No abstract available.

Extensive knowlege of the characteristics of synovial fluid has been available for at least the past 30 years, when a Monograph on the subject by Kling first appeared in 1938. Since that time, Ropes, Bauer(1953) and Hollander (1960, 1961, 1965) have published classic. Monographs on their extensive studies and findings of synovial fluid. Specific laboratory tests for diagnosis of various forms of arthritis are usually lacking. For example, the test for the rheumatoid factor in serum may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, but these are often negative in early cases and L. E. phenomenon is often negative in the early stage or between severe exacerbations of the Systemic lupus erythematosus. It has become increasingly clear during the past 10 years that synovial fluid analysis is both the most valuable and yet the most neglected differential diagnostic test for arthritis. Studies of synovial fluid have presented a virtually unexplored frontier in the investigation of arthritis. So, we studied the synovial fluid from 100 cases of various forms of arthritis in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital from May, 1968 to May, 1969. 100 cases of arthritis are; 30 cases of Osteoarthritis, 20 cases of Traumatic athritis, 25 cases of Rheumatoid arthritis, 10 cases of Septic arthritis, 5 cases of Tuberculous arthritis, and 10 cases of Non-specific bursitis. The synovial fluid were aspirated from the involved joints in aseptic conditions and follwing studies were done. 1) General appearance. 2) Mucin content by Acetic acid PPT. or Ropes test. 3) Viscosity by Drop test. 4) Cell count by Wright s stain. WBC: Total and differential count. RBC count. 5) Synovial sugar by Folin Wu method. 6) Fasting blood sugar by Folin Wu method. 7) Sugar difference between synovial sugar and Fasting blood sugar. 8) Total protein by Kingsley s Biuret method. 9) Bacterial culture in Septic arthritis. 10) Microscopic examination. RA cells by Sternheimer-Malbin stain in Rheumatoid arthritis. Cartilage fragments with simple wet preparations in Osteoarthritis. 6 kinds of arthritides were grouped into 3 categories based on the degree of inflammation of the synovial membrane as reflected by synovial fluid changes according to Ropes and Bauer s classification(1953). The first group, consisting of Osteoarthritis and Traumatic arthritis, was associated with mild inflammatory reactions and increased amount of fluid, but no significant changes in the number of WBC, sugar concentration, or quality of mucin. The second group was characterized by more sever inflammation of the synovial membrane and included Rheumatoid arthritis, Septic arthritis and Tuberculous arthritis. The second group was associated with decreased mucin content, increased WBC, polymorphonuclear leucocytes, RBC and protein and decreased amount of synovial sugar. RA cells were found in all cases of Rheumatoid arthritis and cartilage fragments in Osteoarthritis under the light microscope. The third group, an intermediate group-Non specific bursitis might have some distinguishing characteristics of synovial fluid but these were not usually diagnostic.
Acetic Acid ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Infectious ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biuret ; Blood Glucose ; Bursitis ; Cartilage ; Cell Count ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Fasting ; Inflammation ; Joints ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Methods ; Mucins ; Netherlands ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Synovial Fluid ; Synovial Membrane ; Viscosity

No abstract available.
Child* ; Fever* ; Humans ; Parents*

We analyzed neurodevelopmental outcome data of 36 selected studies. Data of individual studies were pooled by birth weight group: <800g, <1.000g, <1.500g and by time period of birth year: Period I (pre-intensive care era), 1960-67:Period II (beginning period of intensive care), 1968-76: and Period III (established period of intensive care), 1977-87. In all weight groups, survival and intact outcome rates based on live birth have progressively improved over the three period. The major neurodevelopmental handicap rate of the <1,500g decreased in Period III vs. Period I and Period II (66,70, and 45 per 1,000 live births in I, II, and III, respectively). However, the major handicap rate in the <800g and the <1,000g live births increased: in the <800g, from 48 per 1,000 live births in Period II to 101 in Period III and, in the <1000g, from 28 per 1,000 live births in Period I to 67 in Period II and 73 in Period III. Increases in major handicap rate in two lower weight groups were predominantly the effect of increasing number of survivors over these periods and had little to do with the change in handicap rates in the survivors. In the <1,500g, the magnitude of reduction in handicap rate in the survivors was sufficient to overwhelm the effect of increased survival, resulting in a reduction in the number of major handicapped children. We conclude that based on the currently avaiable reports, neonatal intensive care has provided very low birth weight infants with a reduction in mortality, an increase in intact outcome, and decrease in the number of major neurodevelopmentally handicapped children. We try to estimate the trend of major neurodevelopmental handicap and intactoutcome of infants with birth weights <1,500g in Korea and speculate that major handicap rate have progressively increased over the three period in spite of increase in intact outcome.
Birth Weight ; Disabled Children ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal* ; Korea ; Live Birth ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Survivors

PURPOSE: Factors affecting the response to surfactant replacement therapy are considered as types of surfactant, and strategies of treatment including prophylactic vs rescue therapy, single vs multiple doses, methods of mechanical ventilation, and modes of surfactant delivery. Among those factors, response to surfactant replacement therapy according to the modes of surfactant delivery was rarely studied in the world. In preterm infants with RDS, we studied the efficacy and adverse effects of surfactant replacernent therapy according to the differences in the modes of surfactant delivery. METHOD: Preterm infant weighing 500-2,500g with RDS who required assisted ventilation were divided into two groups. One group is as follows five fractional doses with five positional changes after removal from ventilator by feeding tube technique. The other group is as follows; two fractional doses with two positional changes by side-port adaptor technique. Of the 30 infants enrolled, 15 were randomly assigned to each group. We compared the respiratory indices, chest radiologic response, clinical outcome after surfactant replacement, and adverse effects during dosing procedure. RESULT: There were no diffrences of patient profile between two groups. There were significant improvernent in FiO2, a/APO2, MAP, OI, and chest radiologic response following surfactant replacement therapy in both groups. No significant differences were noted in the adverse effects during dosing procedure and incidence of complication. CONCLUSION: In initial phase of RDS treatment with surfactant replacement therapy, two fractional doses with two positional changes by side-port adaptor technique improve respiratory indices, radiologic response without dernonstrable harmful effects as five fractional doses with five positional changes after removal from ventilator by feeding tube technique, however two fractional dosing procedure is more recommendable because of #more simple and convenient procedure.
Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Respiration, Artificial ; Thorax ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; Humans ; Indomethacin* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Ventilation*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meningitis, Bacterial*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*