PURPOSE: This study was conducted to test the effect of a 12-week exercise program on body composition, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipid and bone mineral density for middle-aged and aged women in rural areas. METHODS: The subjects were 33 women at the age of 40-75. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and paired t-test were used with SPSSWIN 16.0. RESULTS: The results were summarized as follows. First, body weight, BMI, % body fat, abdominal adipose, and waist circumference of the women decreased significantly after implementing the 12-week exercise program. Second, diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL decreased significantly, and the HDL level increased significantly after the 12-week exercise program. Third, bone mineral density did not increase significantly after the program. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the exercise program has an effect in decreasing body composition, and improving blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid in middle-aged and aged women.
Adipose Tissue ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Humans ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

The purpose of this study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and to compare the dietary behaviors, nutrient intake and physical activities of specialized game high school students. Total of 163 subjects participated and their weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and bone status by a quantitative ultrasound method were measured. The subjects were surveyed by a self-administered questionnaire about general characteristics, dietary behaviors and physical activities. Nutrient intakes of the subjects were assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The subjects were divided into four groups on their obesity level by BMI. The prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and obese group was 6%, 58%, 16%, and 20% respectively. BMI was negatively correlated with bone mineral density (p < 0.01) and positively correlated with WHR (p < 0.01). The dietary guideline compliance score for "Enjoy Korean rice food style" was 2.63, followed by "Prepare food sanitarily" 2.48, "Do not skip breakfast" 2.29, "Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits, dairy products daily" 2.25, "Drink water instead of beverage" 2.10, "Choose less fried foods" 2.09 and "Maintain healthy weight" 1.91. The exercise frequency of walking was not significantly different between groups; however, heavy exercise frequency was significantly lower in underweight group than the other groups (p < 0.05). The energy intake was 2153 kcal, which was 81.2% of the Estimate Energy Requirement, and the intake of calcium and vitamin B2 was 66.7% and 77.8% of KDRIs. Particularly, the intake of iron, vitamin A and vitamin C was about 59.4%, 52.2% and 55.4% of KDRIs and INQ was 0.71, 0.63 and 0.65 respectively, and intake of folic acid fell behind 39.1% of KDRIs and INQ was 0.46. Our study suggests that the systematic and continuous nutrition education will have to be provided at schools to improve dietary and health behaviors and prevent chronic metabolic disease for students of specialized game high school.
Ascorbic Acid ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; Compliance ; Dairy Products ; Energy Intake ; Folic Acid ; Fruit ; Health Behavior ; Hip ; Humans ; Iron ; Metabolic Diseases ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Riboflavin ; Thinness ; Vegetables ; Vitamin A ; Waist Circumference ; Walking ; Water

No abstract available.
Erythrocyte Membrane* ; Erythrocytes* ; Hydroxyl Radical* ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Macrophages, Alveolar* ; Mineral Fibers*

No abstract available.
Hysterectomy*

A 33-year-old male visited the emergency room with abdominal pain which developed after a vomiting episode. Based on the pneumomediastinum findings from a chest radiograph and a contrast-enhanced chest and abdominal computed tomography scan, the patient was diagnosed with Boerhaave's syndrome. Preoperative radiologic findings showed no pneumothorax or pleural effusion. Once anesthesia was administered, the patient developed near complete cardiopulmonary collapse due to a bilateral tension pneumothorax, which was treated by bilateral thoracentesis, followed by chest tube insertion. Despite a left side rupture, the damaged right lung was unable to overcome single right ventilation, so the surgery was completed via right thoracotomy. The ruptured site was treated, and the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit. We discuss the anesthetic implications of this disease and how to prevent fatal complications.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Chest Tubes ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Lung ; Male ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumothorax* ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Rupture ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax ; Ventilation ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: This study aimed to find any difference in the clinical or the anatomical findings of vertebral artery dissection (VAD) between the trauma and the non-trauma groups. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and radiologic images of VAD patients. We compared data on symptoms, neurologic deficit, National institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) at admission, Rankin score (RS) at admission and discharge, and radiological findings including anatomical features, between the trauma and the non-trauma groups. RESULTS: From January 1997 to May 2006, 42 patients were enrolled and 13 patients (31%) had a history of earlier trauma. Focal neurologic deficit (trauma group 11/13 vs. non-trauma group 11/29), cerebral stroke (10/13 vs. 9/29), and extradural lesions of dissection (6/13 vs. 3/28) were more common in the trauma group than non-trauma group (p=0.007, p=0.017, p=0.018, respectively) and NIHSS at admission and discharge were significantly higher (p=0.012, p=0.001, respectively). Dissecting aneurysms were less frequent in the trauma group (2/13 vs. 19/29, p=0.006). Subarachnoid hemorrhage and unfavorable prognostic value (Rankin score at discharge> or =2) showed no differences between the groups (p=0.540, p=0.267, respectively). CONCLUSION: In VAD patients after trauma, focal neurologic deficit due to ischemic stroke and a steno-occlusive pattern are more frequent than they are in non-trauma patients. The location of dissection was most frequent at the extradural vertebral artery in the trauma group. NIHSS was higher in the trauma groups but the incidence of an unfavorable prognostic value (RS> or =2) was not significantly different between the groups.
Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Humans ; Incidence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vertebral Artery Dissection* ; Vertebral Artery*

PURPOSE: Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are expressed by various types of stress, and known to play an important role in protecting cellular homeostasis. We hypothesized that Hsps may protect tissue damage and cataract formation in endotoxin-induced uveitis. METHODS: Lewis rats were exposed to 43degreesC balanced salt solution or arsenite for inducing Hsps, then received LPS injection 6 hours later. We evaluated the inflammatory grade and cataractous lens change. Histological examination, measurement of nitric oxide concentration in anterior chamber and SDS-PAGE analysis of lens protein change were also performed. RESULTS: Western blotting of rat lens revealed that Hsps progressively increased by 6 hour after heating and peaked at 12 hours. The inflammatory grade and cataractous lens change were less in Hsps expressed. Nitric oxide concentration were also lowered in Hsps expressed groups. Analysis of lens protein revealed that normally expressed 66.2 KDa protein disappeared in all groups after LPS injection but recovered in Hsps expressed groups with time. CONCLUSIONS: This result suggests that Hsps may protect tissue damage and cataract formation in endotoxin-induced uveitis. This effect may be associated with decreased nitric oxide. The study demonstrates that preconditioning to induce larger amount of Hsps by heat shock or drug may decrease inflammation and cataractogenesis induced by uveitis and surgery. We conclude that induction of Hsps may be useful as a new therapeutic modality against uveitis-induced cataract.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Blotting, Western ; Cataract ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Heating ; Homeostasis ; Hot Temperature* ; Inflammation ; Molecular Chaperones ; Nitric Oxide ; Rats ; Shock ; Uveitis*

Platelets are derived from the fragments that are formed from the cytoplasm of bone marrow megakaryocytes-small irregularly shaped anuclear cells. Platelets respond to vascular damage, contracts blood vessels, and attaches to the damaged region, thereby stopping bleeding, together with the action of blood coagulation factors. Platelet activation is known to affect genes associated with vascular risk factors, as well as with arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study with 352,228 single-nucleotide polymorphisms typed in 8,842 subjects of the Korea Association Resource (KARE) project and replicated the results in 7,861 subjects from an independent population. We identified genetic associations between platelet count and common variants nearby chromosome 4p16.1 (p = 1.46 x 10(-10), in the KIAA0232 gene), 6p21 (p = 1.36 x 10(-7), in the BAK1 gene), and 12q24.12 (p = 1.11 x 10(-15), in the SH2B3 gene). Our results illustrate the value of large-scale discovery and a focus for several novel research avenues.
Arteriosclerosis ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Blood Vessels ; Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow ; Cytoplasm ; Genome-Wide Association Study* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Megakaryocytes ; Myocardial Infarction ; Platelet Activation ; Platelet Count* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of a knee proprioception evaluation using a dynamometer as a tool for evaluating proprioception of the lower extremities in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), and to explore its usefulness in predicting the ambulatory outcome. METHODS: A total of 14 SCI patients (10 tetraplegic, 4 paraplegic; all AIS D) were included in this study. The passive repositioning error (PRE) and active repositioning error (ARE) were measured with a dynamometer, along with tibial somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and abductor hallucis motor-evoked potential (MEP). Ambulatory capacity was assessed with the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II (WISCI-II), both at the time of the proprioception test (WISCI_i) and at least 6 months after the test (WISCI_6mo). RESULTS: The PRE showed a negative correlation with WISCI_i (r=-0.440, p=0.034) and WISCI_6mo (r=-0.568, p=0.010). Linear multiple regression showed the type of injury, lower extremities motor score, MEP, and PRE accounted for 75.4% of the WISCI_6mo variance (p=0.080). CONCLUSION: Proprioception of the knee can be measured quantitatively with a dynamometer in patients with incomplete SCI, and PRE was related to the outcome of the ambulatory capacity. Along with the neurological and electrophysiological examinations, a proprioception test using a dynamometer may have supplementary value in predicting the ambulatory capacity in patients with incomplete SCI.
Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Humans ; Knee ; Lower Extremity ; Proprioception* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Walking

This article presents a schematic review of the clinical manifestations of occupational neurologic disorders in Korea and discusses the toxicologic implications of these conditions. Vascular encephalopathy, parkinsonism, chronic toxic encephalopathy, cerebellar dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy, and neurodegenerative diseases are common presentations of occupational neurotoxic syndromes in Korea. Few neurotoxins cause patients to present with pathognomic neurologic syndrome. Detailed neurologic examinations and categorization of the clinical manifestations of neurologic disorders will improve the clinical management of occupational neurologic diseases. Physicians must be aware of the typical signs and symptoms of possible exposure to neurotoxins, and they should also pay attention to less-typical, rather-vague symptoms and signs in workers because the toxicologic characteristics of occupational neurologic diseases in Korea have changed from typical patterns to less-typical or equivocal patterns. This shift is likely to be due to several years of low-dose exposure, perhaps combined with the effects of aging, and new types of possibly toxicant-related neurodegenerative diseases. Close collaboration between neurologists and occupational physicians is needed to determine whether neurologic disorders are work-related.
Aging ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; Neurotoxins ; Occupational Diseases ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Toxicology