The cause of essential hypertension is yet unknown, but in general is caused by interaction of hereditary factors, diet, obesity, lack of exercise and stress. The aging process influences various physiological mechanism related to regulation of blood pressure. So elderly hypertensives have a tendancy to consider the disease as a result of the physiological aging process. This attitude causes many complications, worsening of the disease and even early death because of inappropriate care. In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an education program that improves self-care behavior, through increasing self-efficacy. The education program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care strategies, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy resources such as verbal persuation, performance accomplishment and vicarious experiences. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Thirty-two elderly hypertensives participated in the study. Eighteen in the education group and fourteen in the control group. The education program consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows(Version 8.0). The results were as follows. 1. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2. There was no significant difference in the level of self-care behavior between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 3. There was significant difference in self-efficacy of experimental and control group, depending on the measuring period, but there was no difference between these groups on interaction by groups and over time. 4. There was positive correlation between self efficacy and self care behavior depending on the measuring period. There was negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the posttest of the program, and between systolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the follow-up test of the program. Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.
Aged* ; Aging ; Blood Pressure* ; Diet ; Education* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Self Care* ; Self Efficacy

We would like to correct the affiliation for the first author.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to explore the effect of senior simulation on nurses' attitudes toward the elderly. METHOD: Twenty-seven nurses working in various settings such as acute hospitals, community health centers, geriatric hospitals, and clinics were recruited. Among them, 25 subjects completed the whole experimental protocol. Aging Semantic Differential Scaling was utilized to evaluate attitudes toward the elderly and 'Suit for Experiencing Being Aged' from the Sakamoto Model was provided for the experiment. Before and after the experiment subjects filled out questionnaires. RESULT: Attitude score before experiment was 4.36, which indicates neutral attitude. Objective attitude scores were not different significantly after experiment. However subjective statements indicated attitude changes in a positive way. CONCLUSION: Senior simulation can affect nurses' attitude toward elderly in subjective way. That is, nurses became more empathetic and understanding to elderly's physical limitations and felt more initiative nursing approach were needed in caring elderly.
Adult ; *Aged ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Female ; Humans ; Nurse-Patient Relations ; Nurses/*psychology ; *Patient Simulation

No abstract available.
Spine*

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to describe the prevalence of low weight and to investigate related factors contributing to low weight in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: From the database of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-IV), the researchers selected 2,964 older adults aged over 65. The original study was a population-based epidemiological survey of health and nutrition with a stratified multistage clustered probability design. Data were analyzed using chi2-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The prevalence of low weight in older adults was 4.7%. The prevalence of low weight was different according to demographic characteristics. That is, the rate was higher in male elders, older ones, and rural residents. In the cases of current smoking, frequent alcohol consumption and no chronic disease, the prevalence of low weight was higher. Age, gender, area of residence, and current smoking were found to be contributing factors to low weight in community-dwelling older adults. CONCLUSION: The result of this study provides important insights into possible reasons for low weight in community-dwelling older adults and suggests that low weight should be considered in promoting older adults' health.
Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to describe the prevalence of low weight and to investigate related factors contributing to low weight in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: From the database of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-IV), the researchers selected 2,964 older adults aged over 65. The original study was a population-based epidemiological survey of health and nutrition with a stratified multistage clustered probability design. Data were analyzed using chi2-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The prevalence of low weight in older adults was 4.7%. The prevalence of low weight was different according to demographic characteristics. That is, the rate was higher in male elders, older ones, and rural residents. In the cases of current smoking, frequent alcohol consumption and no chronic disease, the prevalence of low weight was higher. Age, gender, area of residence, and current smoking were found to be contributing factors to low weight in community-dwelling older adults. CONCLUSION: The result of this study provides important insights into possible reasons for low weight in community-dwelling older adults and suggests that low weight should be considered in promoting older adults' health.
Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter coil embolization has been described as a method of nonsurgical closure of variable pathologic vascular structures. This study was aimed to evaluate the outcome of transcatheter coil embolization in variable clinical conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: We collected data from patients' medical record and their cardiac angiography films. From January 1995 to June 1997, coil embolization was attempted in 51 patients who were 38 patients with systemic-pulmonary collaterals (5 patients have venous collaterals, too), six patients with venous collaterals, nine patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), one patient with Blalok-Taussig shunt (BT shunt), one patient with coronary-right atrial fistula and one patient with coronary-right ventricular fistula. In 38 patients with systemic-pulmonary collaterals, 123 coils were inserted to 70 collaterals, therefore mean 1.79+/-0.77 coils were inserted to one collateral. The results were complete occlusions (74%), incomplete occlusions (21%), and partial occlusions (4%). In six patients with venous collaterals, the outcomes were complete occlusions (50%) and incomplete occlusions (50%). In a patient with BT shunt, hemolytic anemia occurred in 1st attempt and in 2nd attempt, shunt was incompletely occluded and one coil was carried away and embolized the peripheral pulmonary artery. In nine patients with PDA, ten cases of transcatheter coil embolization was executed. Mean minimum ductal diameter was 2.1+/-0.85 mm. The results were initial occlusion (30%), occlusion within one month (66%), and occlusion within one year (75%). Left pulmonary artery stenosis owing to coil insertion was not found. In one case of coil malposition, retrieval and reinsertion of coil was successful. In two patients who have coronary artery fistula, coil embolization was successfully executed without any complications. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter coil embolization executed in variable clinical conditions without significant complications. It was effective and safe nonsurgical method.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Angiography ; Child* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Vessels ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Fistula ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Pulmonary Artery

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter coil embolization has been described as a method of nonsurgical closure of variable pathologic vascular structures. This study was aimed to evaluate the outcome of transcatheter coil embolization in variable clinical conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: We collected data from patients' medical record and their cardiac angiography films. From January 1995 to June 1997, coil embolization was attempted in 51 patients who were 38 patients with systemic-pulmonary collaterals (5 patients have venous collaterals, too), six patients with venous collaterals, nine patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), one patient with Blalok-Taussig shunt (BT shunt), one patient with coronary-right atrial fistula and one patient with coronary-right ventricular fistula. In 38 patients with systemic-pulmonary collaterals, 123 coils were inserted to 70 collaterals, therefore mean 1.79+/-0.77 coils were inserted to one collateral. The results were complete occlusions (74%), incomplete occlusions (21%), and partial occlusions (4%). In six patients with venous collaterals, the outcomes were complete occlusions (50%) and incomplete occlusions (50%). In a patient with BT shunt, hemolytic anemia occurred in 1st attempt and in 2nd attempt, shunt was incompletely occluded and one coil was carried away and embolized the peripheral pulmonary artery. In nine patients with PDA, ten cases of transcatheter coil embolization was executed. Mean minimum ductal diameter was 2.1+/-0.85 mm. The results were initial occlusion (30%), occlusion within one month (66%), and occlusion within one year (75%). Left pulmonary artery stenosis owing to coil insertion was not found. In one case of coil malposition, retrieval and reinsertion of coil was successful. In two patients who have coronary artery fistula, coil embolization was successfully executed without any complications. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter coil embolization executed in variable clinical conditions without significant complications. It was effective and safe nonsurgical method.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Angiography ; Child* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Vessels ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Fistula ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Pulmonary Artery

PURPOSE: The prevalence of congenital heart anomalies is known to be higher in patients with clefts of the lip and/or palate(CL/P). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of congenital heart anomalies in patients with CL/P. METHODS: We investigated congenital heart anomalies in 756 patients presented with CL/P from January 1986 to December 1997 by reviewing their clinical records. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of congenital heart anomalies in patients with CL/P was 4.2% (32 of 756). Congenital heart anomalies in those were ventricular septal defect (15 of 32), atrial septal defect (4 of 32), tetralogy of Fallot (3 of 32), patent ductus arteriosus (2 of 32), double outlet right ventricle(2 of 32), pulmonary stenosis (1 of 32), transposition of the great arteries (1 of 32), pulmonary atresia (1 of 32), coarctation of aorta (1 of 32), anomalous systemic venous drainage (1 of 32), and aortic aneurysm with patent ductus arteriosus (1 of 32). It was significant that the prevalence rate of congenital heart anomalies in cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP+/-L) was 6.8% (30 of 442), because the prevalence rate of congenital heart anomalies in cleft lip alone was not higher than in normal population (0.6%; 2 of 314). Of the 30 patients with congenital heart anomalies, 12 patients (40 %) had conotruncal defects. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of congenital heart anomalies in patients with CP+/-L was much higher than normal population. Cardiac defects were predominantly conotruncal. Predominance of conotruncal defects among congenital heart anomalies in those was associated with abnormalities of neural crest cell proliferation and migration developing into conotruncus and palate.
Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Coarctation ; Arteries ; Cell Proliferation ; Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Drainage ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart* ; Humans ; Lip* ; Neural Crest ; Palate* ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Atresia ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Tetralogy of Fallot

PURPOSE: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is the disease entity of adrenergic dependent, potentially lethal tachyarrhythmia in a child with no structural heart disease, which manifest itself as a syncope or sudden death. The objective of this study is to present our experiences on this important, although rare, disease. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 5 patients with episodes of syncope related to exercise, who were referred to our hospital from January 1985 to December 1998. RESULTS: All patients were male and the mean age at the time of the first syncopal episode was 5.1+/-3.2 years (range 1.3 to 10 years). There were no structural cardiac abnormalities in clinical and laboratory evaluations. In all, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia showing the characteristic pattern of CPVT in which, as the heart became stimulated adrenergically, isolated ventricular premature beats appeared, increased with rate, became polymorphic, finally formed burst with bidirectional salvoes and disappeared in resting state was induced during exercise test and/or isoproterenol infusion test. During the mean follow up period of 3.75+/-3.1 years (range 1 month to 7.3 years), one died suddenly. In this case, low dose of beta-blocker was administered because of associated sinus bradycardia resulting in incomplete control of the syncopal episodes. The other 4 cases were alive and asymptomatic by means of adequate modification of beta-blocker dosage and method of administration. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes that CPVT is an important, although rare, cause of exercise related syncope in children and can be diagnosed by means of exercise test and/or isoproterenol infusion. beta-blockers were very effective in all cases, even though increasing amount of beta-blocker was frequently necessary to control ventricular arrhythmia in some cases.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Bradycardia ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Child* ; Death, Sudden ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Isoproterenol ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Syncope ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Ventricular*