No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis*

Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been known to regulate the salivary secretion and glandular blood flow. However, the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) responsible for NO synthesis has not been well studied in salivary glands. The present study was aimed to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase isoforms (endothelial, neuronal, and inducible NOS). Immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal mouse anti-endothelial NOS, anti-neuronal NOS, and anti-inducible NOS, was performed in 3 major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular and sublingual gland) of the rat. Endothelial NOS (eNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was observed in arterial endothelium, striated duct, granular convoluted duct of the submandibular gland, intercalated duct, and mucous acinar cells of the sublingual gland. The eNOS-positive immunoreactivity was most prominent in the arterial endothelial layer and that of the striated and granular convoluted duct was well concentrated in columnar epithelial layer. In the intercalated duct and mucous acinus, eNOS-positive immunoreactivity was weakly detected. Neural NOS (nNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was observed in submandibular ganglion, autonomic postganglionic fiber, striated duct, granular convoluted duct, and intercalated duct. nNOS-positive immunoreactivity of the submandibular ganglion and autonomic postganglionic fiber was most prominent and that of the ductal system was well concentrated in the epithelial layer. eNOS-positive immunoreactivity was not detected either in excretory ducts or in serous acinar cells. Inducible NOS-positive immunoreactivity was not detected. There results reveal the presence of eNOS and nNOS in the salivary gland, which may be related with regulation of the glandular secretion and blood flow through synthesis and secretion of NO.
Acinar Cells ; Animals ; Endothelium ; Ganglia, Autonomic ; Ganglion Cysts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats ; Salivary Glands* ; Sublingual Gland ; Submandibular Gland

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Tongue*

Although the glands of von Ebner have been believed to be purely serous glands, they may be of the mixed type in some cases. In order to ascertain the occurrence of mucous cells in the glands and to study the staining properties of them, the authors obtained 23 vallate papillae from 7 Korean adult tongues, cut them serially and stained them with the hematoxylin and eosin, mucicarmine, mucihematein, toluidin blue or ferric mannitol technic. Observing numerous glands of von Ebner opening into the furrows of 23 vallate papillae, the authors found 9 glandular lobules of the mixed type belonging to 8 Vallate papillae (2 lobules out of 9 belonged to one papilla). The mucous cells in the mixed glandular lobules of the glands showed mucin reactions with mucicarmine and mucihematein, and revealed a typical metachromatism by toluidin blue and safranin O.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Jaw*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the learning experience, knowledge, and performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in newly graduated nurses, and to identify differences related to learning experience. METHODS: The participants were 114 new nurses in the hospital. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included CPR learning experience. They were evaluated by a written test and a skill test using a manikin and check list. RESULTS: All participants attended CPR lectures and underwent practice while in university. Only 12.28% of participants were taught by a certified Basic Life Support (BLS) instructor. The mean scores of the written and skill tests were 79.82+/-12.69 and 64.41+/-11.71, respectively. The nurses lacked CPR knowledge related to checking breathing, the frequency of 30 chest compressions, compression rate, and automated external defibrillator use. They also lacked skill in performing CPR related to checking breathing and pulse and giving 2 breaths. CPR performance differed according to learning time (p=.047) and BLS educator (p=.029). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study reveal that CPR performance by newly graduated nurses is poor and suggest that CPR education by trained instructors, practice-based education, and reeducation programs must be provided to newly graduated nurses in the hospital.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Defibrillators ; Learning ; Lectures ; Manikins ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Respiration ; Thorax

To evaluate of the relationship between basal ganglia lesion and portal-systemic encephalopathy, eleven patients who had clinically proved liver cirrhosis with superior mesenteric vein larger than 10mm in diameter on ultrasonogram underwent brain MR imaging. No evidence of clinical or neuropsychiatric disturbance was observed in any patient at the time of the MR examination. Brain MR imaging revealed basal ganglia lesion characterized by bilateral, symmetric, high signal intensity without edema or mass effect on spin echo T1-weighted images in nine patients which included three patients with the past history of portal-systemic encephalopathy. It was concluded that excepted in the circumstances of other causes of the high signal intensity in basal ganglia on T1-weighted images such as fat, methemoglobin, melanin, neurofibromatosis, dense calcification, and parenteral nutrition, bilateral and symmetric high signal intensity lesion, in basal ganglia would be a useful MR finding of subclinical portal-systemic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis patients with no clinical or neuropsychiatric symptoms and larger than 10mm diameter of superior mesenteric vein in ultrasonography.
Basal Ganglia* ; Brain ; Edema ; Hepatic Encephalopathy* ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Melanins ; Mesenteric Veins ; Methemoglobin ; Neurofibromatoses ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to comparing the prevalence and correlationships between human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection in cervical samples among women with abnormal cervical cytology. METHODS: This study was included three hundred seventy four patients with a abnormal liquid-based cytology in Dankook University hospital. All of them underwent HPV DNA test and CT analysis with polymerase chain reaction. All patients also went through colposcopic directed cervical biopsies or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure, conization. The histo-pathologic results were classified as normal, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and carcinoma in situ (CIS). RESULTS: Abnormal liquid-based cytology patients were pathologically proven to have CIN. Among 374 patients, the number of within normal limits (chronic cervicitis) and koilocytosis was 186 cases (49.7%), CIN 1, 64 cases (17.1%), CIN 2, 16 cases (4.3%) CIN 3, 55 cases (14.7%), and CIS, 53 cases (14.2%). HPV DNA positive patients were 235 cases and HPV DNA negative patients were 139 cases. The impact of CT infection seems not to interfere with the development or even the progression of CIN. Thirty one patients had positive infection of CT (8.3%) and 343 patients were negative infection of CT (91.7%). Both HPV and CT positive infected patients were 25 cases (6.7%) in abnormal cytologic women. The correlation between HPV and CT DNA positive among women with abnormal cytology was statistically significant. (P=0.022) CONCLUSION: This study suggests that CT infection is associated with HPV infection, but the clinical significance of the association between CT and HPV infection remains to be elucidated.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Chlamydia ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; Conization ; DNA ; Female ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence

Ever since Fujidani made his report in 1905, many workers have studied the chemical components of Panax Ginseng and their effects on depression of blood pressure. Ri1ey (1952) and other workers have demonstrated the degranulation of mast cells in experimental animaIs treated with some histamine liberators, and the existence of a histamine liberator in the water extract of ginseng has been demonstrated by pharmacological assay by Lee et aI (1960). This present study was intended observe the disruption and degranulation of mesenteric mast cells of rats administered the water extract of ginseng, which might contain the histamine liberator. Variab1e doses of the water extract were injected intraperitoneally, and the degranulation of mesenteric mast cells was histologically demonstrated by means of toluidin blue, Giemsa, May-Gr nwa1d and Wright's stains. Degranulation began in the experimental group given 4ml of the extract mixed with 16cc. of Tyrode solution; the severity of degranulation increased probably with the dose of the extract, and extreme degranulation took place in the groups injected with dose of 6 or 8ml of the extract.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Coloring Agents ; Depression ; Histamine ; Mast Cells* ; Panax* ; Rats* ; Water*

BACKGROUND: In Korea, the prevalence of tuberculosis and hepatitis is high, and combined therapy with rifampicin and pyrazinamide is used in tuberculosis, so drug induced hepatitis is not only problem of tuberculosis therapy but also cause of treatment failure. However most of recent reports on drug induced hepatitis during antituberculosis medication have dealt with its pathogenesis and have stressed the biochemical, and histopathological aspects of the disorder, whereas this study was designed primarily to provide information on the clinical features. METHOD: The subjects of study were 1414 patients treated with antituberculosis drugs on the department of chest medicine at National Medical Center during the 5-year 6-month period from January 1, 1988, to June 30, 1993. Retrospective analysis of clinical features for the 29 patients who developed drug induced hepatitis was done. RESULTS: 1) The incidence of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis was 2.1%. 2) Male to female ratio of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis was 2:1, but case rates among males and females were not significantly different. 3) Rates of drug induced hepatitis according to age distribution shows the most common incidence between 35 to 49 year old age group, but rates among groups of age were not significantly different. 4) Drug induced hepatitis was most common in the case of moderate advanced Pulmonary tuberculosis(rate is 2.78%), but rates among types of tuberculosis were not significantly different. 5) 18 cases(62%) of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis patients had no signs or symptoms. In remaining cases, they were nausea, vomiting, jaundice, hepatomegaly, icteric sclera, right upper quadrant -tenderness in order 6) 22 cases(76%) of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis cases had occurred within the first month. 7) The duration of abnormal liver function was 28±5(Mean±SD), ranged from 5 days to 180 days. 8) One case of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis died. 9) The levels of abnormal GOT ranged from 64 to 1055U/L and GPT from 68 to 931U/L. CONCLUSION: There are no decided predisposing factors of antituberculosis drug induced hepatitis, so it should be done biochemical monitoring as week as close monitoring for overt signs or symptoms of hepatitis to avoid the development of irreversible hepatic reaction, especially at the treatment of the first month.
Age Distribution ; Causality ; Female ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Liver ; Male ; Nausea ; Prevalence ; Pyrazinamide ; Retrospective Studies ; Rifampin ; Sclera ; Thorax ; Treatment Failure ; Tuberculosis ; Vomiting