This descriptive, correlational study was carried out in order to a) investigate the perceived stress and quality of life, b) to identify the relationship between the stress and quality of life of recipients who have undergone kidney transplantation and c) to provide data for their care in clinical situations. The subjects in this study were 156 kidney transplant recipients who received regular follow up in the Out Patient departments of 9 university hospitals in Seoul and the Provinces. The data were collected during the period from June 2 to August 31, 1998. The instruments used for this study were as follows: The Stress instrument used in this study was a stress questionnaire in which I modified the instrument developed by Hayward(1989), KTRSS(Kidney Transplant Recipient Stress Scale) and used by Fallen(1997). The instrument to measure the Quality of Life in this study was the 'Quality of Life Scale developed by Ro You Ja The data was analyzed by the SPSS program using descriptive statistics & Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results were as follows 1. The range of stress the scores of the subjects was from 62 to 163. The mean score was 115(SD=20.609). Perceived stress revealed the mean, 3.05(SD=0.552) ranged from 4.288 to 1.660 Among 38 items, the highest mean in the rank-order was "Taking medications for the rest of their lives"(M=4.288, SD=0.908). The next four stressors in the rank-order were "Fear of injury to the new kideney, Fear of rejection, Cost of medication, Uncertainty about the future".The item with the lowest(M = 1.660,SD=o.853) was "Non-reliance on nursing staff". The next was "Non-reliance on medical staff". 2. The range of Quality of Life scores of the subjects was from 83 to 200. The mean score was 151.237 (SD= 22.296) For each factor on the Quality of Life scale, the mean scores in the rank-order were as followed: Family relationship : 3.518(SD=0717), Self-esteem 3.550(SD=0.760), Relationship with neighbors : 3.430(SD=O.522), Physical state and function : 3.290(SD=0.549), Emotional state 3. 199(SD=0.663) 3. The relationship between stress and the Quality of life revealed a significant negative correlation (r=-0.430, p= .000). The relationship between stress and other factors in the Quality of Life scale showed a negative correlation, as follows: Stress and emotional state : r=-0.432, p=.000, Physical state and function : r=-0.403, p=.000, Economical state : r= -0.330, p=.000, Relationship with neighbors : r= -0.290, p=.000, Self esteem: r = -0.205, p = .010, Family relationship :r=-0.264, p=.001 In conclusion, This study revealed that the perceived stress and Quality of life of Kidney Transplant recipients have significant correlation. The results of this study might help Nurses and other health care workers to consult effectively, to educate, to give pre operational information, to prepare education for the period following the discharge, and to develop interventions for self-care reinforcement.
Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Family Relations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Self Care ; Self Concept ; Seoul ; Transplantation* ; Uncertainty ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Analgesia ; methods ; Analgesics ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Conscious Sedation ; methods ; Critical Illness ; therapy ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; therapeutic use ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Pain Measurement ; methods ; Severity of Illness Index

The research methods, such as philology of medicine history and comparison between tradition and modern and so on were adopted in this article to study the acupuncture-moxibustion development after western medicine spreading to the East in Japan and its main transition under the impact of western medicine. The results showed that from Meiji to Showa period, under the influence of western medicine, the transition of Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion mainly embodied in following three aspects, incuinng acupuncture works absorbing western medicine knowledge, applying experiment measures to explore acupuncture principle and launching acupuncture teaching in accordance with Europe and America academy educational pattern. The changes on acupuncture works, teaching materials and methods of researching and teaching have triggered the transition and transformation of Japanese acupuncture-moxibustion from tradition to modern.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; trends ; History of Medicine ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Japan ; Medicine ; trends ; Medicine in Literature ; Moxibustion ; history ; trends

Objective To analyze the distribution of Escherichia(E .) coli in clinical infection and its drug resistance situation to provide the scientific evidence for the control of outside hospital infection and nosocomial infection and clinical rational drug use . Methods E .coli isolated situation among various types of clinical samples in our hospital during 5 years from January 2010 to De‐cember 2014 ,its department distribution and drug resistance were analyzed .Results The isolated 2 405 strains of E .coli were mainly originated from urine samples (1 049 strains ,43 .60% ) and sputum samples (562 strains ,3 .4% ) .In which the detection rate of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase(ESBLs)producing E .coli was 57 .92% ;the resistance rate of E .coli to the most antibacterial drugs including penicillins ,cephalosporins ,fluroquinolones ,aminoglycosides and sulfonamides was more than 50% ,the drugs with the resistance less than 10% were imipenem(0) ,meropenem(0) ,piperacillin/tazobactam(4 .6% ) ,cefoperazone/sulbactam(6 .4% ) and cefoxitin (7 .7% ) ,the resistance to partial third and fourth generation cephalosporins of ceftriaxone ,cefotaxime and cefepime showed the significantly increasing trend .Conclusion E .coli has relatively serious drug resistance situation in hospital‐acquired in‐fections ,clinic should strengthen the pathogen distribution monitoring and drug resistance detection for avoiding the generation of more drug resistant strains in order to reduce the bacterial drug resistance and the hospital infection rate .

Adrenal Cortex Diseases ; etiology ; Child ; Humans ; Sepsis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Shock, Septic ; complications ; physiopathology

This study was carried out to investigate the response of interphase Y chromosome to some drugs and toxins by observing the rate of leukocytes showing Y-body in the peripheral blood. The interphase Y chromosomes of blood leukocytes were stained with quinacrine mustard and the animals used were rabbits, rats and guinea pies. Y-bodies of leukocytes were studied in the animals as well as in man. Changes in positive rate of Y-body in leukocytes and total leukocyte count were observed in the rabbits administered with drug or toxin. The results concerning the rate of Y-body were as follows: 1. Y-bodies were present in the blood leukocytes of the animals. However positive rates in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were lower in animals that in man. The positive rate of Y-body was higher in mononuclear leukocytes than in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the animals as in man. 2. Bacterial toxins such as typhoid, D.P.T. and cholera vaccines and anticancer drugs such as busulfan and endoxan reduced the positive rates of Y-body both in mononuclear leukocytes and in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 3. Benzene known as bone marrow toxin reduced the positive rate of Y-body in mononuclear leukocytes, but not that in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Quinine known as general protoplasmic poison reduced the positive rate of Y-body not only in mononuclear leukocytes but also in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 4. Antibiotics such as tetracycline and chloramphenicol and steroid hormones such as estrogen, testosterone and prednisolone had no effects on the positive rate of Y-body both in mononuclear leukocytes and in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Toxins ; Benzene ; Bone Marrow ; Busulfan ; Chloramphenicol ; Cholera Vaccines ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cytoplasm ; Estrogens ; Guinea ; Interphase ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes* ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Neutrophils ; Prednisolone ; Quinacrine Mustard ; Quinine ; Rabbits* ; Rats ; Testosterone ; Tetracycline ; Typhoid Fever ; Y Chromosome