Objective To study the level of serum lipids and body-fat content of high-fat diet induced pbesity rats(DIO).explore the relationship between intracellular caleium and ventrieufar arrhythmia.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into control group(15)and experiment group(45),high-fat diet was administrated for 12 weeks to established obesity model,15 rats were selected into obesity group according to their body weight gain.The standard 2-lead electrocardiograph was used to detect the incidence and scores of arrhythmia induced by barium chloride(BaCl2,0.1 mg/kg)for 1 hour on every 8 rats from different groups respectively.Body-fat content.the level of serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipopmtein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipopmtein cholesterol (HDL-C)were measured.The epididymal(EP),retroperitoneal (RE) and mesenteric(ME)white adipose pads was measured to obtain the body fat content.Single ventricular myrocytes of rats were isolated by enzymatic dissociation.The confocal laser scanning microscope was used to record basic intraceUular calcium level([Ca2+]i).Results The body-fat content in obesity group[(7.71±0.74)%] was significantly higher than control group[(4.69±0.37)%](t＝3.650,P＜0.05).The level of serum TC,TGand LDL-C were significantly higher(t＝3.801,2.778,3.536.P＜0.05) in obesity group[(1.26±0.04),(0.58±0.10),(0.51±0.04)mmol/L]than those in control group[(0.92±0.08),(0.29+0.03),(0.31±0.04) mmol/L].The level of serum HDL-C wa8 decreased gradually from control group[(0.53±0.05)mmol/L] toobesity group[(0.52±0.02)mmol/L],but there waft no significant difference between them(t＝0.186,P＞0.05).The incidence of arrhythmia induced by BaCl2(0.1 mg/kg)in obesity group was significantly higher than controlgroup(X2＝5.333,P＜0.05),and the scores of arrhythmla was increased in obesity group(2.5±0.6)too.The fluorescence intensity standing for[Ca2+]i was increased significantly(t＝2.409,P＜0.05)from obesity group(247.96±20.03)to control group (174.25±23.13).Conclusion As the free cytosolic calcium begin to accumulate,the arrhythmia morbidity is increased in obesity rats.

To investigate chemical constituents from Radix Pittospori, chloroform extract of the roots was subjected to column chromatography with various chromatographic techniques. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical property and spectral analysis. Two triterpenoids were identified as 22-acetyl-21-(2-acetoxy-2-methylbutanoyl)-R1-barrigenol(1) and 3alpha-hydroxyl-20-demethylisoaleuritolic-14(15)-ene-28, 30-dioic acid (2). Compound 1 is a new triterpene and compound 2 is isolated from this plant for the first time.
Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rosales ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To explove the replantation and repairing methods of specified tissues and or- gans.Methods Seven cases of amputated external ear,2 cases of avulsed penis and testicle,1 amputated tongue and 1 amputated nose had been treated by microsurgery replantation,temporary ectopic implantation, and reconstruction by flap transfer.Results Those success in 5 cases of external ear replantation,2 earflap reconstruction with flap,and 2 replantation of penis and testicle,while failure in 1 case of external ear tempo- rary ectopic implantation,1 replantation of tongue and 1 nose.Conclusion For amputated special tissues and organs,shape and function of amputated tissues and organs can be well reestablished by microsurgery re- plantation.Skilled technique of microvascular anastomosis and satisfactory braking are most important to suc- cess.

BACKGROUNDMuch research has been focused on ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) to the transplanted organs. As a free radical, nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in IRI. In this study, the production of NO and its functions during IRI were monitored in rat models after allotransplantation of kidney grafts.

METHODSOf 75 male LEW rats, 30 served as donors, and the remaining 45 rats were divided into three groups (15 rats in each group): controls (group 1), kidney allotransplantation followed by bilateral nephrectomy during reperfusion (group 2), 2 hours before operation, donors and recipients were treated with N(G)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase inhibitor, at a dose of 30 mg/kg (group 3). Bilateral nephrectomies were performed while kidney grafts were reperfused. The kidney grafts were hypothemically stored for 24 hours. The production of NO before and after reperfusion was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The creatinine level, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the protein carbonyl content in tissue samples were recorded on the first and the fifth day after operation. The data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. Differences were considered to be statistically significant when a P value was less than 0.05.

RESULTSAfter reperfusion for 15 minutes, the production of NO increased remarkably and kept increasing till 120 minutes, after which the level returned to normal. In group 3, which was pretreated with L-NAME, creatinine levels were higher than those in group 2 at the 24th hour (4.10 +/- 0.50 mg/dl vs. 3.77 +/- 0.42 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and the 120th hour (3.19 +/- 0.79 mg/dl vs. 2.22 +/- 0.53 mg/dl, P < 0.05). GFR levels in group 3 were lower than those in group 2 at the 24th hour (0.50 +/- 0.12 ml/min vs. 0.71 +/- 0.19 ml/min, P < 0.05) and the 120th hour (0.59 +/- 0.38 ml/min vs. 1.27 +/- 0.23 ml/min, P < 0.01). The content of protein carbonyl in tissue samples of group 3 was lower than that in group 2 at the 24th hour (29.01 +/- 7.02 nmol/mg protein vs. 49.39 +/- 13.13 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.05), but was higher than that at the 120th hour (75.71 +/- 16.74 nmol/mg protein vs. 57.93 +/- 15.32 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAfter transplantation of hypothemically stored kidney grafts, the increased NO production in the early stage has protective effects on the transplanted kidney. Application of L-NAME to inhibit NO production is harmful to the recovery of the renal functions of kidney grafts.

Animals ; Creatinine ; blood ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism

A novel technique of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, segmentation, display and analysis of series slices of images including microscopic wide field optical sectioning by deconvolution method, cryo-electron microscope slices by Fourier-Bessel synthesis and electron tomography (ET), and a series of computed tomography (CT) was developed to perform simultaneous measurement on the structure and function of biomedical samples. The paper presents the 3D reconstruction segmentation display and analysis results of pollen spore, chaperonin, virus, head, cervical bone, tibia and carpus. At the same time, it also puts forward some potential applications of the new technique in the biomedical realm.
Algorithms ; Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ; methods ; Artificial Intelligence ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo analyse retrospectively the diagnosis and treatment of severe pneumonia in kidney transplantation recipients.

METHODSBetween January 1999 and December 2003, 172 adult patients underwent kidney transplantation at our department. In all severe pneumonia cases, empirical therapy was initiated with aztreonam, erythromycin and ganciclovir. And the therapy was switched to proper antibiotics according to the results of sensitivity testing. Responsible pathogen was detected by study of BAL (bronco-alveolar-lavage), sputum and blood specimen. Analyses included cell differential count, cytopathologic examination and cultures for bacteria, fungi and viruses. The immunosuppressive therapy was drastically reduced. Hypoxia was relieved by BiPAP (Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure) or mechanical ventilation if necessary.

RESULTSSeventeen cases (9.9%) of pneumonia were observed in the 172 recipients, only 11 (65%) patients experienced severe pneumonia, 1 (9%) of them died. Fever was the most common symptom on presentation (82%). On presentation 46% of the patients presented with classical clinical syndrome of fever accompanied by cough and dyspnea. Positive rate of BAL and blood culture were 100% and 46% respectively. BiPAP and mechanical ventilation were required in 6 and 2 cases respectively.

CONCLUSIONBAL is preferred for early detection of responsible pathogen. A combination of drastic reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen, implementation of appropriate empirical antibiotics, proper BiPAP or mechanical ventilation are important.

Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Homologous ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of vitamin B on treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction in renal-transplant recipients.

METHODSThirty-six stable hyperhomocysteinemic renal-transplant recipients were randomly assigned to vitamin treatment (group A, n = 18, folic acid 5 mg/d, vitamin B(6) 50 mg/d, B(12) 1000 microg/d) or controlled group (group B, n = 18) for 6 months. All subjects underwent assessment of levels for creatinine, creatinine clearance, average pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting homocysteine. Endothelial function was evaluated using high-resolution vascular ultrasound.

RESULTSThe levels of homocysteine markedly decreased in group A [(13 +/- 4) micromol/L vs (20 +/- 5) micromol/L, t = 5.3, P < 0.01] after treatment, whereas no significant changes were observed in group B. In group A, endothelium dependent [(12 +/- 5)% vs (9 +/- 5)%, t = 2.9, P < 0.01] and independent [(18 +/- 4)% vs (12 +/- 5)%, t = 3.4, P < 0.01] vasodilatation responses significantly increased after treatment, no significant changes were observed in group B. Endothelium dependent [(9 +/- 6)%, t = 2.8, P < 0.01] and independent [(12 +/- 5)%, t = 3.5, P < 0.01] vasodilatation responses of group A were significantly lower than that of group B after treatment.

CONCLUSIONSVitamin B supplementation can reduce the levels of homocysteine and improve the endothelial function in hyperhomocysteinemic renal-transplant recipients.

Adult ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Female ; Folic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin B 12 ; administration & dosage ; Vitamin B 6 ; administration & dosage

Objective To compare the effectivenessbetween the use of computer simulationin the teaching of abdomen diagnosis skills and the traditional teaching mode by conducting the real－time assessment and after－school questionnaire survey. Method Weselected 308 undergraduates with 165 (4 classes) majoring in clinical medicine and 143 (4 classes) majoring in medical laboratory in Kunming Medical Universityas the research object. Students were randomly divided into two groups and taught using demonstration method. One group practiced abdominal examination on other students while the other group adopted computer simulation.Both groups were giventests of practical skills and anonymous open－ended questionnaires after class.Results The average score of computer simulation group was higher than the other group. The questionnaire survey showed that computer simulation was suitable for repeatable exercises and easy to review after class (P＜0.05).Conclusion In thediagnostic practice of abdominal examination,teaching assisted with computer simulation showing an outstanding performance should be combined and promoted with the traditional teaching.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and correlation of end-tidalcarbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO2) and arterial blood carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) of children with different types of congenital heart disease in perioperative period of cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods 60 children undergoing selective cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for congenital heart disease were chosen (aged 1-14 years old, ASA class II or III).According to echocardiographic results, the children were divided into two groups. Group A:Left-to-right shunt in children, involving 15 cases of atrial septal defect and 15 cases of ventricular septal defect;Group B: Right-to-left shunt in children, involving 30 cases of Fallot tetrad. All 60 children underwent intravenous general anesthesia and rapid induction of orotracheal intubation. All patients underwent ventilator-assisted ventilation in the surgical intensive care unit for 8 hours after surgery. The brachial artery blood was collected for arterial blood gas analysis to measure PaCO2 at the beginning of surgery (T1), 15 min after anesthesia (T2), before CPB (T3), 15 min after CPB (T4), end of surgery (T5), time to transfer to SICU (T6), 2 h after monitored in ICU (T7), 4 h after monitored in SICU (T8), 6 h after monitored in SICU (T9), 8 h after monitored in SICU (T10).The PaCO2 and PetCO2 were recorded at each time point. According to the result of PetCO2 and PaCO2, we studied the correlation of the two indexes at each time point.Results In group A, there was a positive correlation between PetCO2 and PaCO2 at each time point (the correlation was 0.55 to 0.87, P＜0.001). The correlation between PETCO2 and PaCO2 decreased gradually during T2-6, and the correlation gradually increased during T7-10. There was no significant correlation between PetCO2 and PaCO2 (the correlation was0.21 to 0.38, P＞ 0.05) before operation in group B until 15 minutes after CPB. From the end of surgery to 8 hours after SICU monitoring, PetCO2 was positively correlated with PaCO2 (the correlation was0.54 to 0.83, P ＜ 0.05).The correlation between the two indexes increased gradually during T5-10. Conclusions During the perioperative period of cardiopulmonary bypass, PetCO2 can be used as an evaluation indicator for clinical monitoring in the children with Left-to-right shunt of congenital heart disease.There was no significant correlation between PetCO2 and PaCO2 in the children with congenital heart disease of right-to-left shunting before the end of surgery. PetCO2 could not replace PaCO2.With the improvement of postoperative conditions, It is significant to dynamically observe changes in PetCO2 to guide the analysis of PaCO2.

Adult ; Amphotericin B ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Fluconazole ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Glucocorticoids ; adverse effects ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed