Objective To observe the B-scan ultrasonic characteristics of the posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and the relationship between the PVD and retina. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 991 cases (1107 eyes) with PVD. Methods The results of B-scan ultrasonography were retrospectively in PVD patients and according to the adhesion between the posterior vitreous cortex (PVC) and eyeball wall, complete PVD and incomplete PVD were divided. Main Outcome Measures The ratio of types and characteristics of PVD. Results 710 eyes(64.1%)were diagnosed as complete PVD, in which 69 eyes(17.3%)accompanied with peripheral ruptured detachment of retina, and 16 eyes(23.0%)PVC adhered with lid of peripheral retina hole. 397 eyes(35.9%)were diagnosed as incomplete PVD, in which 159 eyes(40.0%)as partly PVD, and 76 eyes(47.7%)concomitanted with PVC proliferation and vitreous incompletely splitting. 121 eyes(30.5%)PVC were adhered with the macula, and 117 eye(29.5%)with the optic disc. Conclusions Ultrasonography can be applied to diagnose PVD precisely,which can provide credible morphologic evidence for the clinic.

Objective To explore the mechanisms and the significance of compatibility of Heixiaoyao Powder by observing the effect of Heixiaoyao Powder on mice model of senile dementia induced by scopolamine. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups including control group, model group, Heixiaoyao Powder group, Xiaoyao powder group and streamlined formula group, with 10 mice of each group. Scopolamine hydrobromide intraperitoneal injection was adopted to make memory impairment in mice model, and followed by drugs treatment with corresponding decoction of the crude drug 2.314 g /(kg·d). Control group and model group were given normal saline orally once a day, all groups were treated for 10 days continuously. After 6 and 8 days of the administration, water maze test, stair jumping test and darkness avoidance test were conducted to test behavior proficiency, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in brain tissue were tested also. Results Compared with model group, Heixiaoyao Powder group, Xiaoyao Powder group and streamlined formula group could significantly reduce the error number and shorten latency in the water maze test, decrease the time of electrical shocks and prolong the incubation period of time in both stair jumping test and darkness avoidance test, and could increase ChAT activity and lower AchE activity in brain tissue of mice (P<0.01 or P<0.05), especially the effects of Heixiaoyao Powder group. Conclusions Heixiaoyao Powder and its analogous formula have the function of preventing and treating senile dementia.

Objective To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of hypofractionated radiotherapy versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for intermediate-to high-risk localized prostate cancer.Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP database, and Wanfang Data to collect the controlled clinical trials of hypofractionated radiotherapy versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy in patients with intermediate-to high-risk localized PCa published up to August 31, 2016.Stata 12.0 was used for meta-analysis.The difference between two groups was estimated by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95%confidence interval (CI).ResultsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 5 controlled clinical trials involving 1621 patients with PCa were included in this meta-analysis.The meta-analysis showed that overall survival (HR=1.00, 95%CI:0.85-1.17, P=0.980) and biochemical failure (RR=0.87, 95%CI:0.68-1.12, P=0.274) were comparable between the two groups.Compared with the conventionally fractionated radiotherapy, the incidence of acute gastrointestinal adverse events (grade≥2) was significantly higher in the hypofractionated radiotherapy (RR=1.94, 95%CI:1.23-3.06, P=0.004).However, there were no significant differences in the incidence of acute genitourinary adverse events (grade≥2)(RR=1.03, 95%CI:0.92-1.14,P=0.626), late gastrointestinal adverse events (grade≥2)(RR=1.17,95%CI:0.90-1.51, P=0.238), and late genitourinary adverse events (grade≥2)(RR=1.11, 95%CI:0.94-1.30, P=0.228) between the two groups.Conclusions Conventionally fractionated radiotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy have comparable therapeutic effects in patients with intermediate-to high-risk localized PCa.Although the patients treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy have a higher incidence of acute gastrointestinal adverse events than those treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy, the incidence of late gastrointestinal and genitourinary adverse events is comparable between the two groups of patients and the adverse effects are tolerable.

Objective To investigate the value of three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in assessment of left ventricular (LV) strains. Methods Thirty healthy young adults examined by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) and 3D-STI. And the results of LV measurements were compared, which included mean peak systolic longitudinal strains, radial strains and circumferential strains. Also, the time consumption of these two methods was compared. Results The time needed for 3D-STI in acquisition and analysis of the images were (309.3±23.4)s, (305.5±11.2)s, while the time for 2D-STI were (490.6±14.4)s, (1261.4±39.9)s. The differences were signiifcant(t=-21.81, 69.94, both P<0.01). The global mean peak systolic radial strains was (48.59±7.68)%by 3D-STI and (33.25±7.27)%by 2D-STI. The difference was signiifcant(t=9.16, P<0.01). The global mean peak systolic longitudinal and circumferential strains were (-17.66±3.14)%, (-17.13±2.29)% by 3D-STI and (-21.35±2.46)%, (-21.97±3.84)% by 2D-STI. The differences were signiifcant(t=5.33, 5.99, both P < 0.01). The 3D-STI strains were different at different levels of LV. The longitudinal, circumferential and radial 3D-STI strains were largest at middle levels. However, 2D-STI strains didn′ t show such trend. Peak strains measured by 3D-STI and 2D-STI showed high inter-observer and intra-observer agreement in Bland-Altman chart. Conclusion 3D-STI is a novel, convenient and reproducible method to evaluate the strains of LV.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and efficacy of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) in colorectal tumors.

METHODSClinical data of 70 patients with colorectal tumors were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients had received HALS colectomy in the Beijing Cancer Hospital. Lapdisc was used for the hand port at the umbilicus. Two additional trocars were used.

RESULTSThere were 38 males and 32 females. The median age was 61(29-89) years. Diagnoses included sigmoid cancer(n=48), sigmoid adenoma(n=4), descending colon cancer (n=3), ascending colon cancer (n=1), rectal cancer (n=13), total colectomy(n=1). The operative time was (126.0±22.5) minutes. The intraoperative blood loss was (75.0±18.8) ml. The mean number of lymph node dissection was(16.8±4.2). The median postoperative hospital stay was 9.4 days. There were no perioperative deaths. One patient developed anastomotic stricture and two anastomotic leak, all of which were successfully managed with conservative treatment.

CONCLUSIONHALS is a safe and effective technique for colectomy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

A quantitative HPLC-DAD method was developed for simultaneous determination of N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine and N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine in Solani Melongenae Radix from different cultivation regions in China The separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) at 30 degrees C with a gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was 300 nm. The calibration curves of N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine and N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine were linear over the ranges of 2.84-68.16, 3.10-74.40 mg x L(-1), and the average recoveries (n = 9) were 99.30% and 102.8%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of sixteen samples from different cultivation regions in China, which indicated that the method is simple, rapid, accurate, and reliable for quality evaluation of Solani Melongenae Radix.
Amides ; analysis ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Solanaceae ; chemistry ; classification

For investigation of the regulatory mechanism of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on pulmonary circulation in rabbits with endotoxic shock (ES) induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) were evaluated for 5 h in five groups of rabbits: group of LPS (8 mg/kg, i.v.)-induced ES, group of CCK-8 pretreatment (15 microg/kg, i.v.) 15 min before LPS administration (8 mg/kg, i.v.), group of proglumide pretreatment (1 mg/kg, i.v.) 15 min before LPS administration (8 mg/kg, i.v.), group of CCK (15 microg/kg, i.v.) only, and normal saline (control) group. The pulmonary arterial tension was measured with isolated vascular ring technique. The results showed that LPS-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension was abolished by CCK-8. In contrast, proglumide, a nonspecific antagonist of CCK-8 receptor, potentiated the deleterious effect of LPS. The contractile response of isolated pulmonary artery to alpha-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) was enhanced and the relaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh) was depressed significantly after LPS was injected, but the effect could be reversed by CCK-8. These results suggest that pulmonary circulation is improved by CCK-8 in ES, and the regulatory effects of CCK-8 may be brought about by modulating the pulmonary arterial tension.
Animals ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Shock, Septic ; complications ; physiopathology ; Sincalide ; pharmacology ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo compare the safety and efficacy perioperatively between hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) and conventional open sigmoidectomy.

METHODSProspectively collected data on 115 patients with sigmoid colon cancer between January 2009 to June 2010 were analyzed. There were 62 patients in the HALS group and 53 in the conventional sigmoidectomy group (CS). Patient characteristics, operative parameters, and perioperative outcomes were compared.

RESULTSHALS patients were similar to CS patients in age(60.2 yrs vs. 63.4 yrs, P=0.163), gender (53.2% vs. 60.4% male, P=0.441), tumor size (4.7 cm vs. 5.3 cm, P=0.114) and tumor stage. The two groups were comparable in operative time [(122.4±32.0) min vs.(126.7±37.4) min, P=0.510], lymph node harvest (15.1±4.6 vs. 16.8±6.4, P=0.163), free margin length [(4.1±1.8) cm vs.(4.3±1.7) cm, P=0.601], and postoperative complications. However, HALS group had less intraoperative bleeding [(62.6±35.4) ml vs. (168.9±137.1) ml, P=0.000], shorter time to flatus [(2.3±0.8) d vs. (3.3±1.1) d, P=0.000], and shorter hospital stay [(8.8±2.7) d vs.(12.6±8.0) d, P=0.001].

CONCLUSIONSHALS results in similar short-term outcomes compared to conventional surgery. HALS is safe and minimally invasive.

Colectomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sigmoid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To study the expression of MMP1 and TIMP1 in simple and radiation-combined wound healing and their effects on the healing process and tissue remodeling. Methods: A rat model of radiation-combined wound healing was used. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were performed which enabled the detection of MMP1 and TIMP1 expression in the healing process. Ultrastructural changes were observed with transmission EM. Results: The wound healing process was impaired and delayed. In rats receiving 25 Gy of gamma ray locally the irradiated wounds healed 6 days later than non-irradiated controls. The following changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 expression were found: (1) In the early inflammatory phase and in the period of granulation tissue formation, MMP1 expression in the newly-formed epidermis of irradiated wounds approximated that in the controls. Later, the epidermal expression of MMP1 in radiation wounds was comparatively increased with the delay of the healing process.On days 3 to 14 after wounding, TIMP1 was weakly positive in the proliferating keratinocytes of control wounds and became negative after epidermal covering, whereas no or only slight epidermal expression was detected in radiation wounds before epidermal covering.(2)MMP1 and TIMP　1 expression in radiation wounds was markedlydecreased in fibroblasts　, endotheliocytes and macrophages as compared with the controls. The expression phase was prolonged due to the delay of the healing process.Conclusions:The reduced expression of MMP1 and TIMP1 in granulation tissue retards such important processes as cell migration, angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, thus retarding the healing process. The expression of MMP1 in the newly-formed epidermis may help the process of reepithelialization,but in the late healing period, overexpression of MMP1 and decreased expression of TIMP1 in the epidermis may hinder the establishment of basal membrane and the formation of granulation tissue, and thus affect the matrix remodeling process.

Objective To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of human avian influenza A (H7N9 ) epidemic in Jiaxing City,and to provide scientific basis for the control and prevention of the disease.Methods The epidemiological and clinical information of 15 cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9)reported from April, 2013 to May,2015 were collected.Sample of patients and external environmental samples of suspected exposure were collected and detected by real-time PCR.The epidemic distribution and clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results Fifteen cases of human infection with H7N9 were confirmed from April,2013 to May,2015,including 11 cases of death (77.33%).The confirmed cases mostly reported in winter and spring,and 9 confirmed cases were over 60 years,and male case proportion was higher than women (1.5∶1 ).Most of cases (66.67%)were sporadic and occurred in rural areas,but no epidemiological association was observed among the cases.Fever (100%),cough (66.67%),and wheezing and tightness in chest (33.33%)were common initial symptoms.The chest imaging examination of patients showed ground glass opacity and patchy consolidation,and 7 cases had simple pleural effusion.Twelve of confirmed cases had other chronic diseases.Eleven cases of death had appeared multiple medical comorbidities,such as respiratory failure (6/1 1 ),pulmonary embolism (4/1 1 ),multiple systemic organ failure (3/1 1 ),and heart cerebrovascular embolization (2/11).Twelve cases had been exposed to the live poultry markets where the positive rate of novel influenza A (H7N9) virus in environmental specimens was 7.69%(25/325).One of the 252 close contacts to confirmed cases appeared mild flu-like symptoms.No positive result related to novel influenza A (H7N9)virus nucleic acid was detected from each close contact's throat swabs.Conclusion Human infections with avian influenza A (H7N9)virus showed obvious seasonal distribution in Jiaxing.Elderly men,especially those with chronic diseases were the high risk people of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza.The infection might be associated with the exposure to live birds.Standard management of live poultry markets is the key measure in preventing and controlling H7N9 virus infection among population.