A Clinical study was done on 90 cases of acute myocardial infarction admitted to Busan Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital from January, 1977 to Febuary, 1983. The following results have been obtained. 1) The ratio of male to female was 2.2:1. The most age group were 5th decades(35.6%) and over 5th decades(5th decades and 6th decades) were two-thirds of all age group. And annual incidency were increasing tendencies, in 1980-1982 than 1977-1979. 2) Between the preceding diseases and the risk factors, the most common cause was the smoking (60%). And other associated diseases and factors were hypertension(54.4%), hypercholesterolemia (43.8%), hyperlipidemia(51.4%) and angina pectoris (34.4%). 3) The most common inducing factor was physical exertion(33.3%). And others were emotional stress(23.3%), alcohol drinking(10%), rest and sleeping(5.6%). 4) The major symptoms of acute myocardial infarction were precordial or epigastric pain(96.7%), dyspnea(53.3%), radiating chest pain (51.7%) and painless infarction(3.3%). 5) On laboratory data, there were leukocytosis in 50.5% increased SGOT in 68.6%, increased serum LDH in 75.9% and cardiomegaly in chest x-ray film were 82 percents. 6) The ratio between the anterior and inferior infarction on EKG was 1.9:1. 7) When admission, normal sinus rhythms on EKG were 59 percents. And the common associated electrocardiographic abnormalities were ventricular premature beat (23.6%), atrial fibrillation(15.7%), first degree A-V block (15.7%), left ventricular hypertrophy(15.7%). The most common abnormality was ventricular premature beat(23.6%). 8) The mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction was 10 percents. The causes of death were heart failure(33.3%), ventricular arrhythmia(33.3%), sudden death (22.2%) and cardiogenic shock(11.1%).
Angina Pectoris ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Busan ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Cardiomegaly ; Cause of Death ; Chest Pain ; Death, Sudden ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Infarction ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Protestantism ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

To investigate retinal hemodynamics in diabetic retinopathy, the perifoveral capillary leukocyte velocity for retinal microcirculation was measured in eyes of 16 control. 12 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) and 10 proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) on the video fluorescein angiogram using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope(SLO 101, Rod-enstock, Munich, Germany) in 20 degrees retinal field. And the times of arm to retinal circulation, arterio-venous circulation and venous lamina flow for retinal macrocirculation were also measured in eyes of 18 control, 16 NPDR and 10 PDR in 40 degrees retinal field. There was not any statistically significant difference between control eyes(140.62 +/- 34.11 pixels/see, 1.21 +/- 0.29 mm/sec) and NPDR eyes(133.98 +/- 31.85 pixels/sec, 1.15 +/- 0.27 mm/sec) in mean perifoveal capillary leukocyte velocity(p=0.60). But it was significantly decreased in PDR eyes(108.80 +/- 26.19 pixels/see, 0.94 +/- 0.23 mm/sec) compared with control(p=0.01) and NPDR eyes(p=0.05). The were not any significant differences in the times of arm to retinal and arterio-venous circulation respectively(p>0.05) among the eyes of control(12.09 +/- 1.41 sec, 2.41 +/- 0.86 sec), NPDR(12.66 +/- 1.42 see, 2.32 +/- 0.96 sec) and PDR(12.90 +/- 1.51 see, 2.54 +/- 0.94 sec). But the venous lamina flow time was significantly decreased in eyes of NPDR(6.91 +/- 2.32 see, p=0.02) and PDR(7.03 +/- 1.89 sec, p=0.01) compared with that of control(5.46 +/- 1.18 see). These results indicate that a significant retinal microcirculatory deficit exists in the eyes of PDR, and venous lamina flow time may be a good index of retinal macrocirculatory deficit in diabetic retinopathy.
Arm ; Capillaries ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Fluorescein ; Hemodynamics* ; Leukocytes ; Microcirculation ; Ophthalmoscopes* ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: Postoperative endophthalmitis is a dreaded outcome of any intraocular surgery. Fungal endophthalmitis is a particularly severe complication that poses a significant threat of blindness. We experienced seven consecutive cases of postoperative fungal endophthalmitis stemming from a single local clinic in which extensive early intervention resulted in favorable final visual acuity. METHODS: The present study is retrospective observational case series of fungal endophthalmitis. The initial case, as diagnosed by fungal culture, resulted in blindness. In the ensuing eight months, seven consecutive cases were referred to our institution. All were presumed to be fungal endophthalmitis as the cases possessed similar inflammatory findings to the preceding case and occurred in the same environment. Extensive surgical and antifungal treatment was immediately administered, including complete vitrectomy with removal of the intraocular lens and lens capsule and Amphotericin B injections. RESULTS: Retinal infiltration was identified in three cases and the lesion site was photocoagulated with an endolaser. All cases were confirmed fungal endophthalmitis by culture (4 cases: Candida parapsilosis, one case each: Fusarium, Acremonium, Candida tropicalis) and five cases required secondary intraocular lens implantation. Final corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 40/200 by the Snellen chart. CONCLUSIONS: Early extensive surgical intervention and antifungal agent administration may result in favorable visual outcomes in patients with fungal endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Blindness/etiology ; *Candidiasis/drug therapy ; Device Removal ; Endophthalmitis/complications/*microbiology/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laser Coagulation ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline/surgery ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; *Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R injury) is known not only to induce hypoxic and oxidative stress, but also to cause retinal degeneration in rats. Crystallins, known to inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species, reduce apoptotic cell death. Our goal was to clarify not only the role of I/R injury-mediated crystallins, but also to evaluate the correlation of these compounds to anti-inflammation in the vitreous body. METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. We induced I/R injury by clamping the optic nerve for 30 minutes and then releasing it. The vitreous bodies were obtained from the experimental and control subjects 24, 48, and 72 hours after I/R injury. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed, and the targeted spots were further investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, spectrophotometry, Western blotting, and histological examination. RESULTS: After I/R injury, 23 spots were identified as crystallins. The betaB2 crystallins were transcriptionally and post-translationally regulated, whereas the alphaB crystallins were controlled by post-translational modifications in the vitreous bodies of the rats. The total amounts of alphaA and beta crystallins (including isotypes of beta crystalline) had increased 48 hours after injury. The phosphorylation of alphaB crystallin (at serine residues 19, 45, and 59) was significantly increased 48 hours later, whereas phosphorylation of ERK1/2 showed the greatest decrease. CONCLUSIONS: During hypoxic and oxidation stress, our results suggest that phosphorylated alphaB crystalline inhibits RAS, resulting in the inactivation of ERK1/2. The phosphorylation of alphaB crystallin may be associated with the inflammatory suppression in the vitreous body via the I/R injury model system.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Oxidative Stress ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury/*metabolism/pathology ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Vitreous Body/*metabolism/pathology ; beta-Crystallins/*metabolism

"Dual LAD" was defined as the early bifurcation of the proximal LAD into two vessels : a short LAD which remained in the anterior interventricular sulcus and does not reach the apex, and a long LAD which leaves the anterior interventricular sulcus only to return to the distal sulcus and continue to the apex. Recognition of "Dual LAD" is essential to prevent errors of interpretation of the coronary arteriogram and for planning of optimal surgical therapy. We report 2 cases of "Dual LAD" with the review of the literatures.
Coronary Vessels*

Here we report a case of optic neuritis in the setting of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) in a child. A six-year-old girl presented with HZO in the right eye. During the hospitalization, her visual acuity decreased. Fluorescein angiography (FAG) and optical coherence tomography revealed optic neuritis in the affected eye. Visual acuity improved with one month of treatment with acyclovir and steroids. FAG analysis showed no evidence of leakage at the optic disc. At one year post treatment, the patient's fundus exam and vision were normal. Therapy with antivirals and steroids may be effective in patients with childhood HZO optic neuritis
Acyclovir/therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus/*complications/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Optic Neuritis/*drug therapy/*virology ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; Visual Acuity

To verify the accuracy and reproducibility of corneal thickness measurements obtained with Orbscan (Orbtek, Inc., Salt Lake City, USA), the measurements were compared with those taken with an ultrasound pachymeter (Omega Compuscan, Storz). Central corneal thickness was measured by each method in 100 eyes of 50healthy subjects. The averages by the two methods were compared. One examiner took the measurements twice by each method in 20 eyes of 10 subjects, and intraexaminer reproducibility was evaluated. Two examiners measured the thickness in 20 eyes of 10 subjects and interexaminer reproducibility was assessed. The average corneal thickness was 550.27+/-3.56 micrometer in the Orbscan measurements and 526.62+/-3.70 micrometer in the ultrasound pachymetry: There was a statistically significant difference between the two methods. Significant difference was noticed but this showed a constant corresponding correlation with the Orbscan showing a 4.4%lower average. The intraexaminer and interexaminer reproducibility showed high reliability(Guttman split-half point<0.99). The Orbscan pachymetry is a highly reliable method and may be widely used in clinical practice.
Corneal Pachymetry* ; Lakes ; Ultrasonics* ; Ultrasonography

Clinical study has been carried out on the 80 consecutive cases of traumatic hyphema who had been admitted to Won-Kwang University Hospital for the 3 year period between March of 1985 and February of 1988. Based on these 80 patients, a clinical analysis was conducted as to the degree of bleeding, the time of arrival to hospital after injury, the frequency of rebleeding and the final visual acuity. The followings were the results. 1. Male patients were 67(83.8%) of 80 and the younger age group occupied more than half of all cases; 23(28.8%) in teenagers, 21(26.3%) in third decade. 2. There were varieties of trauma for hyphema such as stone blow(cases, 16.3%), fist(8 cases, 10.0%) and glass pieces(8 cases, 10.0%). 3. Grade I hyphema(bleeding less than one third of anterior chamber) was 45 cases(56.3%) of all. The associated ocular injuries were eyelids laceration (20 cases, 25.0%), angle recession(cases, 15.0%), corneal damage and iris sphinctor rupture(11 cases, 13.8%) and vitreous hemorrhage(10 cases, 12.5%). 4. Of 10 cases of rebleeding encountered in non-perforating group, nine was in Grade II hyphema(bleeding 1/3 and 1/2 of anterior chamber) and the bleeding was noted four to six days after initial trauma. 5. The final visual acuity of above 0.5 increased from 2.3% to 65.1% in Grade I hyphema, from 9.1% to 54.5% in Grade II huphema and from 0 to 36.4% in Grade III hyphema(bleeding more than one half of anterior chamber). 6. The major causes of impaired visual acuity were disorders of vitreous and retina(11 cases, 40.8%) and cataract(5 cases, 18.5%).
Adolescent ; Eyelids ; Glass ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyphema* ; Iris ; Lacerations ; Male ; Visual Acuity

Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) can be released from the primary lung tumour into the bloodstream and they may colonize distant organs and give rise to metastasis. The presence of CTCs in the blood has been documented more than a century ago, and ultrasensitive methods have been recently developed to detect circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. Most CTCs require an initial enrichment step, since CTCs are a very rare event. The different technologies and also the differences among the screened populations make the clinical significance of detecting CTCs difficult to interpret. Peripheral blood analyses are more convenient for patients than invasive BM sampling and many research groups are currently assessing the clinical utility of CTCs for assessing the prognosis and monitoring the response to systemic therapies in lung cancer patients. Here we will review the different assays that are currently available for CTC detection and analysis of lung cancer. Moreover, molecular analyses of CTCs have provided new insights into the biology of metastasis of lung cancer with important implications for the clinical management of lung cancer patients.
Biology ; Colon ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Prognosis

In order to determine the normal range for intraocular pressure(IOP) in the post-LASIK population. We retrospectively reviewed the charts from the first 50 consecutive post-LASIK eyes. 50 eyes were divided into subgroups according to the degree of preoperative myopia, and the amount of ablated corneal thickness, and the diameter of treated optical zone. Preoperative(blaseline) & postoperative intraocular pressures at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 month were measured with air puff applanation tonometer. Mean postoperative intraocular pressures were compared to the baseline IOP in suvgroups and between inter-suvgroups. Postoperative IOP was decreased significantly in all 3 myopic suvgroups(p<0.05), but there was no pressure difference between inter-surgroups preoperatively(p>0.1) and postoperatively(p<0.3). Also the ablated corneal thickness groups and the treated optical zone groups showed an significant postoperative lowering of IOP(p<0/05) but there was no pressure difference between the subgroups preoperatively and postoperatively. And, in all suvgroups, post-LASIK intraocular pressures were underestimated more than a 30% of vaseline IOP. These results reflect that post LASIK IOP is not a true IOP.
Intraocular Pressure* ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Myopia ; Petrolatum ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies