analyzed in patients with fungal infection,univariate analysis was performed byχ2 or t test,and multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis.Results Among 112 AIDS inpatients,41 (36.61%)had fungal infection.Candida albicans was the main pathogen (n=52, 76.74%)and was mainly isolated from lower respiratory tract (n=29,42.65%).Univariate analysis showed that invasive procedures,duration of antimicrobial use,combined antimicrobial use,and decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood were risk factors for fungal infection in AIDS inpatients(all P<0.05),while oral cleaning care and systemic antiviral therapy were protective factors for fungal infection(all P<0.05);multivariate analysis showed that decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood(OR,1.017[95% CI,1.009-1.025])and combined antimicrobial use(OR,3.975[95%CI,1.093-14.448])were independent risk factors for fungal infection in AIDS inpatients,while systemic antiviral therapy was independent protective factor for fungal infection (OR, 0.288[95%CI,0.099-0.841]).Conclusion There are many factors influencing fungal infection in AIDS patients, rational use of antimicrobial agents,systemic antiviral therapy,and increasing serum albumin concentration are main methods to prevent fungal infection,avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and application of preventive antifungal therapy for high-risk patients are also effective to prevent fungal infection.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; metabolism ; Fibrinolysis ; drug effects ; Glycoproteins ; blood ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; blood ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; blood ; drug therapy ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; blood

Objective: To examine the microbial flora within the root canals with failed root canal therapy by PCR test, to identify detection rate of bacteria and the predominant bacteria species, and to determine the association of the various species with clinical features. Methods: Forty roots with failed root canal therapy were selected for this study. According to clinical features the roots were divided into three groups: pain, fistula and symptomless. After removal of the root filling material, the microbial samples were taken from the canal and detected by PCR test. Results: The microbial flora within root canals of teeth with failed root canal therapy was found to be mixed, six kinds of bacteria were detected. Enterococcus faecalis was the most commonly recovered bacteria species. Significant associations were observed between Prevotella nigrescens and pain, while dependablity was observed between Actinomyces israelii and fistula. Conclusion: The main cause of root canal treatment failure is the persistent microorganisms. The composition of bacteria in teeth with failed root canal therapy has its own specificity.

Objective To observe the changes of STAT3 signaling transduction pathway and autophagy activity in human glomerular mesangial cells cultured in high glucose, as well as the effect of STAT3 on autophagy, exploring whether SAT3 further influence extracellular matrix proteins type IV collagen secretion through the regulation of autophagy. Methods Culture human renal mesangial cells under different conditions, STAT3 pathway was inhibited with specific blocking agent S3I?201 and siRNA respectively. The experiment was divided into: (1) Control group: normal glucose concentration; (2) High glucose group: divided into 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h incubation group. (3) High glucose+S3I?201 group: pretreated cells with 30 μmol/L S3I?201 (Selleck S1155) for 1 h, then incubation with high glucose for another 24 hours. (4) High glucose+STAT3?siRNA group: siRNA transfection firstly, then incubation with high glucose for 24 hours. (5) High glucose+S3I?201+3?MA group: pretreated cells with 2 mmol/L 3?MA (Selleck S2767) and 30 μmol/L S3I?201 for 1 h, then incubation with high glucose for another 24 hours. Western blot was employed to detect the protein of STAT3, p?STAT3 and autophagy related protein LC3, p62 expressions. The changes of autophagosome quantity was observed with transmission electron microscope. The extracellular matrix protein collagen IV expression was measured with ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, glomerular mesangial cells cultured with high glucose for 24h, the expressions of STAT3 and p?STAT3 increased (P<0.01), while the expression of autophagy related proteins LC3II/LC3I decreased. The expression of p62 increased and the number of autophagosome reduced under transmission electron microscope, which all indicated the decrease of autophagy activity (P<0.05). Blocking STAT3 signaling pathway with S3I?201 and STAT3?siRNA respectively, compared with high glucose group, LC3II/LC3I was up?regulated and p62 was down?regulated, and the number of autophagosome was increased significantly, which all indicated the increase of autophagy activity (P<0.05). Extracellular matrix proteins collagen IV expression of cells cultured with high glucose was higher than the control group (P<0.05), and the application of S3I?201 blocking STAT3 pathway caused type IV collagen expression to decrease (P<0.05). The application of the autophagy inhibitor 3?MA could convert the result and lead to an increase of type IV collagen expression (P<0.01). Conclusions High glucose could active STAT3 signaling pathway of human renal mesangial cell and increase STAT3, p?STAT3 expression. High glucose could inhibit autophagy activity of human renal mesangial cells. Inhibition of STAT3 pathway activation may reduce the inhibitory effect of high glucose on autophagy of human renal mesangial cells. High glucose leads to an increase of type IV collagen secretion of human glomerular mesangial cells. The activation of STAT3 pathway may increase type IV collagen secretion through negative regulation of autophagy, which eventually leads to diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To observe the role of the health education model in pain self- efficacy for patients with cancer pain. Methods Sixty- four patients suffering from cancer pain were enrolled into the study and self- contrast experiment was made on each patient. The health education model was set up and health education for each patient with cancer pain was implemented. The pain, self- efficacy, cancer pain knowledge before and after the intervention were observed by Numerical Rating Scale (NRS),Chronic Pain Self- efficacy Scale(CPSS) and Cancer Pain Knowledge Questionnaire. Results NRS score were (5.38 ±0.19) points and (1.05 ± 0.11) points before and after the intervention, and there was significant difference (t =25.288, P = 0.000). Before intervention, pain management self- efficacy, physical function self- efficacy, symptom coping self- efficacy of CPSS scores were (10.38 ±0.37) , (20.97±0.81) , (16.86 ± 0.49) points, while after the intervention, the scores were (19.31± 0.30) , (33.25 ± 0.60) , (29.75 ±0.51) points, there were significant differences ( t = -33.225, -18.236, -18.235, all P = 0.000). Before and after the intervention, the answer rate of Cancer Pain Knowledge Questionnaire was 50.00%(32/64) and 87.50%(56/64), there was significant difference( χ2=20.51, P < 0.01). Conclusions To set up the health education model and implement health education for each patient with cancer pain can improve the patient′s pain management and enhance self-efficacy.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of multiple drug resistant bacterial infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and provide guidance for disease control and prevention. Methods Clinical data of 814 COPD patients were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to May 2015, including patient's age, gender, smoking history, age of onset, severity, aggravated frequency, duration of exacerbations, diabetes mellitus, complications, use frequency and use duration of glucocorticoid, use frequency of antimicrobial agents and use duration of each time, types of antimicrobial drugs used, combined with antibacterial drugs, plasma albumin concentration, blood glucose, bacteria culture detection of multi drug resistant bacteria infection. The risk factors of multi drug resistant bacteria infection were analyzed. Results A total of 857 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 814 COPD patients with pulmonary infection. Multiple drug resistant bacteria infection were detected in 170 cases, and 175 strains (20.42%) were detected. The detection rate of multi drug resistant/PAN resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR/PDR-PA) was 55.38% (36/65). There were significant differences in patients with multi drug resistant bacteria infection between different clinical pathological characteristics. Logistic regression analysis showed that the acute exacerbation duration (days), long time use of antimicrobial drugs, and high frequency of corticosteroids and antibiotics use were independent risk factor of multi drug resistant bacteria infection in COPD patients. Conclusion Prevention and treatment of multiple drug resistant bacteria infection in COPD patients should pay attention to the combination of community and hospital, and take effective measures to prevent and control the risk factors.

Objective To analyze risk factors of multiple drug-resistant infections in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods The clinical data from 284 hospitalized pediatric patients were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to July 2015 . The differences between 59 cases with multiple drug-resistant infections and 225 cases with non-multiple drug-resistant infections were compared and analyzed by logistic regression. Results All of 284 cases were single birth. Fifty-nine cases ( 13 . 13 ± 9 . 03 days old) had multiple drug-resistant infections, in which 42 were males and 17 were females. Two hundred and twenty-ifve cases ( 14 . 21 ± 8 . 34 days old) had non-multiple drug-resistant infections, in which 175 cases of males and 50 cases of females. Single factor analysis showed that 8 factors, including gestational age, birth weight, days in hospital, Apgar score at birth, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, and the categories and duration of use of antimicrobial agents, were the risk factors of multiple drug-resistant infections (P?