A survey was implemented to suggest basic data for assuring the safety of cooked foods in foodbank operations. A questionnaire consisted of total 48 items including general characteristics, basic inputs and perceived importance/performance of sanitary management. One hundred twenty-eight responses among the 267 nationwide foodbanks were used for the statistical analysis. About forty-one percent of foodbanks was operated a period of 1-3 years and 43.0% of them were managed by social welfare organizations. The number of staff was only 0.5 person per operation with the whole responsibility and 1.0 with additional work, and thus most of the work was managed by volunteers. Job satisfaction was shown to be moderate and was affected by specialty and salary mostly. The facilities and equipment in foodbanks were not enough to operate and freezers/refrigerators were the top priority to supplement. Most of the respondents attended a nationwide level sanitary education program (79.7%), but complained not enough frequency of education (90%). The sanitary status of the donated foods was considered as satisfactory but some safety practices had to be improved, including personnel expenses and operating costs in the district level, a sanitary awareness of the donors and a general management of the facilities and equipment. An assessment on sanitary management resulted in an overall average of 4.45 out of 5 points in importance and 3.85 in performance showing the high level of sanitation perception in foodbank managers. From the IPA analysis, the fields found to be improved were sanitation management during cooking and temperature control as well as cleanliness and sanitation of both transport vehicle and refrigerator/freezer. To secure the food safety in foodbanks, consequently, personnel support, supplement of facilities and equipment, intense sanitation education and development of sanitation management program is needed.
Cooking ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Food Safety ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Sanitation ; Social Welfare ; Tissue Donors ; Volunteers

Background: Femoral neck stress fractures (FNSFs) are rare but potentially disabling injuries if the diagnosis is missed or delayed and proper treatment is not provided. The aim of this study was to investigate and describe the characteristics and clinical course of FNSFs in South Korean male military recruits. Methods: Between May 2015 and October 2019, 16 fractures in 12 young male military recruits were reviewed. The characteristics of the fractures were ascertained by detailed analysis of the history and clinical course, as well as radiographs, bone scintigrams, and magnetic resonance images. Results: The median duration between endurance training and the development of hip pain was 5 weeks, while the median duration of pain before the patient sought medical attention was 3 weeks. Four patients (33.3%) exhibited bilateral fractures, and concomitant lesions involving the proximal tibia were found in 3 patients (25%). Fourteen of the 16 fractures (87.5%) were compression-type fractures, and surgery was performed for 7 hips. Complete union without malunion or osteonecrosis was achieved in all cases, and all cadets returned to their full activity levels in an average of 10 weeks. Conclusions We observed excellent prognosis of FNSFs. Our report highlights the importance of early reporting, detection, and treatment regarding the challenging management of FNSFs. When a military recruit reports hip pain, a FNSF should be considered; furthermore, the bilaterality of the fracture and the presence of concomitant lesions should also be investigated.

PURPOSE: To analyze and characterize the radiologic findings of lobular carcinoma of the breast, a carcinoma which is very rare in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with pathologically proven lobular carcinoma were included in this study. Mammography was performed in all patients and ultrasonography in six. Clinical manifestations, mammographic findings and ultrasonographic findings were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 45.9 years and the most common clinical manifestation was palpable breast mass (9/12). Radiologic findings of lobular carcinoma were spiculation (11/12), mass density (8/12), asymmetric vessel (6/12), and microcalcifications (6/12). Ultrasonography showed intermediate or lower echoic mass (4/6). Posterior enhancements and shadowings were noted in the same proportion. Breast MRI in two patients showed mass lesion with rapid strong enhancement at 1 minute after contrast injection on dynamic study. Tumor stages were stage II (6/12) followed by stage I (3/12), and most advanced case was stage IIIb. CONCLUSION: On mammogram, the most common finding of lobular carcinoma of the breast was spiculation, and calcifications showed more frequently than in other reports. Ultrasound study showed ellipsoid mass with transverse long axis. Internal echogenicity and posterior sonic enhancement or shadowing of the mass were not characteristic of the tumor.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Lobular* ; Humans ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: A novel inhibitor of apoptosis, survivin, seems to be involved in critical steps of cancer onset and progression, and associated with unfavorable clinical outcome. We investigated the expression of survivin in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and uterine cervical cancer to determine whether survivin indicates the poor prognosis or not. METHODS: The study included 14 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III, 53 cases of invasive uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stain and western blot was performed with antihuman survivin antibody. RESULTS: Survivin was highly expressed in CIN III and cervical cancer group than normal control group (p<0.05). Significant survivin expression was noted in cancer patients with lesion size >or=4 cm, lymphovascular invasion, elevated SCC Ag. level, and nonresponse to initial therapy. As the clinical stage goes up, survivin expression had a tendency to increase but there was no statistical significance (p=0.081). No association was noted between survivin expression and survival rate (p=0.1011). CONCLUSION: This results suggest that survivin expression may provide prognostic information and could represent a possible new marker of prognosis in uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Pfeiffer syndrome is one of a rare form of craniosynostosis syndrome, showing variable degree of craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, broad thumbs and toes and syndactyly. This is transmitted in autosomal dominant pattern and known to be related to mutations in FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor) 1 or FGFR 2. We experience a case of newborn Pfeiffer syndrome type 3 who had multiple facial anomalies, thumbs and great toes anomalies, ankylosis of radius and ulnar and hydrocephalus.
Acrocephalosyndactylia* ; Ankylosis ; Craniosynostoses ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Infant, Newborn ; Radius ; Syndactyly ; Thumb ; Toes

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) is a high grade soft tissue sarcoma, commonly occur in the retroperitoneum, extremities, head and neck in the patient with old ages. But it is very uncommon that MFH primarily occurs in the lung, and uncommon in young ages. We experienced a young male patient with primary MFH of the lung. The patient had huge masses on both lungs which were diagnosed as MFH by thoracoscopy-guided wedge resection of mass, so we could not perform operative management. And we tried 6 cycles of chemotherapy using ifosfamide, doxorubicin, dacarbazine. After chemotherapy, masses still remained in spite of decreasing sizes.
Dacarbazine ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Extremities ; Head ; Histiocytoma ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous* ; Humans ; Ifosfamide ; Lung* ; Male ; Neck ; Sarcoma ; Thoracoscopy

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and its related characteristics among healthy adults in some Korean rural areas. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the data from 1352 adults who were over the age 40 and under the age 70 and who were free of diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases and other diseases and who participated in a survey conducted as part of the Korean Rural Genomic Cohort Study. IFG was defined as a serum fasting glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dL. RESULTS: The prevalence of IFG was 20.4% in men, 15.5% in women and 12.7% overall. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the independent risk factors for IFG were male gender, having a family history of DM, the quartiles of gamma glutamyltransferase and high sensitive C-reactive protein and the waist circumference. The homeostatis model assessment for insulin resistance was very strongly associated with IFG. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and MS components was higher in the subjects with IFG then in those with normal fasting glucose (NFG). CONCLUSIONS: The result of study could supply evidence to find the high risk population and to determine a strategy for treating IFG. Further research is needed to explain the causal relationship and mechanisms of IFG.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Weights and Measures ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Fasting ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance/*epidemiology ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors

PURPOSE: The factors that predict prostate cancer detection on repeat biopsy were evaluated in patients with atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) on the initial biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2003 to 2008, 3,130 men with suspected prostate cancer underwent a prostate needle biopsy, and 244 (7.8%) were diagnosed as having ASAP. One hundred seventy of 244 patients were rebiopsied at least once more. They were classified into a prostate cancer group and a noncancer group according to the final pathological diagnosis. The database of rebiopsied patients included age, initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density (PSAD), PSA velocity (PSAV), total prostate volume (TPV), and transitional zone volume of the prostate (TZV). We compared differences in the aforementioned parameters between the 2 groups. RESULTS: A total of 57 patients (33.5%) with ASAP were ultimately shown to have prostate cancer. Univariate analysis showed that PSAD (p=0.002), PSAV (p=0.001), TPV (p=0.035), and TZV (p=0.005) differed significantly between the cancer and noncancer groups. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that PSAD (p=0.022), PSAV (p<0.001), and TPV (p=0.037) had a statistically significant correlation with cancer detection. CONCLUSIONS: PSAD, PSAV, and TPV are predictive factors of prostate cancer in patients with an initial diagnosis of ASAP of the prostate. Although repeat biopsy is mandatory irrespective of PSA values, the follow-up of PSA may help to estimate the probability of cancer in these men.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms

This study was performed to investigate the biological effects of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) on the testes and eyes in mice using HANARO Nuclear Reactor, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. BNCT relies on the high capacity of (10)B in capturing thermal neutrons. Sodium borocaptate (BSH, 75 ppm, iv) and boronophenylalanine (BPA, 750 ppm, ip) have been used as the boron delivery agents. Mice were irradiated with neutron (flux: 1.036739E +09, Fluence 9.600200E+12) by lying flat pose for 30 (10 Gy) or 100 min (33 Gy) with or without boron carrier treatment. In 45 days of irradiation, histopathological changes of the testes and eyes were examined. Thirty-three Gy neutron irradiation for 100 min induced testicular atrophy in which some of seminiferous tubules showed complete depletion of spermatogenic germ cells. Lens epithelial cells and lens fiber were swollen and showed granular changes in an exposure time dependent manner. However, boron carrier treatment had no significant effect on the lesions. These results suggest that the examination of histopathological changes of lens and testis can be used as "biological dosimeters" for gauging radiation responses and the HANARO Nuclear Reactor has sufficient capacities for the BNCT.
Animals ; Boranes/*pharmacology ; Borohydrides/*pharmacology ; Boron Neutron Capture Therapy/*methods ; Eye/pathology/*radiation effects ; Histocytochemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrons ; Phenylalanine/*analogs&derivatives/pharmacology ; Seminiferous Tubules/pathology/*radiation effects ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/*pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A total of 172 type 2 diabetic patients (95 men and 77 women) who had not taken lipid-lowering agents were enrolled in this study. Measured LDL cholesterol fractionates into seven parts (LDL1 through 7) according to the size and the extent of charge. Using this system, we analyzed mean LDL particle size and the proportion of sdLDL (the percent of LDL3 through 7 over whole LDL). DN was defined as the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g after excluding other causes of proteinuria. RESULTS: The mean LDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol size, proportion of sdLDL and ACR did not differ significantly between males and females. The presence of DN was negatively correlated with mean LDL size (r=-0.33, p value=0.02) and positively correlated with the proportion of sdLDL (r=0.34, p value=0.01) in females but not in males. After adjusting for other confounding factors related to DN, mean LDL size and proportion of sdLDL remained independent risk factors for DN in females [for mean LDL size, Odds ratio (OR)=0.86, 95% Confidence interval (CI)=0.77-0.96, p=0.01; for proportion of sdLDL, OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.10-1.12, p=0.01], but not in males. CONCLUSION: sdLDL is closely related to DN in female type 2 diabetic patients. Further studies are necessary to clarify the association of sdLDL and DN with gender.
Cholesterol, LDL ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Female* ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Particle Size ; Proteinuria ; Risk Factors