No abstract available.
Osteoclasts*

No abstract available.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between survival and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely premature infants, and identify clinical factors responsible for this association. Medical records of 350 infants at 23-26 weeks gestation from 2000 to 2005 (period I, n = 137) and 2006 to 2010 (period II, n = 213) were retrospectively reviewed. The infants were stratified into 23-24 and 25-26 weeks gestation, and the survival, BPD incidence, and clinical characteristics were analyzed. BPD was defined as oxygen dependency at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The overall survival rate was significantly improved in period II compared to period I (80.3% vs. 70.0%, respectively; P = 0.028), especially in infants at 23-24 weeks gestation (73.9% vs. 47.4%, respectively; P = 0.001). The BPD incidence in survivors during period II (55.0%) was significantly decreased compared to period I (67.7%; P = 0.042), especially at 25-26 weeks gestation (41.7% vs. 62.3%, respectively; P = 0.008). Significantly improved survival at 23-24 weeks gestation was associated with a higher antenatal steroid use and an improved 5-minute Apgar score. A significant decrease in BPD incidence at 25-26 weeks gestation was associated with early extubation, prolonged use of less invasive continuous positive airway pressure, and reduced supplemental oxygen. Improved perinatal and neonatal care can simultaneously lead to improved survival and decreased BPD incidence in extremely premature infants.
Adult ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology/*mortality ; Demography ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Survival Rate/*trends

PURPOSE: The proliferative activity of cells in enzyme altered fdegrees Ci of the rat hepatoma model was measured by double immunohistdegrees Chemical staining methods using anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and anti-glutathione S transferase of placental form (GST-P). The aim of this study was to compare the cell proliferative activity in GST-P positive altered fdegrees Ci and in negative fdegrees Ci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered by 200 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN) intraperitoneally, and followed by 0.02% acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-containing diet for 4 weeks. One week after administration of AAF diet, two-thirds hepa tectomy was performed. Control animals were treated as same except for the omission of AAF in the diet. The rats were sacrified 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days after partial hepatectomy. The slices of liver were fixed in acetone, dehydrated in benzene and stained by peroxidase-anti peroxidase method against GST-P and by avidine-biotin peroxidase complex method against BrdU. RESULTS: The area of the GST-P positive fdegrees Ci was increased during the experimental period. In the experimental group, the S-phase fraction in the fdegrees Ci remained high during the first week and was decreased thereafter. However, the GST-P negative area maintained a low S-phase cell frac tion throughout the experimental period. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that hepatic cells in the enzyme altered fdegrees Ci may escape a suppressor effect of AAF in contrast to the normal cells in which their growth are inhibited by AAF.
2-Acetylaminofluorene ; Acetone ; Animals ; Benzene ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Carcinogenesis* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diet ; Diethylnitrosamine ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Peroxidase ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transferases ; United Nations

The decision whether or not to resuscitate extremely low gestational age (GA) infants is recommended to be individualized according to antenatal counseling with parents, neonatologists, and obstetricians. A GA of 22(0/7)–23(6/7) weeks is generally considered as the lower end of the range where infants can be candidates for selective resuscitation. Below this lower end of periviable gestation, resuscitation is usually not considered and survivors are rarely reported. To date, the youngest survivor is an infant with a GA of 21(6/7) weeks reported in the English medical literature. Here, we report the case of a female infant, the first twin conceived through in vitro fertilization, with a GA of 21(5/7) weeks, who was resuscitated initially according to strong parental wishes after antenatal counseling and is still surviving at 43 months of age with fairly good neurodevelopmental outcome.
Counseling ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Parents ; Pregnancy ; Resuscitation ; Survivors ; Twins

Cellular senescence, a type of cytostasis, is the irreversible inhibition of the natural cell division in proliferating cells, resulting from various cellular stresses, including telomere shortening, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and pro-inflammatory responses. While cellular senescence can facilitate beneficial physiological processes such as tissue repair and wound healing, senescent cells also contribute to pathophysiological processes of agerelated diseases, including fibrotic lung diseases. The cellular senescence model and co-culture system were established to explore the underlying mechanisms associated with cellular senescence and fibrosis. Rutaecarpine is a bioactive alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa (Rutaceae), a traditional herbal medicine. Rutaecarpine enhanced the promotor activity of E-cadherin, reduced TGF-β-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and finally inhibited epithelialmesenchymal transition. Rutaecarpine also attenuated fibrotic and senescence features in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model. Here, we suggest the relevance between senescence and fibrosis, and a potential therapeutic approach of targeting senescence to attenuate lung fibrosis development.

Intrauterine midgut volvulus is an extremely rare and potentially life-threatening disease, requiring prompt surgical intervention after birth. Non-specific prenatal signs of fetal midgut volvulus cause late diagnosis and treatment, resulting very poor outcome. We report a case of preterm newborn with intrauterine midgut volvulus due to malrotation, who survived after immediate postnatal surgical intervention.
Delayed Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intestinal Volvulus* ; Parturition

We report here on a neonate with congenital cerebellar mixed germ cell tumor, and this initially presented as cerebellar hemorrhage. Postnatal cranial ultrasonography revealed an echogenic cerebellar mass that exhibited the signal characteristics of hemorrhage rather than tumor on MR images. The short-term follow-up images also suggested a resolving cerebellar hemorrhage. One month later, the neonate developed vomiting. A second set of MR images demonstrated an enlarged mass that exhibited changed signal intensity at the same site, which suggested a neoplasm. Histological examination after the surgical resection revealed a mixed germ cell tumor.
Cerebellar Diseases/*etiology ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/*congenital/diagnosis/ultrasonography ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/*congenital/diagnosis/ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of delayed cord clamping compared with umbilical cord milking in premature infants less than 32 weeks of gestation. METHODS: This study was performed by 1:2 case-control match. Infants received delayed cord clamping (DCC) for one minute (DCC group, n=10, May 2014-October 2015) were compared with perinatal factors-matching controls, who received umbilical cord milking (CM, CM group, n=20, May 2014-October 2015) or who received immediate cord clamping (ICC, ICC group, n=20, January 2008-December 2008). The primary outcome was hematocrit during the first 28 days. Secondary outcomes included delivery room management, selected neonatal morbidities and mortality. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were comparable in all the three groups. The median hematocrit level at 1st day and 3rd day was significantly higher in the DCC group (54.3±6.2%, 53.6±5.6%) as compared with the CM group (48.0±7.7%, 43.2±7.8%) or ICC group (47.2±7.5%, 45.8±6.3%). The DCC group had reductions in red blood cell transfusion within the first two weeks of life compared to the CM group (10% vs. 50%, P=0.03). The DCC group compared to the CM group had no increment in respiratory intervention in the delivery room and hypothermia on admission. There was no difference between DCC and CM in mortality, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, severe retinopathy of prematurity and sepsis. CONCLUSION: Delayed cord clamping for 1 minute in preterm infants may be a safe and feasible method to increase initial hematocrit and reduce transfusion compared with umbilical cord milking.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Case-Control Studies ; Constriction* ; Delivery Rooms ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Hematocrit ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infant, Premature ; Methods ; Milk* ; Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Sepsis ; Umbilical Cord

The purpose of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors associated with surgical ligation for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely preterm infants born at the limits of viability. Ninety infants who were born at 23-25 weeks of gestation and who received surgical ligation were included and their cases were retrospectively reviewed. Infants were classified into two different groups: survivors with no major morbidity (N), and non-survivors or survivors with any major morbidity (M). Clinical characteristics were compared between the groups. Possible prognostic factors were derived from this comparison and further tested by logistic regression analysis. The mean gestational age and the mean birth weight of M were significantly lower than those of N. Notably, the mean postnatal age at time of ligation in N was significantly later than that of the other group (17+/-12 vs 11+/-8 days in N and M, respectively). An adjusted analysis showed that delayed ligation (>2 weeks) was uniquely associated with a significantly decreased risk for mortality or composite morbidity after surgical ligation (OR, 0.105; 95% CI, 0.012-0.928). In conclusion, delayed surgical ligation for PDA (>2 weeks) is associated with decreased mortality or morbidities in extremely preterm infants born at 23-25 weeks of gestation.
Adult ; Birth Weight ; Demography ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/diagnosis/epidemiology/*surgery ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors