Objective:To explore the significance of elevating cervical flap before vital-dye injection in identifying blue-stained nodes receiving lymphatic drainage in rabbit's tongue, so as to provide raw data for normalizing vital-dye injection in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) during tongue-carcinoma treatment. Methods: 64 adult rabbits were randomly divided into four groups according to the injecting sites: tongue-tip, tongue-lateral, tongue-center and tongue-root. Four doses of methylene blue-0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 ml were chosen and injected into 4 tongues in every group, 2 of them were injected before and after the elevation of cervical flap respectively. Time was recorded according to the time points of colored and discolored lymphatic duct and nodes. Results:①The overall success rate in localizing blue-stained node was 93.75%(60/64). ②In the success cases in group elevating cervical flap just before injecting methylene blue, all experiments had the time records of lymphatics and nodes' turning blue; while the counterpart group did not show any blue staining. ③All the blue stained nodes were found in lymph nodeⅠto Ⅲ local area. Conclusion:t may be dependable to utilize methylene blue as tracer in the tongue carcinoma SLNB. Elevation of cervical flap before injecting methylene blue is necessary and practicable in tongue carcinoma SLNB.

Objective To study the expression of copper transport protein 1 in the inner ear of rat and the changes of CTR1 expression after those round window niche copper sulfate and cisplatin infusion .Methods 24 male wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups :Group I as the normal control group (nontreatment group);Group II as the round window niche cisplatin infusion group(0 .5 mg/ml);Group III as the round window niche cisplatin infusion group (1 mg/ml);group IV as the round window niche copper sulfate infusion (0 .02 mg/kg) .The CTR1 protein was detected by the immunohistochemical (IHC) otaining and Western-blot ,and the CTR1mRNA expres‐sion levels were detected by RT -PCR .Results The expression of CTR1 protein was observed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of Corti organ cells ,spiral ganglion cells and stria vascularis in all groups .The average optical densi‐ties of CTR1 protein was a downward trend .The expression of CTR1 protein was observed in four different groups . The optical density analysis of CTR1 showed that the optical densities were 0 .532 ± 0 .031 ,0 .394 ± 0 .024 ,0 .234 ± 0 .030 and 0 .191 ± 0 .015 ,respectively .There was a downward trend ,and there were statistically differences among the groups (P<0 .05) .The CTR1 mRNA was observed in all groups .The optical density analysis of CTR1 mRNAshowed that the optical densities were 0 .508 ± 0 .035 ,0 .391 ± 0 .022 ,0 .240 ± 0 .02 and 0 .186 ± 0 .021 ,respective‐ly .It had a downward trend and were statistically differences among the groups (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The CTR1 protein was abundantly expressed in Corti organ ,spiral ganglion cells and stria vascularis of the cochlea .The round window cisplatin and copper sulfate infusion can change the expression of CTR1 proteins in inner ear .

Objective To investigate the development of ultrastructure in grafts from a xenograft model of human hemangioma on nude mice.Methods Human infantile hemangioma tissue was obtained in surgery and planted into subcutaneous layer of nude mice in small pieces.The grafts were harvested on the 2~(nd),5~(th),15~(th),30~(th),45~(th) day and then at 2~(nd),3~(rd),4~(th),6~(th) month for transmission electron microscopic view.Results In early stage after transplantation,signs of degeneration and necrosis were more evident.On the 30~(th) day,the number of endothelial cells increased and some of the endothelial cells were larger in size with high nuclear to plasm ratio.At the 2~(nd) month,the number of endothelial cells increased,while some of these cells turned flat.Later,high endothelial cells decreased in number and collapse and pyknosis of plasm,formation of secondary lysosome,margination of chromatin,fragmentation of nucleus were evident with surrounding deposition of adipose and collagen.Conclusions With xenotransplantation of human infantile hemangioma tissue onto nude mice,the grafts may survive ischemia and proliferate,and then gradually involute.The development resembles a natural course of human infantile hemangioma.

Objective To explore the relationship of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)gene C677T,factor V(FV)gene G1691A and prothrombin(PT)gene G20210A polymorphisms to unexplained recurrent early spontaneous abortion(URESA).Methods One hundred and twelve patients with URESA and 100 women with at least 1 normal pregnancy and without any miscarriage were analyzed for MTHFR,FV and PT gene polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Results MTHFR gene T/T genotype and T allele frequencies were increased in URESA patients[38.4%(43/112)and 59.8%(134/224)]versus controls[18.0%(18/100)and 43%(43/100),P

Objective To evaluate the in vitro activity of cefazolin penta-hydrate and other common used antimicrobial agents against clinical pathogens isolated within last 3 years. Method MIC values were deter-mined by standard twofold agar dilution method. Time kill curves were il-lustrated by colony form unit (cfu) count method. Totally , MICs of 604 isolates within last 3 years from 19 hospitals were tested. Result The results indicated that for Gram - positive aerobic pathogens, cafazolin pentahydrate showed satisfied in vitro activity against methicillin suscepti-ble Staphylococcus aureus ( MSSA), methicillin susceptibel Staphylococcus epidemidis (MSSE), penicillin susceptible Streptococcus pneumonies (PSSP) and Streptococcus spp. β-hemolytic group. MIC90 was ≤ 4 mg · L-1 For Gram- negative bacilli, cefazolin pentahydrate also showed antibacterial activity. MIC values was ≤ 8 mg · L-1 for non- ESBLs Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. Time- kill curves test results indicated that cefazolin pentahydrate typically is of time dependent profile against staph-ylococci, but for E. coli, the bactericidal activity slight increased with drug concentration increased. Conclution Compared with contrast drugs, the activities of cefazolin pentahydrate against G+ bacteria were better than cephalexin, clindamycin, clarithromycin, and silght better than cefotiam, and similar with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime and levofloxacin. For non - ESBLs Enterobacteriaceae, the activies of cefazolin pentahydrate were better than cephalexin, and similar with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefuroxime.

Objective To study the bioequivalence of domestic and im-ported cefiibuten tablets in healthy volunteers.Methods A single oral doses of 400 mg ceflibuten was given to 22 healthy volunteers in an open randomized crossover design.The concentrations of ceftibuten in plasma were determined by a HPLC method.The pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic and imported were calculated by 3 P97 software.Results The main phannacokinetic parameters of domestic and imported were as follow:t_(max) were(2.18±0.97)and(2.43±0.81)h;C_(max) were(18.58±2.70)and(18.95±4.38)μg·mL~(-1);t_(1/2) were(2.41±0.86)and (2.36±0.70)h;AUC_(0-t) were(95.76±14.54)and(96.14±18.87)μg·h·mL~(-1),respectively.The relative bioavailability of ceftibuten was(101.77±17.72)%.Conclusion The results demonstrated that the two preparations of cefiibuten were bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to evaluate the impact of two reconstruction algorithms (halfscan and multisector) on the image quality and the accuracy of measuring the severity of coronary stenoses by using a pulsating cardiac phantom with different heart rates (HRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simulated coronary arteries with different stenotic severities (25, 50, 75%) and different luminal diameters (3, 4, 5 mm) were scanned with a fixed pitch of 0.16 and a 0.35 second gantry rotation time on a 64-slice multidetector CT. Both reconstruction algorithms (halfscan and multisector) were applied to HRs of 40-120 beats per minute (bpm) at 10 bpm intervals. Three experienced radiologists visually assessed the image quality and they manually measured the stenotic severity. RESULTS: Fewer measurement errors occurred with multisector reconstruction (p = 0.05), a slower HR (p < 0.001) and a larger luminal diameter (p = 0.014); measurement errors were not related with the observers or the stenotic severity. There was no significant difference in measurements as for the reconstruction algorithms below an HR of 70 bpm. More nonassessable segments were visualized with halfscan reconstruction (p = 0.004) and higher HRs (p < 0.001). Halfscan reconstruction had better quality scores when the HR was below 60 bpm, while multisector reconstruction had better quality scores when the HR was above 90 bpm. For the HRs between 60 and 90 bpm, both reconstruction modes had similar quality scores. With excluding the nonassessable segments, both reconstruction algorithms achieved a similar mean measured stenotic severity and similar standard deviations. CONCLUSION: At a higher HR (above 90 bpm), multisector reconstruction had better temporal resolution, fewer nonassessable segments, better quality scores and better accuracy of measuring the stenotic severity in this phantom study.
*Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Computer Simulation ; Coronary Angiography/*methods ; Coronary Stenosis/*radiography ; Electrocardiography ; *Heart Rate ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Observer Variation ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tomography, Spiral Computed/*methods

Objective To study the psychological and psychosomatic status of children with pectus exca vatum and the significance of orthotherapy. Method Eighty-seven patients and 87 healthy children were interviewed with the Achenba ch Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL),the symptom Checklist (SCL-90)and the psycho logical and psychosomatic status checklist contrived. Results The children with pectus excavatum showed higher frequency in interpersonal sens itivity, depression,anxiety,obsession compulsion and also more mental difficul ties than those of control group.The differences between the patients and health y children were significant statistically.Conclusions The psychological and psychosomatic status of children with pectus excavatum are worse than those of healthy children,so it is reasonable to perform an operati on earlier for improvement of physiological, psychological ,social aspects in ch ildren with pectus excavatum. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2005,20(2):178-179

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Wenyang Shengjing Decoction (WSD) containing serum on the estradiol (E2) secretion, the synthesized cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) activities, as well as the expression of its encode gene CYP19 in Leydig cells of male sterile rats of adenine induced Shen-yang deficiency (SYD).

METHODSExperimental rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the high, middle, and low dose WSD groups, 5 in each group. The normal saline, low, middle, and high dose WSD were respectively given to rats of all groups for 10 successive days. Blood was drawn from rats' heart 2 h after the last gastrogavage. The serum was separated after centrifuge. Leydig cells isolated and purified from SYD rats were primary cultured in vitro and divided into 5 groups in random, i. e., the blank control group, the model group, the high, middle, and low dose WSD groups (1.2, 1.0, and 0.8 g/mL, respectively). The content of E2 released in the culture supernate was determined by radioimmunoassay. The P450arom activity was detected by tritium release assay. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP19 were analyzed using fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, the E2 secretion of the supernate of Leydig cells obviously decreased in the model groups, accompanied with the inhibition of P450arom activities, significant decreased protein and mRNA expressions of CYP19 (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, after intervened by WSD containing serum, the E2 secretion in the Leydig cells could be significantly increased, the P450arom activities up-regulated, the CYP19 expressions up-regulated at the protein and mRNA levels partially in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSWSD containing serum could effectively elevate the E2 secretion in Leydig cells, which might be partially achieved through up-regulating P450arom activities and enhancing the gene expression of CyP19. This might be one of its mechanisms of action for treating male infertility of SYD.

Animals ; Aromatase ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Estradiol ; secretion ; Leydig Cells ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum ; Yang Deficiency ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of single dose of astromicin injection in healthy Chinese volunteers.Methods A randomized,three period cross-over,latin-square design study was conducted.Twelve male volunteers were administrated intravenously 150,200 and 250 mg of astromicin within 0.5 h infusion.The concentrations of astromicin in serum and urine were determinated by precolumn derivatization-fluorescence HPLC method.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of three dose(150,200,250 mg)were as follows:C_(max) was(11.27±2.65),(15.83±3.14)and(21.97±3.67)mg·L~(-1);t_(1/2)β was(2.56±0.72),(2.97±1.30)and(2.66±1.39)h;AUC_(0-t)was(30.92±8.49),(39.58±11.57)and(47.31±11.59)mg·h·L~(-1);AUC_(0-∞) was(31.78±8.73),(40.50±11.56)and(48.20±11.95)mg·h·L~(-1);V_c was(11.49±2.61),(10.69±1.52)and (10.20±1.93)L;CL was(5.33±2.03),(5.49±1.51)and(5.68 ±1.35)L·h~(-1),respectively.Urinary recovery rates was(78.75±7.00)%,(78.95±12.57)%and(79.94±10.28)%,respectively.Conclusion The main pharmacokinetic parameters of astromicin in difereneut doses were nearly fit linear dynamic feature,and the drug maily excreted through kidney.