No abstract available.
Heart Defects, Congenital*

Correct discrimination of the first and the second twin is important. Case: (1) The first fetus, whose amnionic cavity was closest to the cervix at 19 weeks, even though its body was higher than the second fetus, was found to be closer to the cervix by 23 gestational weeks than its twin. (2) The result of the chromosomal study of dichorionic twins at 17 gestational weeks was male with 9 inversion of the presumed first, and female with trisomy 21 of the presumed second. AT 19 gestational weeks, the sex and order of the two were found to be reversed at sonography for selective termination. In diamnionic twins, the fetus in the amnionic sac closest to the cervix is nominated as the first.
Amnion ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Fetus* ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Twins*

PURPOSE: Three-dimensional(3D) magnetic resonance(MR) projection imaging was evaluated as a noninvasive alternative to direct cholangiography for the assessment of its reliability in patients with obsructive jaundice. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A heavily T2-weighted gradient-echo sequence(PSIF) was used for 3D MR projecion imaging of the biliary system in five healthy volunteers and 25 patients with obstructive jaundice. The 3D images of the bile ducts were formed by stacking consecutive coronal MR images obtained with a fast imaging method to a maximum-intensity projection algorithm. RESULTS: In the volunteers, MR cholangiography could demonstrate the anatomy of the biliary tract in only two subjects. The extrahepatic and intraheparic bile ducts were well visualized in 23 patients with obstructive jaundice. The leve of obstruction and the grade of dilatation were dipicted with MR cholangiography in all cases. And the cause of obstruction could be determined with MR cholangiography in 18 cases, MR cholangiography was successful in two patients in whom ERCP failed. The gallbladder or dilated pancreatic duct not demonstrated by means of direct cholangiography was demonstrated with MR cholangiography in six cases.
Bile Ducts ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiography* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Dilatation ; Gallbladder ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Volunteers

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to empirically investigate the determinants on oxygen free radical degree which causes biological damage focusing on smoking habit and health behaviors in daily life. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the subjects were adult males who submitted free radical tests among the examinees of the comprehensive medical testings at an university hospital in Suwon from 2008 to 2010. Total 497 samples were used in analyses for clarifying the relations of free radical degree to age, smoking, obesity, and other health behaviors. RESULTS: First, the degree of oxygen free radical increases by 0.164 as the age group increases (P<0.05). Second, the degree of oxygen free radical increases by 0.547 as the smoking habit increases (P<0.001). Third, the degree of oxygen free radical increases by 0.087 as the exposure to hazardous factors in workplace increases (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study imply that the smoking habit has more great influence on the increase of oxygen free radical in body than any other health behaviors. The causality of free radical to smoking and health behavior was not identified due to the limit of the cross-sectional study so it needs to be studied prospectively in the future.
Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Free Radicals ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Oxygen ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hemolytic*

No abstract available.
Hypertension, Renovascular*

BACKGROUND: As indicators of obesity, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and adiponectin are well known risk factor for diabetes mellitus. The objectives of this study were to measure the independent association between these obesity indicators and diabetes and to examine the combined effect of these indicators on diabetes in a Korean population. METHODS: The WC, BMI, and serum adiponectin were measured in 6,505 healthy Koreans and were classified into tertile groups for men and women. The independent and combined associations of the obesity indicators with diabetes were measured using logistic regression analyses. Diabetes was defined as fasting serum glucose greater than 126 mg/dL or taking medication. RESULTS: Levels of adiponectin were inversely associated with BMI and WC and directly associated with age and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) cholesterol (P <0.001). After adjusting for age, WC, and other lifestyle factors, low levels of adiponectin were associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes. Further adjustment for HDL cholesterol and triglyceride attenuated this association in both men and women. The best cut-off value of adiponectin in terms of identifying the presence of diabetes was 5.5 /ml with a sensitivity and specificity of 46.7% and 63.9% for men and 9.5 /ml with a sensitivity and specificity of 68.2% and 55.2 for women. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that adiponectin was associated with diabetes. The association was independent of WC and was partly modified by HDL and triglyceride. There were no effect modifications of adiponectin with WC on diabetes.
Adiponectin* ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: Lymphoproliferative lesions of the ocular adnexa were analyzed to examine the final outcome, recurrence and extraorbital spread. METHODS: The biopsies and clinical follow up data for 55 patients (68 eyes) with ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed according to the WHO classification. RESULTS: The ocular-adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions were located as follows: orbit in 49 eyes, conjunctiva in 18 eyes, eyelid in 1 eye. The three main subtypes of lymphoma according to the WHO classification were extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue (MALT-lymphoma) (62 eyes), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2 eyes), and benign lymphoid hyperplasia (4 eyes). Remission was achieved at 60eyes. Recurrence was occurred in 7eyes (orbit: 4, conjunctiva: 3) of MALT-lymphoma cases. Location of lymphoma at presentation was not a predictor for recurrence (conjunctiva 16.7%, orbit 8.2%; p>0.05), but bilaterality at presentation was predictive values for recurrence by a statistically significant difference(bilateral 23.1%, unilateral 4.8%; p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Most common ocular adnexal lymphoma in Korea was MALT- lymphoma (91.2%). Bilaterality has a predictive values on recurrence, and extraorbital spread was found only in orbital MALT-lymphoma. It is suggested that orbital MALT- lymphoma should be treated with excisional biopsy and subsequent low dose radiotherapy and followed up indefinity.
Biopsy ; Classification ; Conjunctiva ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Korea ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Orbit ; Prognosis* ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pain after a spinal laminectomy has very harmful effects on human physiology, and many people are trying to control it more easily and safely. There are controversies in methods used for controlling postoperative pain after a spinal laminectomy. The purpose of this study was to examine an effective way to control postoperative pain after a spinal laminectomy. METHODS: Ninety patients (ASA I-II, aged 40 to 70) scheduled for a spinal laminectomy were divided into three groups. In group A, we administered fentanyl 1,000 microgram and morphine 5 mg (mixed in 0.9% normal saline) using the continuous epidural infuser; in group B, we administered fentanyl 500 microgram and morphine 5 mg and 0.25% bupivacaine (mixed in 0.9% normal saline) using the continuous epidural infuser; in group C, we administered fentanyl 1,500 microgram and morphine 10 mg (mixed in 0.9% normal saline) using the continuous IV infuser. We compared effects between the continuous epidural infusion and the continuous intravenous infusion by using the visual analogue scale and side effects. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between continuous epidural infusion groups. When the continuous epidural infusion groups and the continuous IV infusion group were compared, there were significant differences in 3 hr, 6 hr, and 12 hr VAS scores (P < 0.01). The incidence of side effects was very low, and there was no significant difference in side effects between the continuous epidural infusion and the continuous IV infusion groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that continuous epidural infusion methods were more effective than the continuous IV infusion method, but none of them showed satisfactory postoperative pain control in the early periods.
Bupivacaine ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Laminectomy* ; Morphine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Physiology