No abstract available.
Immunization*

No abstract available.
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*

No abstract available.
Cause of Death* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Body Mass Index* ; Cholesterol* ; Humans ; Plasma* ; Spouses*

The use of self reported height and weight is very common in epidemiologic studies and clinical settings. In this study we assessed the accuracy of selfreported weight, height and body mass index by comparing with measured data. Data were obtained from 1065 persons(657 men, 358 women) who visited a health care center for routine medical check-up during the period September 1994-February 1995. The correlation between reported and measured height and weight was very strong. There were some discrepancies between two data, however, and men and women differ ed somewhat in their pattern of misreporting. Weight was overestimated by 0.27kg in men and underestimated by 0.09kg in wo men whereas height was overestimated in men(0.88cm) and women(2.15cm). These misreported data resulted in an underestimation of body mass index and low sensitivity for diagnosing overweight in men and women. The size of error was larger in women than in men. So it suggests that the self reported height and weight data could be used as a continuous variable with little error, but misclassification could be occured when the self reported data were used as a categorical variable. Errors in self reported weight and height, BMI were related to a person's over-weight status. The more people overweighed the more they underestimated their weight. Educational level and age, exercise, marri age had no relationship with the accuracy of self reported data. In conclusion, the use of self reported weight and height in epidemiologic studies and clinical settings could result underestimation of obesity, especially in obese female group.
Body Mass Index ; Delivery of Health Care ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Self Report

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cholesterol*

BACKGROUND: Fatty liver, the most possible cause for an elevated hepatic aminotransferase level once hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and the drug induced hepatitis were excluded, is supposed to have association with obesity as well as inqestion of alcohol. This study was performed to find an epidemiologic evidence for the association between obesity and fatty liver. METHODS: A case control study was carried out on 160 cases matched for age and sex with 160 controls in a tertiary care hospital family practice clinic. Patients who had either an elevated aminotransferase level (> 45 IU/L) at two separate times or at one time with ultrasonic evidence compatible to fatty liver without any evidence of other causes that might affect the liver were included into case group. Information on the height, weight, cholesterol level, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical exercise, and past medical history were obtained through a review of medical records and self administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the independent association. RESULTS: With the increase of body mass index (BMI), the association between BMI and an elevated aminotransferase level suspected of fatty liver inareased. Significantly increased associations were observed in BMI levels 25~29 kg/2 (Odds ratio[OR],5.02; 95 % confidence interval[CI], 1.49 16.93) and more than 30 kg/m2 (OR, 14.87; 95 % CI, 2.58 85.62). Consuming large amount of alcohol (> 60g/day)and increasing cholesterol level were also significantly associated with elevated aminotransferase level suspected of fatty liver. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with elevated aminotransferase level suspected of fatty liver were heavy drinking, cholesterol level, and BMI. Large OR observed in high BMI levels (over 25 kg/m2) and dose response relationship with BMI seem to suggest a causal relationship between obesity and fatty liver.
Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol ; Drinking ; Exercise ; Family Practice ; Fatty Liver* ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis C ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Function Tests ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Obesity ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Ultrasonics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in survival rates between primary gastric and intestinal gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to investigate risk factors for survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed survival rates and risk factors in 60 cases with stage I and II primary gastrointestinal lymphomas treated at Keimyung University Hospital between January 1972 and August 1999. RESULTS: No differences in sex, age, histology, stage, or percentage of curative resection were observed between primary gastric and intestinal lymphoma. The overall 10-year survival rates of gastric and intestinal NHL were 68.1% and 39.6%, respectively (p<0.05). The overall 10-year survival rates in stage I gastric and intestinal NHL were 66.7% and 70.0%, respectively, while those in stageII were 65.1% and 23.7%, respectively (p<0.001). A multivariate analysis of risk factors for survival revealed that the site of origin (5.68, CI=1.8-17.5) and stage (4.22, CI= 1.19-14.85) were significantly correlated with prognosis (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of bcl-2 and p53 between gastric and intestinal NHL. Furthermore bcl-2 and p53 expressions were not correlated with the prognosis. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that stage II primary intestinal lymphoma has lower survival rate than gastric lymphoma.
Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate*

The cause of essential hypertension is yet unknown, but in general is caused by interaction of hereditary factors, diet, obesity, lack of exercise and stress. The aging process influences various physiological mechanism related to regulation of blood pressure. So elderly hypertensives have a tendancy to consider the disease as a result of the physiological aging process. This attitude causes many complications, worsening of the disease and even early death because of inappropriate care. In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an education program that improves self-care behavior, through increasing self-efficacy. The education program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care strategies, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy resources such as verbal persuation, performance accomplishment and vicarious experiences. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Thirty-two elderly hypertensives participated in the study. Eighteen in the education group and fourteen in the control group. The education program consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows(Version 8.0). The results were as follows. 1. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2. There was no significant difference in the level of self-care behavior between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 3. There was significant difference in self-efficacy of experimental and control group, depending on the measuring period, but there was no difference between these groups on interaction by groups and over time. 4. There was positive correlation between self efficacy and self care behavior depending on the measuring period. There was negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the posttest of the program, and between systolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the follow-up test of the program. Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.
Aged* ; Aging ; Blood Pressure* ; Diet ; Education* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Self Care* ; Self Efficacy