No abstract available.
Child* ; Cyclosporine* ; Humans ; Nephrosis, Lipoid*

Chyle is the digestive product absorbed from intestinal lymphatics which the component have high concentration of triglyceride and protein. The various pathological circumstances which give rise to intrathoracic effusion of chyle are well documented and so the etiology is clearly defined in most instances. However, the occurrence of chylothorax in early infancy, in the absence of other demonstrable diseases and without apparent birth trauma, suggests the existence of congenital malformation of the thoracic ducts. We lately experienced a 20 day old new born who was proved to have congenital chylothorax by clinical history and laboratory findings. So we report the clinical findings and laboratory findings with the review of the literatures on congenital chylothorax.
Chyle ; Chylothorax* ; Parturition ; Thoracic Duct ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

Positions, angulation and mesiodistal dimension of lower incisors are important in esthetics, occlusion and post-treatment stability of lower arch. When lower incisor is congenitally missing, problems such as increased overjet and overbite, closing in of adjacent teeth and size/space discrepancies may occur. When creating treatment plans, incisor position and angulation, lip support, anteroposterior skeletal relationship canine-molar relationship, overjet, overbite, remaining growth potential, crowding and anterior tooth ratio have to be considered. For an accurate analysis of incisal size discrepancy, diagnostic model set-up may be helpful. The two patients in this presentation both had two lower incisor missing, but the degree of crowding, skeletal relationship, lip support, molar relationship are different, and therefore treatment plan was different as well. Long term follow-up may be necessary for stability and retention.
Crowding ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Lip ; Malocclusion* ; Molar ; Overbite ; Tooth

OBJECTIVES : The aim of this study was to identify the characteristic symptoms for diagnosis of Hwabyung (HB), a culture-related anger syndrome in Korea; to construct a rating scale for HB and test its validity and reliability; and propose diagnostic criteria for HB. METHODS : Subjects were male and female Korean patients, who were diagnosed following Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) as having depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders and who reported as having self-labeled HB. A HB Scale was constructed with 22 of the most common symptoms of HB as identified by previous studies. The HB scale's inter-rated reliability was tested with 60 subjects. Its validity was tested by comparison between a HB only group(n=47) and depressive disorder only group (n=44). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to make a predictive model of HB. Based on these results diagnostic criteria for HB was proposed. RESULTS : Inter-rated reliability in each of all the items and the total score of the HB Scale were statistically significant. The HB scale differentiated HB from depressive disorder with statistical significance. In logistic regression analysis, the ability of the HB model to predict symptoms of heat sensation, ukwool/boon (feeling of unfairness), and subjective anger was high with sensitivity of 80.0%, specificity of 88.4%, accuracy of 84.1% and area under ROC of 0.92. Based on these results and information from previous research, diagnostic criteria of HB were formulated. CONCLUSION : The HB Scale was found to be reliable and valid. Consequently, diagnostic criteria of HB were proposed, to include subject anger, "kwool/boon" (Feeling of unfairness), expressed anger, heat sensation, hostility, "haan", pushing-up in the chest, epigastric mass, respiratory stuffiness, palpitation, dry mouth, sighing, racing thoughts, and lamentation.
Anger ; Anxiety Disorders ; Continental Population Groups ; Depressive Disorder ; Female ; Hemoglobin, Sickle ; Hostility ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mouth ; Sensation ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Somatoform Disorders ; Thorax

A series of clinical studies on the psychiatric aspects of hemodialysis and kidney transplantation were done with Korean patients, kidney donors, their families and unit nurses. All subjects were interviewed and evaluated for their psychiatric reactions and symptoms and for the underlying causes. Depression was the most common reaction, although the clinical features were somewhat different between groups studied. In addition, a unique and episodic psychotic syndrome was found in four patients. Depression and psychotic episodes seemed to reflect the psychodynamic components such as instinctual frustration, physical, familial and financial loss, dependency on a machine, sensory deprivation and the so-called fear of death and fear of life. These seemed to follow the unique features of hemodialysis and transplantation. The main defense mechanism seemed to be denial. The possible role of psychiatrists was discussed for evaluation, treatment, and prevention of these reactions and for the support of the family and the treatment team.
dult ; Aged ; Female ; Human ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Age ; Renal Dialysis/psychology* ; Transplantation, Homologous/psychology*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of cognitive health promotion workbook for community-dwelling elderlies with mild cognitive impairment and dementia performed by trained dementia partners. METHODS: The trained dementia partners performed cognitive training program with the workbook developed by Incheon Metropolitan Dementia Center to 36 participants with mild cognitive impairment or dementia at their home. The cognitive training program consisted of 60-minute sessions held twice weekly for 10 weeks. We evaluated their cognitive performances at baseline and after intervention. Pre- and post-intervention measures included Korean version of Mini-Mental Status Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS), Global Deterioration Scale, Korea Activities of Daily Living Scale, Korea Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, Korean Version of Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K) and Korean Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease (KQoL-AD). RESULTS: Participants showed significant improvements compared with their baseline in MMSE-DS (p=0.002), SGDS-K (p=0.001) and KQoL-AD (p<0.001). There were no significant differences of improvement between high cognitive function group (MMSE ≤20, n=16) and low cognitive function group (MMSE ≤20, n=20). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the cognitive training program with cognitive health promotion workbook can improve cognitive function, quality of life and depression for community-dwelling elderlies with mild cognitive impairment and dementia and it would be efficient that trained dementia partners perform the cognitive training program regularly at their home.
Activities of Daily Living ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Depression ; Education ; Health Promotion ; Incheon ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Quality of Life

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diabetes education on diabetic management by determining the changes of the knowledge and practice for diet therapy and blood glucose level pre-training and post-training. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SPSS 11.0 program. The results can be summarized as follows : The average age of the subjects was 52.8 years old, the period of suffering from diabetes was 7.9 years and 31% of the patients had a history of diabetes in their family members. In life style for self-management, they showed lower levels in drinking post-training, and significantly higher exercise levels post-training (P<0.05). Regarding the level of knowledge for diet, they showed significantly higher levels post-training in eight items such as importance of diet therapy for diabetes (p<0.005), principle of diet therapy (p<0.005), nutrient composition of foods (p<0.005), carbohydrate composition of foods (p<0.005), calorie prescribed to themselves (p<0.001), exchange units prescribed to themselves (p<0.005), exchange food items and exchanges units of cereal & grains (p<0.005) and exchange food items and exchanges units of fruit & juices (p<0.005). Regarding the practices of diet, they showed significantly higher levels of practice in keeping permitted meal size (p<0.005), using food exchange list (p<0.005), keeping exact meal times (p<0.001) and restricting most foods to eat (P<0.01) post-training. When measuring their bodies, average weight was lower post-training. Obesity was significantly lower post-training (p<0.01), and blood pressure both in systolic and diastolic was lower. Postcardinal-2hour blood glucose level decreased significantly from 268.4+/-98.9 pre-training to 180.9+/-48.4 post-training (p<0.001).
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Edible Grain ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Diet ; Diet Therapy ; Drinking ; Education* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Life Style ; Meals ; Obesity ; Self Care

In order to perform large-scale genetic studies of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Korea, the Korean Kawasaki Disease Genetics Consortium (KKDGC) was formed in 2008 with 10 hospitals. Since the establishment of KKDGC, there has been a collection of clinical data from a total of 1198 patients, and approximately 5 mL of blood samples per patient (for genomic deoxyribonucleic acid and plasma isolation), using a standard clinical data collection form and a nation-wide networking system for blood sample pick-up. In the clinical risk factor analysis using the collected clinical data of 478 KD patients, it was found that incomplete KD type, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) non-responsiveness, and long febrile days are major risk factors for coronary artery lesions development, whereas low serum albumin concentration is an independent risk factor for IVIG non-responsiveness. In addition, we identified a KD susceptibility locus at 1p31, a coronary artery aneurysm locus (KCNN2 gene), and the causal variant in the C-reactive protein (CRP) promoter region, as determining the increased CRP levels in KD patients, by means of genome-wide association studies. Currently, this consortium is continually collecting more clinical data and genomic samples to identify the clinical and genetic risk factors via a single nucleotide polymorphism chip and exome sequencing, as well as collaborating with several international KD genetics teams. The consortium-based approach for genetic studies of KD in Korea will be a very effective way to understand the unknown etiology and causal mechanism of KD, which may be affected by multiple genes and environmental factors.
Aneurysm ; C-Reactive Protein ; Coronary Vessels ; Data Collection ; DNA ; Exome ; Genetics* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Korea* ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Serum Albumin

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Standard unfractionated heparin (UFH) has long been used to prevent death and myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome and acute occlusion undergoing percutaneous revascularization. However, UFH binds to several plasma proteins, platelets, and endothelial cells producing a highly variable anticoagulant response. In contrast, Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) exhibits less protein binding and provides more predictable anticoagulant response with reduced need for patient monitoring and dosage adjustment. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-Xa activities of LMWH in Korean patients with acute coronary syndrome after recommended dose for caucasians and to determine an optimal method of administration of LMWH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty five patients with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled and allocated to five separate groups (5 patients in each group) by types according to molecular weight (LMWH (A): (molecular weight of 4500 daltons, LMWH (B): molecular weight of 6400 daltons) and methods of administration (Group 1A and 1B: Subcutaneous and subcutaneous injections (SC-SC), Group 2: Intravenous and subcutaneous injections (IV-SC), Group 3A and 3B: Intravenous, subcutaneous and subcutaneous injections (IV-SC-SC). Five groups were as follows: Group 1A: LMWH (A) 1 mg/kg SC every 12 hours, Group 1B: LMWH (B) 100 IU/kg SC every 12 hours, Group 2: LMWH (A) 1 mg/kg IV bolus and 1 mg/kg SC 12 hours later, Group 3A: LMWH (A) 0.5 mg/kg IV bolus, 3 hours later 1 mg/kg SC every 12 hours, Group 3B: LMWH (B) 50 IU/kg IV bolus, 3 hours later 100 IU/kg SC every 12 hours. Anti-Xa activity was measured by amidolytic assay method (Rotachrome, Stago, France) in 555 samples from 25 patients. All the data of anti-Xa activity in each group were plotted along the sequential time and mean values of them were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: 1)The anti-Xa activity (mean 0.6216+/-0.238 IU/mL) of LMWH (A) was greater than that of LMWH (B)(mean 0.2587+/-0.1709 IU/mL) in the conventional SC-SC method (p<0.001). 2) The anti-Xa activity of LMWH (A) (mean 0.6203+/-0.2383 IU/mL) was also greater than that of LMWH (B)(mean 0.468+/-0.2428 IU/mL) in the IV-SC-SC method (p<0.001). 3) More rapid and effective anti-Xa activities were achieved by IV-SC-SC method compared with conventional SC-SC method. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that immediate achievement and optimum maintenance of anticoagulant activity can be accomplished by IV-SC-SC method rather than conventional SC-SC method in patients of acute coronary syndrome.
Acute Coronary Syndrome* ; Blood Proteins ; Endothelial Cells ; Heparin ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight* ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Molecular Weight ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Myocardial Infarction ; Protein Binding