A femoral bone tumor causing a valgus deformity by affecting the growth plate was found. Long intramedullary diaphyseal tumor was separated by septum at the metapysis. Low grade chondrosarcoma was confirmed diagnosed by pathologists. Progressive limb deformity can be a sign of bone tumor in growing period.
Chondrosarcoma* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Extremities* ; Growth Plate

Varicocele is the most common correctable cause of infertility, however current varicocelectomy carries high incidence of recurrences and postoperative complications. Thus a new method which can minimize recurrences and postoperative complications is devised, by performing varicocelectomy using intraoperative injection of blue dye. Followings are benefits of blue-dye varicocelectomy, first, small-caliber internal spermatic veins, not readily visible at intraoperative venography, can be easily identified. The testicular artery and veins can be easily differentiated without using the magnifying devices. Obviously it is radiation-free, and utilizes readily available substance (i.e. methylene blue or indigocarmine) and can preserve internal spermatic artery and lymphatics. This method can be applied successfullyin pediatric patients with previous varicocelectomy and inguinal operation.
Arteries ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Methylene Blue ; Phlebography ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Varicocele ; Veins

The diagnosis of hydronephrosis has been increasing in compared to other organs anomaly since the advent of the prenatal ultrasonography, and it is important to differentiate between physiologic and pathologic hydronephrosis. We retrospectively reviewed the follow up of the postnatal ultrasonography and tried to determine the course of prenatal hydronephrosis. The pyeloplasty was indicated 27.1% of patients, in where the diameter of renal pelvis ranged from 18 to 68 mm with a mean of 41 mm and all patients had severe calyceal dilatation. Normal group in which no obstruction pattern on DTPA renal scan were 55.9% and the diameter of renal pelvis ranged from 6 to 23 mm with a mean of 13 mm. The cases of normal, close observation and indicated pyeloplasty were less than 50% and in all cases of vesicoureteral reflux, revealed urinary tract infection. The study revealed that prenatal ultrasonography alone is inadequate in determining the consistent prognostic factors of prenatal hydronephrosis. However, we determined that Pyeloplasty indicated in cases with severe dilatation of calyx and severe renal pelvis dilation. In cases with urinary tract infection. regardless of calyceal dilation and in cases with severe calyceal dilatation, voiding cystourethrogram should be performed to rule out vesicoureteral reflux. In the cases with mild to moderate dilatation, renal scan indicated to exclude a possible urinary tract obstruction. Minimal calyceal dilation can be regarded as free of urinary tract obstruction.
Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney Pelvis ; Pentetic Acid ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Beraprost Sodium (BPS) is an orally stable prostacyclin (PGI2) analogue and exerts an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation as well as a potent vasodilatory effect. We investigated the efficacy and safety of BPS in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 74, consecutive patients subjected to have impotence work-ups including history taking, penile duplex ultrasonography, pharmacological erection test, and cavernous nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPH) diaphorase staining. Sixty-six patients continuously received BPS for more than 4weeks (range 4-32 weeks, average 8.4+/-5.8 weeks), bid or tid (a total 80-120microgram/day) for long-term control of ED. Remaining 8 patients intermittently received 40-60microgram of BPS an hour prior to intercourse to obtain immediate erection for on-demand treatment. Sexual function was compared by analysis of an International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and general efficacy based on patient's subjective evaluation after treatment. RESULTS: IIEFs of all patients were significantly improved after BPS treatment for ED. Erectile function with IIEF question No. 3 and 4 were improved by 1.7+/-1.3 to 3.2+/-1.8 and 1.4+/-0.9 to 2.7+/-1.6, respectively (p<0.05). General efficacy of BPS was shown as full effect in 23%, moderate effect in 31%, mild effect in 26%, and no effect in 20% of the patients. Better sexual function including IIEF and general efficacy were observed in continuous treatment group than on-demand treatment group. Better result was also found in diabetics than non-diabetics (p<0.05) while no difference was observed among psychogenic, vasculogenic, and neurogenic group. The side effect of BPS was minimal; flushing in 8%, headache in 5%, indigestion in 4%, and insomnia in 1% of total patients. CONCLUSIONS: Oral BPS is a safe and effective agent to treat ED. It remains to be investigative, to determine desirable treatment method and to elucidate long term control of ED in association with oral BPS.
Adenosine ; Administration, Oral* ; Dyspepsia ; Epoprostenol ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Flushing ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Niacinamide ; Platelet Aggregation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Sodium* ; Ultrasonography

The diffuse large B-cell lymphoma category of the Revised European American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL) encompasses different morphologic lymphoma subtypes in a single entity, especially the diffuse large cell (DLC) and the immunoblastic (IBL) subtypes by Working Formulation (WF). The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the morphologic subdivision within this category with respect to clinical outcome and proliferative index using Ki-67 immunostainig combined with image analysis. We retrospectively reviewed 74 patients from 1990 to 1996, who were diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. All cases were reclassified according to REAL and Working Formulation (WF), and Ki-67 immunostaining was performed in all the cases. Fifty-eight cases (78.4%) were classified as DLC and 16 cases (21.6%) as IBL, according to WF. Twenty one cases (28.4%) showed nodal involvement and 53 cases (71.6%), extranodal involvement. All cases were found to display a variable degree of nuclear Ki-67 staining. A proliferative index of 50% or higher identified a group of patients (77%) who had poor clinical results. Overall survival was significantly reduced in these patients displaying high Ki-67 associated proliferative index compared to those with a low proliferative index (p=0.007). 5-year survival estimates were 93% in the low proliferative index group and 55% in the high proliferative index group. A multivariate regression analysis incorporating commonly used clinical prognostic factors confirmed the independent effect of proliferation index on survival. Moreover, all of the 16 IBL cases showed Ki-67 positivity of 50% or higher, which correlates with the poor clinical outcome compared to 70.7% of DLC (p=0.014). We conclude that subdivision of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma category of the REAL classification is necessary in terms of prognostic significance in correlation with Ki-67 proliferative index.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Classification ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available in English.
Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Female ; Humans

Diabetes is the most common cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). Oxidative stress has been suggested to be a contributory factor in vascular complications of diabetes in various organs. In the present study, we investigated whether oxidative stress is associated with erectile function in non- insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were the subjects of this study. In each rat, NIDDM was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 90mg/Kg of streptozotocin on the second day after birth. Based on the diabetic period, they were classified into either short-term or long-term diabetics (avg. 22 weeks, n=18 and avg. 38 weeks, n=20), respectively, and their age-matched controls (n=16). To evaluate the erectile function in each rat, the intracavernous pressure, and latency to maximal pressure, following cavernous nerve stimulation (frequency: 1 Hz, intensity: 3 - 6 V, pulse width: 1 msec, pulse duration: 1 min.) was analyzed. To evaluate both oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant function as a defense against them, total malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were measured in the corpus cavernosum of the penis, using a spectrophotometric assay. The intracavernous pressure following cavernous nerve stimulation was significantly lower in the long-term (49.8 +/- 9.4 cmH2O) than the short-term diabetics (75.9 +/- 14.8 cm H2O), and markedly decreased in the diabetic rats, compared with their age-matched controls (long-term controls; 60.7 +/- 17.2 cmH2O, short-term controls; 95.2 +/- 20.4 cmH2O). The malondialdehyde content in the corpus cavernosum was markedly increased in the diabetics (2.13 +/- 0.27 nM/mg protein) compared to the controls (1.48 +/- 0.22 nM/mg protein). Furthermore, the glutathione level was significantly decreased in the diabetics, compared to age-matched controls (short-term control; 218.3 +/- 25.6 microM/mg protein, long-term control; 150.2 +/- 9.8 microM/mg protein). In the diabetic groups, it was more significantly decreased in the long-term diabetics (134.8 +/- 11.3 microM/mg protein) than in short-term diabetics (182.1 +/- 18.8 microM/mg protein). NIDDM causes erectile dysfunction, which slowly progresses. Oxidative stress to cavernous tissue may be a contributory factor in erectile dysfunction in diabetics.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*complications/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type II/*complications ; Female ; *Free Radicals ; Glutathione/analysis ; Impotence/*etiology ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

BACKGROUND: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for morphogenesis during embryonic development and is also implicated in the conversion of early-stage tumors into invasive malignancies. Recently, Twist has been identified to play an important role in EMTmediated metastatic progression of several types of human cancer. The present study examined the expression of Twist and evaluated its clinicopathologic significance in urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for Twist expression was performed on 70 upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UUT-UCs) using tissue microarray. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for Twist was positive in 31/70 cases (44.3%) of UUT-UCs. Twist expression was associated with high-grade and advanced-stage (ISUP grade, p<0.01; stage, p=0.045). The patients with Twist positive-tumors revealed lower disease free survival rate than those with Twist negative-tumors (p<0.01). The overall survival for patients with Twist positive-tumors was slightly worse than the patients with Twist negative- tumors, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.12). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Twist is a novel marker for advanced UUT-UC.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Disease-Free Survival* ; Embryonic Development ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Female ; Humans ; Morphogenesis ; Pregnancy ; Twist Transcription Factor ; Urinary Tract*

OBJECTIVE: There have been few studies concerning the clinical pathology of malignant transformation arising from ovarian mature cystic teratoma. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine clinicopathologic factors affecting survival in this rare tumor. METHODS: From November 1992 to December 2002, 11 patients with malignant transformation arising from ovarian mature cystic teratoma were treated at Departments of Obstetric and Gynecology in Chonnam National University Hospital. Demographic characteristics, symptoms, signs, stage, mode of therapy and results of follow up were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 11 cases of the malignant transformation of ovarian mature cystic teratomas out of 637 cases of mature cystic teratomas (1.7%). The average age was 50.6 years. Histologically, 7 out of the 11 cases were squamous cell carcinoma (63.7%). There was no specific clinical symptom but palpable abdominal mass was the most frequent complaint (5 cases, 45.4%). As for the stage of disease, 8 cases were in stage Ia (72.7%) and the other three cases were in stage Ic, IIb and IIc respectively. All the patients received surgery, and 7 of them had chemotherapy and 2 both chemotherapy and radiation therapy at the same time. All patients in stage I survived until the period of follow-up and their average survival time was 31.8 months. One patient in stage IIc died of intestinal obstruction in 9 month from the surgery and the average survival time of two patients in stage II was 8.5 months. CONCLUSION: The mechanism of the malignant formation arising in ovarian mature cystic teratomas is not clear but considering the fact that 80% of mature cystic teratomas are diagnosed during the reproductive age malignant transformation seems to be related to the long-term presence of non-removed mature cystic teratomas in abdomen. Accordingly, it is considered helpful for preventing and early detection of the malignant transformation to have regular ovary examination through pelvic ultrasonogram during the reproductive age.
Abdomen ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Jeollanam-do ; Ovary ; Pathology, Clinical ; Retrospective Studies ; Teratoma* ; Ultrasonography