PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of student ratings of instruction by analyzing their relationships with several variables, including gender, academic rank, specialty, teaching time, and teaching method, at a medical school. METHODS: This study analyzed the student ratings of 297 courses at Ajou University School of Medicine in 2013. SPSS version 12.0 was used to analyze the data and statistics by t-test, analysis of variance, and Scheffe test. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in student ratings between gender, rank, and specialty. However, student ratings were significantly influenced by teaching times and methods (p<0.05). Student ratings were high for teaching times of 10 hours or more and small-group learning, compared with lectures. There was relatively mean differences in students ratings by teaching times, specialty and rank, although the difference in ratings was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Student ratings can be classified by teaching time and method for summative purposes. To apply student ratings to the evaluation of the performance of faculty, further studies are needed to analyze the variables that influence student ratings.
*Attitude ; *Curriculum ; *Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Faculty/standards ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Schools, Medical ; *Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching/*standards

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bone mineral density on life styles, dietary habits and nutrient intakes among the male college students. The subjects were divided into four groups; Q1 (calcaneus BMD < 25 percentile, n = 117), Q2 (25 percentile < or = calcaneus BMD < 50 percentile, n = 118), Q3 (50 percentile < or = calcaneus BMD < 75 percentile, n = 118), Q4 (calcaneus BMD > or = 75 percentile, n = 116). And they were asked about general characteristics, life style, dietary habit, and nutrient intake using questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. They were measured the bone mineral density of calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound. The average age of the subjects of the study was 23.0 years and the average height, weight, and BMI were 174.7 cm, 69.0 kg, 22.5 kg/m2. The bone mineral density in calcaneus was 0.43 g/cm2 in Q1, 0.50 g/cm2 in Q2, 0.56 g/cm2 in Q3, and 0.69 g/cm2 in Q4 (p < 0.001). The results showed that Q1 tended to have irregular exercise compared to the other three groups. Compared with Q1 and Q2, the frequency of skipping breakfast was lower in Q3 and Q4. Also the results showed that the Q4 was significantly more often to drink coffee compared with the other three groups (p < 0.01). The mean daily energy intake was 2210.6 kcal (88.4% of RDA). The intake of energy, vitamin B2, calcium, and zinc did not meet the Korean RDA. Also the Q2 consumed significantly lower intakes of protein (p < 0.05) and plant protein (p < 0.05) compared to the Q3 and Q4. The Q1 and Q2 consumed significantly lower intakes of vitamin B2 (p < 0.01) compared to the Q3 and Q4. In conclusion, male student in lower bone mineral density appeared to have unhealthy life styles and dietary habits in terms of irregular exercise, high frequency of skipping breakfast and lower intakes of protein, vitamin B2 showing a strong need proper education on meal practices and exercise habits for the bone health.
Bone Density* ; Breakfast ; Calcaneus ; Calcium ; Coffee ; Education ; Energy Intake ; Food Habits* ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Male* ; Meals ; Plants ; Riboflavin ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ultrasonography ; Zinc

OBJECTIVES: This study is conducted to investigate the prevalence of work-related back pain among Driving and Transport Related Occupations and to identify the risk of mechanical factors and psychosocial factors. METHODS: Subjects were 779 operators and drivers of transportation vehicles selected from respondents from the 1st Korean Working condition survey. The occupation risk factors, including socioeconomic, ergonomic, psychosocial factors, were investigated. We used the multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between risk factors and low back pain. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported work-related low back pain was 27.7%. Adjusting for confounding factors, we determined that whole body vibration(OR 1.64 95% CI: 1.09~2.48), tiring posture(OR 5.18, 95% CI: 3.01~8.93), extended work(OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.20~3.04), night-time work(OR 2.79, 95% CI: 1.86~4.19), evening work(OR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.78~4.46), shift work(OR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.30~4.26), job dissatisfaction (OR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.76~3.99), and experiencing physical violence at work(OR 5.31, 95% CI: 1.25~22.67) had meaningful relationships with low back pain. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the psychosocial risk factors were the most significant factors among drivers of transportation vehicles in Korea. Therefore, we suggest a health promotion program to relieve Job stress as a solution to prevent and control low back pain among drivers of transportation vehicles in Korea.
Back Pain ; Data Collection ; Health Promotion ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Low Back Pain ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Transportation ; Violence

Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) is a rare skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by acroosteolysis of the distal phalanges, distinctive craniofacial and skull changes, dental abnormalities and generalized osteoporosis. The clinical and radiologic characteristics are variable and these characteristics progress with age. This syndrome shows autosomal dominant inheritance with sporadic cases. The genetic defects or molecular pathogenesis of HCS are still unknown. We experienced a case of Hajdu-Cheney syndrome in a 20-year-old man who had generalized osteoporosis with multiple non-traumatic spine compression fractures. He had acroosteolysis of the hands and feet, wormian bones in the skull, facial dysmorphism (mid-facial flattening, micrognathia and bushy eyebrows), a high arched palate, malocclusion and short dental alveolar processes. HCS was diagnosed based on the clinical and radiologic evidence. For the differential diagnosis, we excluded the other possible causes of the acroosteolysis and wormian bones, including hyperparathyroidism, osteogenesis imperfecta, hypophosphatemia and mandibuloacral dysplasia. The specific treatment of HCS is unknown, but case reports with bisphosphonate treatment have been reported.
Acro-Osteolysis ; Alveolar Process ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Foot ; Fractures, Compression ; Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Hypophosphatemia ; Malocclusion ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta ; Osteoporosis ; Palate ; Skull ; Spine ; Wills ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Outpatient surgery has recently grown at a substantial rate. The development and use of short acting anesthetic and analgesic agents have played a major role in the growth of outpatient surgery. This study was designed to evaluate the intraoperative hemodynamic responses and recovery characteristics, using propofol or isoflurane to maintain the anesthesia. METHODS: A total number of 30, ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled for outpatient surgery, all of whom were to undergo excision of breast mass. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, or inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane after induction of anesthesia with propofol. All patients were ventilated via a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) using a mixture of oxygen and air so that the FiO2 would be 0.4. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in hemodynamic changes during anesthesia in recovery time, or in complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that both methods provide reasonably rapid and reliable recovery from anesthesia and are equally acceptable to the patients.
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures* ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Breast ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Laryngeal Masks ; Outpatients* ; Oxygen ; Propofol*

We report our first experience with the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to differentiate between a complicated hemorrhagic renal cyst and a cystic renal cell carcinoma in a 50-year-old man diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. CEUS could successfully differentiate between a complicated hemorrhagic renal cyst and a cystic renal cell carcinoma, as opposed to computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which could not distinguish between the 2 disease conditions. CEUS is comparable diagnostic tool as CT or MRI to distinguish between benign and malignant cystic renal masses.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; Renal Dialysis ; Ultrasonography

Bleeding from ileal conduit stomal varices is a rare complication. The standard treatment for the management of stomal varices has not been established yet. We present the case of a 65-yearold man with recurrent fatal bleeding from his ileal conduit stomal varices who was successfully treated with ligation of the engorged venous varices using hemostatic agents.

Bleeding from ileal conduit stomal varices is a rare complication. The standard treatment for the management of stomal varices has not been established yet. We present the case of a 65-yearold man with recurrent fatal bleeding from his ileal conduit stomal varices who was successfully treated with ligation of the engorged venous varices using hemostatic agents.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an expensive chronic metabolic disorder and its prevalence has been increasing rapidly in South Korea, owing to a westernized lifestyle. We analyzed the annual direct medical costs attributable to type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications in Korea retrospectively. METHODS: We randomly selected 1,051 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited Ajou University Hospital as an outpatient in 2005. Clinical characteristics, duration of diabetes, and microvascular and macrovascular complications were assessed from a medical chart review. The annual direct medical costs included insurance covered and uncovered medical costs. RESULTS: Of the 1,051 patients with type 2 diabetes, 48.2% had at least one microvascular complication, 5.6% had at least one macrovascular complication, and 12.4% of the patients had both microvascular and macrovascular complications. The average annual direct medical cost was found to be 3,348,488won per patient. In patients with microvascular complications, the total cost of management was increased 1.4 times compared to those without complications. Direct medical costs for patients with macrovascular complications were 2.1-fold as high as patients with no complications. Those patients with both microvascular and macrovascular complications, increased costs by 3.1-fold over those without complications. CONCLUSION: Chronic complications have a substantial impact on the direct medical costs of type 2 diabetes. The prevention of chronic diabetic complications will not only influence the mortality and morbidity of patients with type 2 diabetes, but also potentially reduce medical costs.
Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Life Style ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea

The increased aging of the population in the developed world is an accepted fact. Consequently, the number of patients aged 90 years or above (super-old age: from 90 to 99), and centenarians (above 100) will increase in the coming years. The objective was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of skin diseases in the population of super-old ages and centenarians. A total of 50 volunteers, aged from 90 to 106 years, were enrolled on this study. They completed a questionnaire about skin diseases and underwent a cutaneous examination during the period of July 26 to 30, and Aug 23 to 28, 2004. The average age of the volunteers was 96.3 years. 28 volunteers were women and 22 were men. The common diseases were found to be senile lentigo, seborrheic keratosis, idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, xerosis, telangiectasia, onychomycosis, tinea pedis, and cherry hemangioma. Wrinkle grading of men was less severe than in women. The degree of pigmentation was independent of age and sex. However, activity and pigmentation scale showed a significant statistical correlation. Gray hair and alopecia in men was more severe than in women. As for aging factors, smoking, activity, location, and occupation did not appear to play an important role in wrinkle formation. The incidence of skin disorders increased with age, due to changes in skin structure and lifelong exposure to environmental aggravations. Super-old aged people often have many skin diseases. However, only a small number of volunteers were included in this study. Therefore, further dermatologic studies need to be conducted.
Aged, 80 and over* ; Aging ; Alopecia ; Female ; Hair ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Hypopigmentation ; Incidence ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Lentigo ; Male ; Occupations ; Onychomycosis ; Pigmentation ; Prevalence ; Prunus ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Telangiectasis ; Tinea Pedis ; Volunteers ; Surveys and Questionnaires