No abstract available.
Health Occupations*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Lung* ; Lymphocytes* ; Mice*

Over a continuous 4-year period, from January 1989 till December 1992, 7,100 infants were born in Department of Obstetrics and admitted to Nursery or Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Department of Pediatrics of Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Among them, 126 cases were diagnosed as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of newborn. The total incidence of RDS among all the newborns (inborn) was 1.77%. And the incidence of RDS related to birth weight was 81.82% in infants of 500~749 g of birth weight, 68.57% in infants of 750~999 g of birth weight, 55.6% in infants of 1,000~1,249 g of birth weight, 35.71% in infants of 1,250~1,499 g of birth weight, 16.67% in infants of 1,500~1,749 g of birth weight, 9.82% in infants of 1,750~1,999 g of birth weight, 1.00%in infants of 2,000~2,249 g of birth weight, 1.29%in infants of 2,250~2,499 g of birth weight, and 0.08% in infants of more than 2,500 g of birth weight. Cumulative incidence of RDS related to birth weight was 81.82%in infants under 750 g of birth weight, 71.74% in infants under 1,000 g of birth weight, 62.39% in infants under 1,250 g of birth weight, 53.33% in infants under 1,500 g of birth weight, 39.85% in infants under 1,750 g of birth weight, 30.83% in infants under 2,000 g of birth weight, 20.42% in infants under 2,250 g of birth weight, and 13.70% in infants under 2,500 g of birth weight. The incidence of RDS related to gestational age was 83.33%, in infants under 25 weeks of gestation, 78.57% in infants at 25~26 weeks of gestation, 67.31% in infants at 27~28 weeks of gestation, 56.41%in infants at 29~30 weeks of gestation, 16.47% in infants at 31~32 weeks of gestation, 4.74% in infants at 33~34 weeks of gestation, 1.15% in infants at 35~36 weeks of gestation, and 0.05% in infants at more than 37 weeks of gestation. Cumulative incidence of RDS related to gestational age was 83.33% under 25 weeks of gestation, 80.00% under 27 weeks of gestation, 70.83% under 29 weeks of gestation, 63.33% under 31 weeks of gestation, 46.38% under 33 weeks of gestation, 27.76% under 35 weeks of gestation. Perinatal risk factors related to the incidence of RDS were analyzed by the multiple logistic regression statistical method in 595 infants, who were born under 37 weeks of gestation and under 2,500 g of birth weight in Seoul National University Hospital. The risk of RDS rose with decreasing gestational age (odds ratio=1.76, 95% CI=1.57, 1.99), with decreasing 5 minute Apgar score (odds ratio=1.23,95% CI=1.08, 1.40), while prolonged ruptrue of membranes of > 24 hours in the absence of maternal infection was highly protective (odds ratio=0.37, 95% CI=0.20, 0.70).
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Logistic Models ; Membranes ; Nurseries ; Obstetrics ; Pediatrics ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul

An important error in the result of Table 3 was confirmed in the article.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Mass Screening*

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of gestational age at exposure on the prenatal effects of gamma-radiation. Pregnant ICR mice were exposed to a single dose of 2.0 Gy gamma-radiation at a gestational 2.5 to 15.5 days post-coitus (p.c.). The animals were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation and the fetuses were examined for mortality, growth retardation, change in head size and any other morphological abnormalities. The only demonstrable effect of irradiation during the preimplantation period was an increase in prenatal mortality. Resorptions were maximal on post-exposure day 2.5 after conception. The pre-implantation irradiated embryos which survived did not show any major fetal abnormalities. Small head, growth retardation, cleft palate, dilatation of the cerebral ventricle, dilatation of the renal pelvis and abnormalities of the extremities and tail were prominent after exposure during the organogenesis period, especially on day 11.5 of gestation. Our results indicate that the late period of organogenesis in the mouse is a particularly sensitive phase in terms of the development of the brain, skull and extremities.
Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced/*pathology ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/abnormalities/radiation effects ; Female ; Fetal Death ; *Gamma Rays ; *Gestational Age ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*radiation effects ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

Pulmonary aspergillosis is classified as a saprophytic, allergic, and invasive disease. Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is categorized as an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Most invasive pulmonary aspergillosis have acute and toxic clinical features but chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is characterized by a sub-acute infection, most commonly seen in patients with altered local defense system from preexisting pulmonary disease of in mild immunocompromised patients. Pulmonary artery aneurysm due to this infection is termed as a mycotic aneurysm, etiology of which are tuberculosis, syphilis, bacteria and fungus. We report a case chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis complicating pulmonary aneurysm is a 62 year-old man who was presented with cough, sputum, and fever. Chest radiographs showed a rapid, progressive cavitary lesion and pulmonary artery aneurysm. Angioinvastion of aspergillus was revealed by pathology after operative removal of left upper lobe containing the pulmonary artery aneurysm. He was treated with itraconazole.
Aneurysm* ; Aneurysm, Infected ; Aspergillus ; Bacteria ; Cough ; Fever ; Fungi ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis* ; Itraconazole ; Lung Diseases ; Pathology ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Sputum ; Syphilis ; Tuberculosis

According to the reports, the prevalence of anti-HCV is about 1%. In past, the results of the prevalence of HBs Ag & HBs Ab in the patients of Hansen's disease were reported. But we don't know about that of anti-HCV. So we study about the prevalence of serum anti-HCV of 60 patients & PALS of Hansen's disease. And we test about Alk. Phosp., ALT, AST, Gtlc HBs Ag & HBs Ab. 1. The prevalence of anti-HCV is 8.33%. It is higher than past reports(about 1-2%). 2. The prevalence of HBs Ag is 3.4% & that of HBs Ab is 36.3%. 3. Because of the high prevalence of anti-HCV in the patients of Hansen's disease & PALS, we think that more studies are need about it.
Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C Antibodies* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Leprosy ; Prevalence

The failure to improve the five-year survival rate of cancer patients, from one in three in the 1960s to one in two in the 1970s, stimulated awareness of the importance of primary prevention of cancer. Korean investigators carried out extensive long-term anticarcinogenicity experiments with 2000 newborn mice to investigate whether Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer inhibited carcinogenesis induced by several chemical carcinogens in 1978. There was a 22% decrease (p<0.05) in the incidence of urethane induced lung adenoma by the combined use of red ginseng extract. In the group sacrificed at 56 weeks after the treatment with aflatoxin B1, the incidence of hepatoma significantly decreased to 75% by the addition of red ginseng extract (p<0.05). The result showed that natural products can provide hope for human cancer prevention. By the newly established '9 week medium-term anticarcinogenicity test model of lung tumors in mice' (Yun's model), we confirmed significant anticarcinogenic effects of powders and extracts of the 6- yr-old dried fresh ginseng, 5- and 6-yr old white ginsengs, and 4-, 5-, and 6-yr old red ginseng. We also demonstrated that the anticarcinogencity of ginseng was more prominent in aged or heat treated extracts of ginseng and red ginseng made by steaming. To investigate the active components for cancer prevention, several fractions of 6-yr old fresh ginseng and red ginseng, four semi-synthetic ginsenoside Rh1, Rh2, Rg3 and Rg5, major saponin components in red ginseng, were prepared. Among the ginsenosides, Rg3 and Rg5 showed statistically significant reduction of lung tumor incidence and Rh2 had a tendency of decreasing the incidence. Ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5 and Rh2 were found to be active anticarcinogenic compounds. Rg3, Rg5 and Rh2 are active components in red ginseng, and they prevent cancer either singularly or synergistically.
Animal ; *Anticarcinogenic Agents ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fractionation ; Human ; Korea ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; *Panax/chemistry/growth & development ; Plant Extracts/analysis ; Time Factors