Objective To explore the effects of AP on pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Alveolar macrophages (AM) were treated by AP for 24 hours. Pulmonary fibroblasts (FB) were cultured with the supernatant of AM medium. The protein of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-?1) of AM, the proliferative activity and hydroxyproline (Hyp) content of FB were examined. Rats were treated with AP by intratracheal instillation and sacrificed at 3 days. The TGF-?1 mRNA content in the lung was examined. Results The positive staining macrophages in low and high AP groups and the quantity of TGF-?1 in high AP group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P

Objective To study the effect of recombinant human growth hormone(rhgh) on the expressions of tumor necrosis factor a(TNFa) and endotoxemia in murine experimental obstructive jaundice(OJ) models.Methods Sixty adult male wistar rats.were randomly divided into three groups A: sham operation group(SO),20;B:OJ group,20;C: OJ+rhGH group,20.The rats in group OJ and OJ+rhGH suffered from bile duct ligation,while the SO group did not.Two weeks later,rats in OJ+rhGH group were injected with rhGH subcutaneously once a day.The dose was 0.75 Iu/kg.The other two groups were injected with the same amount of saline.The endotoxin(ETX),the liver function and TNFa were detected four weeks later.Result The level of ETX(0.036?0.010EU/m1) and TNFa(182.00?88.37lpg/ml) in OJ+rhGH were much lower than those in OJ group(0.065?0.011EU/m1 P

OBJECTIVE　To establish a method for the determination of paeoniflorin in Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet.METHODS　The tablets were extracted with 50% ethanol.The sample solution was applied on a silica gel G-CMC plate and developed with chloroform-methanol-glacial acetic acid (85∶13∶2) and was sprayed with sulfuric acid containing 5% vanillin.The separated spot was determined by scanning with CS-930 at λS=575 nm,λR=700 nm.RESULTS　The average recovery was 97.60% and the RSD was 3.67%.CONCLUSION　The results showed that this method is sensitive,specific,accurate and reproducible.

Objective To select the optimum extracting method of polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis(Franch. )Hara in Shaan'xi. Methods The optimum extraction technology and condition were determined by using response surface methodology and single factor experiment,with the extraction ratio of polysaccharides from Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis( Franch. ) Hara in Shaan'xi as indicator. Results The optimum extraction condition for the polysaccharides was as follows:extracting at 92 ℃ for 2. 6 h and with the liquid to solid ratio of 15 ( mLg). The average extraction yield of polysaccharide was 3. 22%under the optimum extraction condition. Conclusion The method is suitable for the extraction and determination of polysaccharides from Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis( Franch. ) Hara in Shaan'xi.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in lung tissue of mice with acute paraquat poisoning, and discuss its pathological mechanism.Methods Fifty-eight healthy male mice were randomly divided into control group (n = 8) and poisoned group (n = 50). The mice in poisoned group were lavaged with 20% paraquat (50 mg/kg), and those in control group with equal amount of normal saline. The mice were sacrificed on the day of experiment in control group, and those in poisoned group at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7, 14 days after poisoning. The lung tissue was harvested to observe the changes in pathology of lung with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The positive expression of HO-1 was determined with immunohistochemistry, and the protein expression of HO-1 was determined with Western Blot. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were determined.Results The mice showed shortness of breath and signs of exhaustion 1 hour after poisoning, getting worse on 3-5 days, but returned to normal 14 days after poisoning. Under the light microscope, it showed that the control group had no significant pathological changes in lung tissue. One day after the ingestion, pulmonary alveolar structure disorder, obvious hemorrhage, edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells were found. At 3 days, the pathological changes in the lung tissue were more pronounced. They were less pronounced on 7 days, and inflammatory changes disappeared on 14th day, but alveolar structure disorder remained. Immunohistochemical test showed that HO-1 was seldom expressed in the lung tissue, and a little amount was expressed in the mucosal epithelial cells of the airway in control group. It was shown that inflammatory cell and endothelial were mainly distributed in the mucosal epithelial cells of airway 1 day after poisoning followed by a gradually decrease tendence, and came to normal level of control group 7 days after poisoning. It was shown by Western Blot that HO-1 (gray value) in lung tissue increased 6 hours after poisoning (2.438±0.467 vs. 0.475±0.167,P< 0.01), peaked at 1 day (9.200±0.940 vs. 0.475±0.167,P< 0.01), continued to increase till 7 days after poisoning, and it lowered to normal level thereafter (0.825±0.260 vs. 0.475±0.167,P> 0.05). The SOD activity (μU/L) in lung tissue was lowered 6 hours after poisoning, and it was significantly lower than that of control group (649.681±13.951 vs. 1 167.051±15.744,P< 0.01), and it continued to decrease up to 14 days after poisoning (859.733±121.079 vs. 1 167.051±14.744,P< 0.01). MDA content (μmol/L) in the lung tissue homogenate was elevated 6 hours after poisoning with significant difference compared with that of the control group (4.542±0.266 vs. 3.705±0.176,P< 0.01). It peaked on day 1 (5.956±0.281 vs. 3.705±0.176,P< 0.01), then it declined and reached normal level 3 days after poisoning (4.134±0.168 vs. 3.705±0.176,P> 0.05).Conclusion HO-1 expression was increased significantly in lung tissue of mice with acute paraquat poisoning, which may be considered as an important protection mechanism against paraquat poisoning.

Mesaconitine was incubated with rat liver microsomes in vitro. The metabolites of mesaconitine in rat liver microsomes were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method with high resolution power. A typical reaction mixture of 100 mol L-1 Tris-HCI buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.5 gL-1 microsomal protein and 50 micro molL-1 mesaconitine was prepared. The above reaction mixture was divided into six groups, and the volume of each group was 200 micro L. The incubation mixture was pre-incubated at 37 degrees C for 2 min and the reactions were initiated by adding NADPH generating system. After 90 min incubation at 37 degrees C, 200 micro L of acetonitrile was added to each group to stop the reaction. The metabolites of mesaconitine were investigated by UPLC-MS/MS method. Mesaconitine and 6 metabolites M1-M6 were found in the incubation system. The structures were characterized according to the data from MS/MS spectra and literatures. The metabolic reactions of mesaconitine in rat liver microsomes included the demethylation, deacetylation, dehydrogenation and hydroxylation. The major metabolic pathways of mesaconitine in rat liver microsomes were determined by UPLC-MS/MS on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode combined with specific inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, including alpha-naphthoflavone (CYP1A2), quinine (CYP2D), diethyldithiocarbamate (CYP2E1), ketoconazole (CYP3A) and sulfaphenazole (CYP2C), separately. Mesaconitine was mainly metabolized by CYP3A. CYP2C and CYP2D were also more important CYP isoforms for the metabolism reactions of mesaconitine, but CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 haven't any contribution to MA metabolism in rat liver microsomes.
Aconitine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Ketoconazole ; pharmacology ; Male ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Microsomes, Liver ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Quinine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sulfaphenazole ; pharmacology ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of recombinant human endostatin (RHES) combined with radiotherapy on brain metastases (BM) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the patients suitable for this therapy.Methods Eighty patients with BM of NSCLC were randomly divided into RHES combined with radiotherapy group (combination group) and radiotherapy alone group (each group with 40 patients).The short-term effective rate,overall survival time,cerebral edema index and adverse reactions were observed and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) protein in primary lesions were detected with immunohistochemical method in all patients.Results Compared with radiotherapy alone group,brain edema was significantly relieved (t=4.9,P=0.000) and there were no marked adverse reactions in combination group.In short-term effective rate,there was no statistical significance in total population (n=80,90％ vs.75％,x2=3.11,P=0.07),but there was statistical significance in the patients with positive VEGFR2 (93％ vs.67.7％,x2=6.31,P=0.012).In overall survival time,there was no statistical significance in total population (n=80,P=0.35,95％ CI:0.25-1.30) or in the patients with positive VEGFR2 (P=0.109,95％ CI:0.40-1.34).Conclusion Compared with radiotherapy alone,RHES combined with radiotherapy can relieve brain edema in the patients with BM of NSCLC and obtain better short-term effective rate in the patients with positive VEGFR2.

Objective To explore the value of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) and a sharp recon kernel to obtain high resolution pulmonary images in low-dose pediatric chest CT scans.Methods Totally 42 children underwent low-dose chest CT scans with ASIR were included.Age dependent noise index (NI) was used for dose optimization:NI=12 for 0-12 months old,NI=15 for ＞1 2 years old,NI=17 for 3-6 years old and NI=20 for ≥7 years old.Images were reconstructed to 0.625 mm using different recon kernels:Soft,Standard,Lung,and Chest kernel.ASIR blending was varied from 0 100％ to provide balanced image noise and spatial resolution.Two radiologists independently evaluated images for normal lung structures,abnormal CT findings and image noise on a 5 point scale with 3 being clinically acceptable.The best kernel,as well as the match with the best ASIR weight were analyzed statistically.Results CT images with lung kernel and ASIR 60％ were rated substantially better than those kernel.Conclusion ASIR 60％ with a sharp lung kernel can significantly improve image quality in low dose pediatric chest CT scans.

Objective To research the curative effect of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine on Kashin-Beck disease(KBD). Methods According to Diagnosis for Kashin-Beck disease,80 patients of adult KBD were detected from Guanghui village Shangzhi city Heilongjiang province in July,2007,and they divided into treatment group and control group according to their condition,age and sex,40 person in each group. Treatment group was given chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate,and control group was given placebo(equivalent amount of starch). Bilateral knees X-ray films were shot before and after treatment (8th month),scale division magnifying glass was used to measure the width of joint space on X-ray films. Results The width of joint space respectively was (4.30±2.14) and (4.10±2.07)mm in control group before and after treatment,and treatment group respectively was (4.17±2.15),(4.16±2.11)mm. Medicine had no obviously role on joint space (F = 0.50,P > 0.05),Time and both of time and medicine had obvious role on joint space(F= 67.66,46.74,all P< 0.05). Joint space of treat group was thinner than control group(P < 0.05) before treatment,but thicker after treatment(P < 0.05). To compare with the width of before treatment,joint space width of control group became obviously narrow(P < 0.05). Conclusions Experimental group taking chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate alleviated knee joint space narrowing process of adults KBD patients compared with control group. It plays a protection role in articular cartilage and provides evidences for choosing drug and evaluating effect in the treatment of adults KBD.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Bcl-2 associated with athanogene-1 (BAG-1) gene on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation,and its influence on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression.Methods The SH-SYSY cells at logarithmic growth phase were collected.Lenti virus mediated RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to suppress the BAG-1 expression.The cells screened out can be divided into four groups:the cell control group with no lentivirus infection,lentivirus control group (containing only fluorescein protein lentivirus infection),BAG-1 siRNA group (BAG-1 siRNA silencing group),including BAG-1 siRNA-α group and BAG-1 siRNA-β group with lentivirus containing fluorescein protein (GFP) but at different BAG-1 siRNA target sites of silencing.Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression of BAG-1 and HSP70 in target cells after infectious recombination lentivirus for 72 hours;the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the activity of four different group cells after hypoxia;the flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis;the HSP70 mRNA transcription level were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) respectively in each group.Results After lentiviral infection for 72 hours,the Western Blot results showed that in the two BAG-1 siRNA silencing groups,the interference effect of BAG-1 siRNA-β group was superior to that of BAG-1 siRNA-α group.The cell viability of each group showed an increase followed by a decrease with the prolongation of hypoxia time,and reaching the peak at 8 hours.After hypoxia for 8 hours being given,the cell viability in BAG-1 siRNA-β group was significantly lower than that of the cell control group,lentivirus control group and BAG-1 siRNA-α group (A value:0.59 ±0.09 vs.0.94±0.12,0.90± 0.11,0.91± 0.14,P ＜ 0.01);the cell apoptosis rate was obviously higher in BAG-1 siRNA-β than that in the above three groups [(34.63 ± 3.46)％ vs.(14.83 ± 3.75)％,(19.93 ± 6.49)％,(16.40± 1.18)％,all P ＜ 0.01].There were no statistically significant differences in the HSP70 protein level and mRNA transcription level between BAG-1 siRNA-3 grroup,and the cell control group,lentivirus control group and BAG-1 siRNA-α group respectively (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion BAG-1 gene can play a role in protection of hypoxia nerve cells,reduce the apoptosis,and its protective effect can be independent of HSP70 gene.