Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Homeodomain Proteins ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypoventilation ; physiopathology ; Male ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; therapy

Analgesia ; methods ; Analgesics ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Conscious Sedation ; methods ; Critical Illness ; therapy ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; therapeutic use ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Pain Measurement ; methods ; Severity of Illness Index

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the pressure changing characteristics of upper esophageal sphincter (UES), lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the esophagus kinetic characteristics of pharyngeal paraesthesia patients. METHOD: To take high resolution manometry in 44 cases of pharyngeal paraesthesia patients and 23 normal subjects separately. According to the RSI score,the 44 patients were divided into group A (the group without reflux, RSI < 13, n = 25) and group B (the group with reflux, RSI ≥ 13, n = 19). RESULT: The UES average resting pressure and average residual pressure of patients group were higher than the control group (P < 0.05); The UES average resting pressure and average residual pressure of group B were higher than group A (P < 0.05); The LES average resting pressure and average residual pressure of group B were lower than group A and the control group (P < 0.05); The comparison of LES average resting pressure and average residual pressure between group A and the control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The esophagus DCI of group B was lower than that of group A and control group (P < 0.05). The esophagus DCI comparison between group A and control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The pharyngeal paresthesia symptoms of'patients was associated with the increasing of UES pressure. The pharyngeal paresthesia symptoms of group with reflux was related to low pressure of LES and high pressure of UES. The last part of esophagus of group with reflux had obstacles in powers, which weaken the peristalsis and declined the ability to clear the bolus and gastric reflux material.
Case-Control Studies ; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower ; physiopathology ; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper ; physiopathology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Manometry ; Paresthesia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Peristalsis ; Pharynx ; physiopathology ; Pressure

Adrenal Cortex Diseases ; etiology ; Child ; Humans ; Sepsis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Shock, Septic ; complications ; physiopathology

The effect of bee pollen of Brassica campestris L. and its alcohol extract on lipid peroxidation was observed in vivo and in vitro.The results showed that the production of lipid peroxides in normal liver hotnogenate of mice and elevation of production of lipid peroxides induced by cysteine and FeSO4 in homogenate were found to be inhibited significantly by in vitro addition of alcohol extract of bee pollen.The elevation of lipid peroxides in serum and liver in adult mice induced by alloxan 75 mg/kg(iv)or by administration of peroxidized corn oil 0.2 ml/mouse was markedly inhibited by oral administration of bee pollen (10 g? kg-1?d-1)for 20 days as compared with respective control groups.The level of lipid peroxide in geriatric mice was also markedly lowered by oral administration of bee pollen (10 g?kg-1?d-1)for 3 months as compared to non-treated geriatric mice.Based on the above in vitro and in vivo experimental results, it may be suggested that bee pollen and its alcohol extract protect tissues against destruction by lipid peroxides.

The family of Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor(SPINK)correlates with chronic pancreatitis,Netherton syndrome,esophageal carcinoma,and other humane diseases.The functions of SPINK1,SPINK5 and SPINK7 have been identified.However,other members remain to be explored.In this review,we summarized locations of SPINK genes,protein structures,functions of SPINK proteins,and the relationship between SPINK family and humane diseases.