1.Study on Gastroesophageal Reflux according to Feeding Types.
Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2001;4(1):1-9
PURPOSE: Gastroesophgeal reflux (GER) is defined as involuntary movement of gastric contents into esophagus. Relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter caused by immature anatomical development in newborn and young infants produces GER frequently. We wanted to know whether the frequency of GER is influenced by feeding types and position or not. We studied in 16 subjects according to feeding types (breast feeding group: BFG-7, formula feeding group: FFG-9) who admitted to the Soonchunhyang university hospital for recurrent regurgitation with 24 hr esophageal pH monitoring from August 1996 to July 1999. METHODS: We compared two groups by number of reflux episode, reflux rate, longest episode, numbers of episodes lasting >5 minutes, longest episode in upright position and longest episode in supine position. We used Mann-Whitney test for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 1) The subjects were 7 infants in BFG and 9 infants in FFG, 16 in total, and mean age was 2.1, and 2.6 months for BFG and FFG, respectively. 2) The reflux numbers were 244+/-151/day, 275+/-155/day for BFG and FFG, respectively. 3) The reflux rate was 14+/-15% for BFG and 28+/- 22% for FFG. It was lower in BFG. 4) The longest episode was 20+/-28 minutes for BFG and 58+/-66 minutes for FFG. It was significantly longer in FFG. 5) The numbers of episodes lasting>5 minutes were 5+/-6 for BFG and 9+/-3 for FFG. 6) The longest episode in upright position was 10+/-8 minutes for BFG and 40+/-47 minutes for FFG. It was significantly shorter in BFG. 7) The longest episode in supine position was 18+/-29 minutes for BFG and 52+/-66 minutes for FFG. It was significantly shorter in BFG. CONCLUSION: Breast feeding is strongly recommended to reduce the regurgitation in infancy. It is an another benefit of breast feeding.
Breast Feeding
;
Dyskinesias
;
Esophageal pH Monitoring
;
Esophageal Sphincter, Lower
;
Esophagus
;
Gastroesophageal Reflux*
;
Humans
;
Infant
;
Infant, Newborn
;
Relaxation
;
Supine Position
2.High-fat diet alters the thermogenic gene expression to β-agonists or18-carbon fatty acids in adipocytes derived from the white and brown adipose tissue of mice
Seonjeong PARK ; Seung A OCK ; Yun Jeong PARK ; Yoo-Hyun LEE ; Chan Yoon PARK ; Sunhye SHIN
Journal of Nutrition and Health 2024;57(2):171-184
Purpose:
Although activating thermogenic adipocytes is a promising strategy to reduce the risk of obesity and related metabolic disorders, emerging evidence suggests that it is difficult to induce adipocyte thermogenesis in obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of adipocyte thermogenesis in diet-induced obesity.
Methods:
Adipose progenitor cells were isolated from the white and brown adipose tissues of control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice, and fully differentiated white and brown adipocytes were treated with β-agonists or 18-carbon fatty acids for β-adrenergic activation or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation.
Results:
Compared to the CD-fed mice, the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) was lower in the white adipose tissue of the HFD-fed mice; however, this was not observed in the brown adipose tissue. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) was lower in the brown adipose progenitor cells isolated from HFD-fed mice than in those isolated from the CD-fed mice. Norepinephrine (NE) treatment exerted lesser effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (Pgc1a) upregulation in white adipocytes derived from HFD-fed mice than those derived from CD-fed mice. Regardless which 18-carbon fatty acids were treated, the expression levels of thermogenic genes including Ucp1, Pgc1a, and positive regulatory domain zinc finger region protein 16 (Prdm16) were higher in the white adipocytes derived from HFD-fed mice. Oleic acid (OLA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) upregulated Pgc1a expression in white adipocytes derived from HFDfed mice. Brown adipocytes derived from HFD-fed mice had higher expression levels of Pgc1a and Prdm16 compared to their counterparts.
Conclusion
These results indicate that diet-induced obesity may downregulate brown adipogenesis and NE-induced thermogenesis in white adipocytes. Also, HFD feeding may induce thermogenic gene expression in white and brown primary adipocytes, and OLA and GLA could augment the expression levels.
3.A Case of Complete Heart Block Complicating Bacterial Endocarditis.
Nam Ho KIM ; Jin Won JEONG ; Kyung Ho YUN ; Nam Jin YOO ; Eun Mi LEE ; Moo Rim PARK ; Seok Kyu OH ; Soon Ho CHOI ; Ock Kyu PARK
Korean Circulation Journal 2003;33(6):528-532
Active infective endocarditis, involving native, is often complicated by conduction abnormalities. These conduction disturbances are considered to represent an extension of the infection from the valve to the annulus, and to the surrounding myocardium. We describe a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with dyspnea due to staphylococcal endocarditis, which was complicated by a complete heart block.
Dyspnea
;
Endocarditis
;
Endocarditis, Bacterial*
;
Female
;
Heart Block*
;
Heart*
;
Humans
;
Middle Aged
;
Myocardium
4.The Clinical Experience of Propofol-Alfentanil Anesthesia Using Computer Assisted Continuous Infusion.
Hyun Hwa LEE ; Yun OcK PARK ; Ho Yeong KIL
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2001;41(5):643-647
The short duration and fast onset of action of alfentanil underpins its suitability for use in anesthetic techniques. In these case studies, we have assessed the efficacy, safety and feasibility of alfentanil as an analgesic adjuvant of propofol based general anesthesia. Propofol was titrated to Keep the bispectral index in the 40 50 range. Alfentanil was infused at the effect site concentration of 80 or 160 ng/ml using a computer assisted continuous infusion. Two patients in this pilot study showed stable hemodynamics, smooth emergence and satisfactory postoperative pain control with additional analgesics in PACU.
Alfentanil
;
Analgesics
;
Anesthesia*
;
Anesthesia, General
;
Hemodynamics
;
Humans
;
Pain, Postoperative
;
Pilot Projects
;
Propofol
5.A Case of Malignant Mesenchymoma of the Heart.
Su Bin LIM ; Jae Hong PARK ; Kyung Ho YUN ; Kwang Il KO ; Byoung Hyun PARK ; Seok Kyu OH ; Jin Won JEONG ; Yang Kyu PARK ; Ock Kyu PARK
Journal of the Korean Society of Echocardiography 1997;5(2):197-201
Malignant mesenchymomas by definition are composed of two or more cellular types that would ordinarily derive from primitive mesenchyme. They grow rapidly, recur frequently, metastasize, and can be found in a wide variety of locations. Malignant mesenchymomas as primary cardiac tumor are extremely rare with poor prognosis. Only 15 cases of cardiac malignant mesenchymoma were reported in worldwide literature in 1961-1992. We report a case of primary cardiac malignant mesenchymoma in 58 year-old female patient admitted due to hemoptysis and mild exertional dyspnea.
Dyspnea
;
Female
;
Heart Neoplasms
;
Heart*
;
Hemoptysis
;
Humans
;
Mesenchymoma*
;
Mesoderm
;
Middle Aged
;
Prognosis
6.Two Cases of Asymptomatic Ruptured Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva Confirmed by Transesophageal Echocardiography.
Kyung Ho YUN ; Jae Hong PARK ; Byoung Hyun PARK ; Kwang Il KOO ; Seok Kyu OH ; Su Bin LIM ; Jong Beom CHOI ; Jin Won JEONG ; Yang Kyu PARK ; Ock Kyu PARK
Journal of the Korean Society of Echocardiography 1997;5(2):190-196
Ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva is an uncommon congenital lesion, which was first reported in 1840 by Thurman. Its incidence is representing up to 3.5% of patients undergoing congenital heart disease surgery. Predominant symptoms are dyspnea, palpitation, and chest pain, present above the half. An early diagnosis is helpful because of the favorable surgical prognosis. Echocardiography remains useful in detecting abnormalities, and provides important information prior to cardiac catheterization and surgery. Cardiac catheterization and angiography are necessary for diagnosis of receiving chamber and associated lesions such as ventricular septal defect, aortic regurgitation, and other congenital abnormalities. The effective treatment is surgery. Without operation, cause of death are heart failure or bacterial endocarditis. We report two cases of asymptomatic ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva, confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization. The corrective surgery was performed without complication.
Aneurysm, Ruptured*
;
Angiography
;
Aortic Valve Insufficiency
;
Cardiac Catheterization
;
Cardiac Catheters
;
Cause of Death
;
Chest Pain
;
Congenital Abnormalities
;
Diagnosis
;
Dyspnea
;
Early Diagnosis
;
Echocardiography
;
Echocardiography, Transesophageal*
;
Endocarditis, Bacterial
;
Heart Defects, Congenital
;
Heart Failure
;
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Prognosis
;
Sinus of Valsalva*
7.A Case of Descending Thoracic Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Associated with Thoracolumbar Pedicle Screw Removal.
Byoung Hyun PARK ; Eun Kyung CHOI ; Kyung Ho YUN ; Kwang Il KO ; Su Bin LIM ; Seok Kyu OH ; Jin Won JEONG ; Yang Kyu PARK ; Ock Kyu PARK
Journal of the Korean Society of Echocardiography 1998;6(2):171-174
Vascular injuries after spine surgery may result in acute life-threatening hemorrhage, chronic arteriovenous fistula, or pseudoaneurysm formation. The interval between injury and rupture may range from seconds to years, and accordingly, a high index of suspicion is needed to make the diagnosis. Although acute and delayed vascular injury caused by placement of posterior pedicle screw fixation has been reported, the potential for large vessel disruption during posterior pedicle screw removal has been rarely reported. This case report concerns a 50-year-old man who developed an descending thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm after posterior pedicle screw removal, diagnosed by chest computed tomography(CT) scan and transesophageal echocardiography(TEE).
Aneurysm, False*
;
Arteriovenous Fistula
;
Diagnosis
;
Hemorrhage
;
Humans
;
Middle Aged
;
Rupture
;
Spine
;
Thorax
;
Vascular System Injuries
8.The development of resources for the application of 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans
Ji-Yun HWANG ; Yangha KIM ; Haeng Shin LEE ; EunJu PARK ; Jeongseon KIM ; Sangah SHIN ; Ki Nam KIM ; Yun Jung BAE ; Kirang KIM ; Taejung WOO ; Mi Ock YOON ; Myoungsook LEE
Journal of Nutrition and Health 2022;55(1):21-35
The recommended meal composition allows the general people to organize meals using the number of intakes of foods from each of six food groups (grains, meat·fish·eggs·beans, vegetables, fruits, milk·dairy products and oils·sugars) to meet Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) without calculating complex nutritional values. Through an integrated analysis of data from the 6th to 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2013–2018), representative foods for each food group were selected, and the amounts of representative foods per person were derived based on energy. Based on the EER by age and gender from the KDRIs, a total of 12 kinds of diets were suggested by differentiating meal compositions by age (aged 1–2, 3–5, 6–11, 12–18, 19–64, 65–74 and ≥ 75 years) and gender.The 2020 Food Balance Wheel included the 6th food group of oils and sugars to raise public awareness and avoid confusion in the practical utilization of the model by industries or individuals in reducing the consistent increasing intakes of oils and sugars. To promote the everyday use of the Food Balance Wheel and recommended meal compositions among the general public, the poster of the Food Balance Wheel was created in five languages (Korean, English, Japanese, Vietnamese and Chinese) along with card news. A survey was conducted to provide a basis for categorizing nutritional problems by life cycles and developing customized web-based messages to the public. Based on survey results two types of card news were produced for the general public and youth. Additionally, the educational program was developed through a series of processes, such as prioritization of educational topics, setting educational goals for each stage, creation of a detailed educational system chart and teachinglearning plans for the development of educational materials and media.
9.AMP kinase/cyclooxygenase-2 pathway regulates proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells treated with quercetin.
Yun Kyoung LEE ; Song Yi PARK ; Young Min KIM ; Won Sup LEE ; Ock Jin PARK
Experimental & Molecular Medicine 2009;41(3):201-207
AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is highly conserved in eukaryotes, where it functions primarily as a sensor of cellular energy status. Recent studies indicate that AMPK activation strongly suppresses cell proliferation in non-malignant cells as well as in tumor cells. In this study, quercetin activated AMPK in MCF breast cancer cell lines and HT-29 colon cancer cells, and this activation of AMPK seemed to be closely related to a decrease in COX-2 expression. The application of a COX-2 inhibitor or cox-2(-/-) cells supported the idea that AMPK is an upstream signal of COX-2, and is required for the anti-proliferatory and pro-apoptotic effects of quercetin. The suppressive or growth inhibitory effects of quercetin on COX-2 were abolished by treating cancer cells with an AMPK inhibitor Compound C. These results suggest that AMPK is crucial to the anti-cancer effect of quercetin and that the AMPK-COX-2 signaling pathway is important in quercetin-mediated cancer control.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology
;
Anticarcinogenic Agents/*pharmacology
;
Antioxidants/*pharmacology
;
Apoptosis/*drug effects
;
Cell Cycle/drug effects/physiology
;
Cell Line, Tumor
;
Cell Proliferation/*drug effects
;
Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics/*physiology
;
Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology
;
Enzyme Activation
;
Humans
;
Pyrazoles/pharmacology
;
Pyrimidines/pharmacology
;
Quercetin/*pharmacology
10.A 24 kDa Excretory-Secretory Protein of Anisakis simplex Larvae Could Elicit Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice.
Hye Kyung PARK ; Min Kyoung CHO ; Mi Kyung PARK ; Shin Ae KANG ; Yun Seong KIM ; Ki Uk KIM ; Min Ki LEE ; Mee Sun OCK ; Hee Jae CHA ; Hak Sun YU
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2011;49(4):373-380
We have reported that a 24 kDa protein (22U homologous; As22U) of Anisakis simplex larvae could elicit several Th2-related chemokine gene expressions in the intestinal epithelial cell line which means that As22U may play a role as an allergen. In order to determine the contribution of As22U to allergic reactions, we treated mice with 6 times intra-nasal application of recombinant As22U (rAs22U). In the group challenged with rAs22U and ovalbumin (OVA), the number of eosinophils in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly increased, as compared to the group receiving only OVA. In addition, mice treated with rAs22U and OVA showed significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Thus, severe inflammation around the airway and immune cell recruitment was observed in mice treated with rAs22U plus OVA. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 cytokines in the BALF increased significantly after treatment with rAs22U and OVA. Similarly, the levels of anti-OVA specific IgE and IgG1 increased in mice treated with rAs22U and OVA, compared to those treated only with OVA. The Gro-alpha (CXCL1) gene expression in mouse lung epithelial cells increased instantly after treatment with rAs22U, and allergy-specific chemokines eotaxin (CCL11) and thymus-and-activation-regulated-chemokine (CCL17) gene expressions significantly increased at 6 hr after treatment. In conclusion, rAs22U may induce airway allergic inflammation, as the result of enhanced Th2 and Th17 responses.
Administration, Intranasal
;
Animals
;
Anisakiasis/*immunology/parasitology
;
Anisakis/*immunology/metabolism
;
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
;
Chemokines/metabolism
;
Cytokines/analysis/*metabolism
;
Eosinophils/metabolism
;
Female
;
Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology
;
Helminth Proteins/*immunology
;
Hypersensitivity/*immunology/parasitology
;
Immunoglobulin E/immunology
;
Immunoglobulin G/immunology
;
Larva/immunology/metabolism
;
Lung/metabolism
;
Mice
;
Mice, Inbred C57BL
;
Recombinant Proteins/immunology
;
Th17 Cells/metabolism
;
Th2 Cells/metabolism