Normal C3WHeN strain mice exposed to topical 8inethoxypsomlen plus long wave ultraviolet (PUVA) showed a reduction in contact hypersensitivity, (CH) which was localized to the skin in the area of PUVA treatment (local suppression), whereas systemic PUVA treatment caused diffuse suppression of CH reaction, regardless of the application site of 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB). There seem to be two different mechanisms responsible for CH reduction by PUVA. Local suppression by topical PUVA treatment was thought to be a result of blocking the afferent phase of immune response, it was associated with a lack of CH effector cells in the peripheral lymph nodes and could not be reversed by indomethacin treatment. Diffuse suppression induced by systemic PUVA treatment seemed to be associated with blocking of egress of effector cells from the regional lymph nodes, this depressed CH response was prevented when indomethacin was administered before PUVA treatment.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Indomethacin ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice ; Skin

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) in measuring peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in glaucomatous eyes. METHODS: Fifty glaucomatous eyes were evaluated in this study. Evaluations were analyzed two ways. First, parameters of the Stratus OCT (average thickness, superior/ inferior average) and GDx VCC (TSNIT average, nerve fiber indicator (NFI), superior/ inferior average) were correlated using the Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). Secondly, comparison (r) of these parameters was completed using the mean deviation (MD) of visual field defect. RESULTS: The following parameters were found to be significantly correlated (P<0.005). TSNIT average/average thickness (r=0.673), NFI/average thickness (r=-0.742), superior average (r=0.841), and inferior average (r=0.736). In the correlation analysis using the severity of visual field defect, all these parameters had statistically meaningful correlations (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: GDx VCC and Stratus OCT are highly correlated in glaucomatous eyes. Therefore, peripapillary RNFL thickness measured by Stratus OCT and GDx VCC may be equally helpful in the diagnosis of glaucoma.
Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods ; Severity of Illness Index ; Retina/*pathology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Laser Scanning Cytometry/*methods ; Humans ; Glaucoma/*pathology ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult

Since the first report by Tansini in 1896, the latissimus dorsi muscle free flap has been widely used for various types of soft tissue defect due to reliable anatomy with a sufficient diameter of neurovascular pedicle and a sizable muscle. However, for relatively small soft tissue defect, latissimus dorsi free flap offers several distinct disadvantages of donor site including loss of the posterior axillary fold and flattening of the posterolateral chest wall, weakness of upper arm strength in extension, adduction and internal rotation. We treated three patients having various types of soft tissue defect using segmental latissimus dorsi muscular free flap depending on its descending branch of thoracodorsal neurovascular pedicles. There were no serious complications during 18 months of mean follow-up. We concluded that this method has some advantages such as no weakness of strength of the upper arm including walking on crutches, preserving the posterior axillary fold, preventing winging of the scapula and increased chance of using a flow-through technique. Here we present our cases of reconstruction of soft tissue defect using segmental latissimus dorsi free flap with a review of the literature.
Arm ; Crutches ; Follow-Up Studies ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Humans ; Scapula ; Superficial Back Muscles* ; Thoracic Wall ; Tissue Donors ; Walking

High output heart failure due to congenital arteriovenous fistula is a rare disease and is difficult to treat. A 27 year old man, suffering from dyspnea, palpitation, lower extremity edema, and abdominal distension admitted May, 1987. At admission there were continuous thrill and bruit at left supraclavicular and infraclavicular area. The heart sound was irregular and rapid, and grade IV/VI pansystolic murmur was audible at the apex. Chest PA showed marked cardiomegaly with pleural effusion and notching at superior aspect of left 2nd rib. Selective left subclavian artery angiogram showed extensive congenital arteriovenous fistula at the area of left subclavian artery and its branches. After setrial feeding artery embolization and palliative operation, the fistula size decreased much with clinical improvement.
Adult ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Cardiomegaly ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Fistula ; Heart Failure ; Heart Sounds ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Pleural Effusion ; Rare Diseases ; Ribs* ; Subclavian Artery* ; Thorax

The pathological changes of the gastric rumen produced by rocking stress in 38 young male albino rats fed on low protein diet for a short period and in 20 young male albino rats fed on low protein diet only as the control rats, were investigated macroscopically and histologically. The ulcerative lesions of the gastric rumen were observed in 17 out of 38 experimental rats accompanied with hyperplasia and cornification of the ruminal epithelial layer and more or less edematous changes of the tunica propria near the ulcer site. The authors, finding of the ruminal ulcer in albino rats produced by rocking stress associated with feeding on a low protein diet for a short period were compared with the results of others. The authors discussed other opinions concerning of the gastric ruminal ulcer of the albino rats produced in various ways.
Animal ; Male ; Protein Deficiency/complications* ; Rats ; Rumen* ; Stomach Ulcer/etiology* ; Stomach Ulcer/pathology ; Stress*

PURPOSE: The use of pre- and intraoperative vitreous bevacizumab injection and combined lens extraction with vitrectomy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is increasing. In this study we analyzed the incidence and risk factors of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after vitrectomy for PDR. METHODS: Patients who underwent vitrectomy for PDR from January 2004 to June 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. The cumulative incidence of NVG was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to lens status (preoperative pseudophakic group, simultaneous cataract surgery group, sequential cataract surgery group, non-cataract surgery group). The differences in incidence between the groups were determined by the Chi-square test. Finally, to analyze the risk factors associated with the occurrence of NVG, the Cox's regression model was used. RESULTS: Of the 614 eyes (402 patients), 284 were males and 330 were females. The mean age was 55.8 +/- 10.46 years (range 30-81 years) and the mean follow-up period was 36.6 months (range 1-93 months). Thirty-four of 614 patients (5.5%) developed postoperative NVG after vitrectomy. The probability of NVG occurrence at 6 and 12 months after vitrectomy was 0.7% and 2.5%, respectively. The incidence between the 4 groups did not show a statistically significant difference. The risk factors for postoperative NVG were male gender (RR = 3.01 p = 0.004), preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab injection (RR = 7.20, p < 0.001), and reoperation (RR = 3.18, p = 0.0037). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of NVG after vitrectomy in patients with PDR was 5.5%. Lens status was not associated with NVG occurrence. The risk factors related to NVG were male gender, preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab injection, and reoperation.
Cataract ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma, Neovascular* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Phacoemulsification ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Vitrectomy* ; Bevacizumab

A 33-year-old-woman with twin pregnancy underwent genetic amniocentesis in our hospital at 16 weeks of gestation. Fetal chromosomal analysis showed 46,XY,inv(9) and 47,XX,+21. The affected twin was terminated by ultrasonographically guided intracardiac injection of 3 ml potassium chloride solution at 19 weeks of gestation. A healthy 2570 g male infant was born by cesarean section with Apgar scores of 8 and 9 at one and five minutes, respectively.
Amniocentesis ; Cesarean Section ; Down Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Potassium Chloride ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Twins, Dizygotic*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the types of glaucoma in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) and analyze the glaucomatous changes in patients with normal intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: A retrospective chart analysis of patients diagnosed with PXS was performed. The types of glaucoma were classified based on the IOP, optic disc examination, visual field test results, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) results. Other than those with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG), the normal IOP patients with PXS were divided into glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous groups. Later, the glaucomatous group was clinically compared to the non-glaucomatous group. RESULTS: The records of 40 patients with PXS were evaluated. Among the 48 PXS eyes, high pressure glaucoma was found in 21 eyes (43.75%), low pressure glaucoma in 5 eyes (10.42%), and non-glaucoma in 19 eyes (39.58%). However, in the 32 fellow eyes without PXS, 2 eyes (6.25%), 8 eyes (25%), and 20 eyes (62.5%) showed the above diseases, respectively. In result, PXS affected the glaucomatous change (odds ratio = 2.544, p = 0.045). By contrast, in PXS patients with normal IOP, PXS did not affect the glaucomatous change (p = 0.519). CONCLUSIONS: Diverse types of glaucoma including low pressure glaucoma may exist in patients with PXS. Considering the possibility of low pressure glaucoma in patients with PXS is necessary.
Exfoliation Syndrome ; Eye ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Field Tests

The amniotic band syndrome is a collection of congenital deformities presurmably due to rupture of amniotic sac. It appears to cause fetal injury through three basic mechanisms including malformation, disruption, and deformation. The associated anomalies vary firom minor digital defect to major craniofacial and visceral defects. They can be categorized as neural tube-like defects, craniofacial anomalies, limb anomalies, abdominal and thoracic wall defects, visceral anomalies, and constriction bands. We had expericnced a case of severe congenital craniofacial anomaly due to amniotic bands diagnosed by ultrasonogram in the antenatal period is presented with a brief review of the literatures.
Amniotic Band Syndrome* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Constriction ; Extremities ; Infant, Newborn ; Rupture ; Thoracic Wall ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Goggles are frequently worn in the sport of swimming and are designed to form a seal around the periorbital tissue orbit. The resultant pressure on the eye may have the potential to affect intraocular pressure and blood flow of the optic nerve head. This study evaluates the influence of wearing swimming goggles on intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood flow of the ocular nerve head (ONH) in normal subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty healthy participants took part in this study. The IOP of each participant was measured using a Goldmann tonometer. Measurements were taken immediately before putting on swimming goggles, at 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after putting on swimming goggles, and then immediately after taking off the goggles. Blood flow of the ONH was measured using the Heidelberg retinal flowmeter. RESULTS: The average IOP before, during and after wearing the swimming goggles were 11.88 +/- 2.82mmHg, 14.20 +/- 2.81 mmHg and 11.78 +/- 2.89mmHg, respectively. The IOP increased immediately after putting on the goggles (p < 0.05) and then returned to normal values immediately after removal (p > 0.05). Blood flow of the ONH was 336.60 +/- 89.07 Arbitrary Units (AU) before and 319.18 +/- 96.02 AU after the goggles were worn (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A small but significant IOP elevation was observed immediately after the swimming goggles were put on. This elevated IOP was maintained while the goggles were kept on, and then returned to normal levels as soon as they were taken off. Blood flow of the ONH did not change significantly throughout the experiment. These facts should be considered for safety concerns, especially in advanced glaucoma patients.
Adult ; Eye Protective Devices/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Optic Disk/*blood supply ; Regional Blood Flow ; *Swimming ; Time Factors