BACKGROUND: Trisomy 16 in mice is considered to be an animal model for Down's syndrome in human. We studied the morphologic characteristics of the heart and the edema, and their significance to the teratogenesis in this animal model. METHODS: A total of 30 dams were sacrificed to bear 125 (61.9%) normal fetuses 35 (17.3%) abnormal fetuses and 42 (20.8%) resorptions. Cytogenetic study and morphological examination were performed using microdissection agar-mount sectioning histologic examination and scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: The crown-rump length was significantly shorter in abnormal (trisomic fetuses) than the normal (eusomic) fetuses. Trisomic fetuses showed massive edema at the back from the vertex to the lumbar area. Four-chamber view section of the agar-mount and histologic section showed a common atrioventricular valve bridging the left and the right atrioventricular junction. Scanning electron microscopic examination on atrioventricular valves showed three types of atrioventricular valves:five cases with common atrioventricular orifice, three cases with partitioned atrioventricular orifice and two cases with atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the presence of massive edema and cardiac anomalies in the mouse with trisomy 16. But there was morphologic diversity of cardiac anomaly in this model.
Animals ; Crown-Rump Length ; Cytogenetics ; Down Syndrome ; Edema* ; Endocardial Cushion Defects ; Fetus* ; Heart ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis ; Mice ; Microdissection ; Models, Animal ; Pathology* ; Teratogenesis ; Trisomy*

No abstract available.
Radionuclide Imaging*

No abstract available.
Krukenberg Tumor*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of PBL on ability of nursing students in Self-Directed Learning, Critical Thinking Disposition and Problem Solving Process. METHODS: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. For the experimental group PBL was used during one semester (14 weeks). Instruments for data collection were Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (Kim, 1997), Critical Thinking Disposition Scale (Kwon et al., 2006) and Problem Solving Process Scale (Lee, 1979). The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: There were statistically significant improvements in Self-Directed Learning and Critical Thinking between the two groups after PBL. But there was no statistically significant improvement in the Problem Solving Process. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PBL has a positive effect on nursing students' education. Therefore, PBL should be used for more subjects in the nursing curriculum.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Learning ; Problem Solving ; Problem-Based Learning ; Research Design ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking

Background: Post-liver transplantation diabetes mellitus (PLTDM) is common and occurs in approximately 5-7% of patients. There is a trend toward an increase in mortality with PLTDM. Therefore, it is important that nurses carefully monitor and treat for hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study is to examine nurses’ knowledge and attitude toward PLTDM, with a specific focus on nurses who care for liver transplant patients. Methods: Data were collected from 104 nurses working at a tertiary hospital in Seoul from March 15, 2019 to March 31, 2019. Knowledge and attitude toward PLTDM was measured using PLTDM knowledge and attitude tool. Results: The average age of the participants was 30.3 years, with 52.9% of the participants (n=55) having between 1 to 3 years of clinical experience. Knowledge and attitude toward PLTDM scored 16.28±3.60 out of 25 and 115.62±7.57 out of 155, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between PLTDM knowledge and attitude (r=0.21, P=0.027). Conclusions Study findings suggest a need for an educational program specialized in PLTDM specifically in regards to identifying risk factors as this demonstrated the lowest score in PLTDM knowledge. Further, when designing the educational program, a strategy is called for in order to encourage nurses to voluntarily participate in the program.

Pancreatic pseudocyst occurs as a complication of pancreatitis or trauma, which results in the escape of pancreatic enzymes from the parenchyma or ductal system of pancreas. At that time, serum amylase may have returned to normal level, and the patient may be subjectively asymptomatic. In this phase, the radiologic findings are relatively greater significance than laboratory data. In the conventional radiologic study, pancreatic pseudocyst have been frequently confused with other retroperitoneal mass, but recently with clinical application of ultrasound and CT scan, more accurate diagnosis can be obtained. The brief results are as follows; 1. Male to female ratio was 3:2 in 15 patients. Incidence was most common in young adult age. Most frequent symptom was epigastic pain, and which was noted in 11 cases of patients. 7 cases of patients had past history of abdominal trauma and past history of pancreatitis was only in 1 case. Most common laboratory finding was leukocytosis in 8cases of patients and elevated serum amylase was also noted in 7 cases. 2. In each 5 cases of patients, plain chest roentgenologic evidence of left side pleural effusion and hemidiaphragm elevation were observed. 3. On flat abdomen film, soft mass shadow was visualized in 8 cases of patients. On UGI series, evidence of retrogastric space widening was observed in 11 cases of patients. 4. The location of pseudocyst is mainly in body and tail of pancrease in 11 cases of patients. 5. More accruable diagnosis can be obtained through application of ultrasound and CT scan.
Abdomen ; Amylases ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst ; Pancreatitis ; Pancrelipase ; Pleural Effusion ; Tail ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; United Nations ; Young Adult

From March 1985 to Sep.1985, Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization was perfromed in 17 primary heptomaand 8 metstasis of liver in Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Metastatic cancers ofliver were one nasopharyngeal cancer, one small bowel leiomyosarcoma, one gall bladder cancer and 5 colon cancers.The used embolization materials were the followings: Gelfoam particles for one primary hepatoma, 95% absoluteethanol for 4 patients, Ivalon(250-590micro m) for 19 patients and autologous blood clots for one metastasis, Theresults were summarized as the follows: 1. The devascularization of tumor vessels in post-emblization hepaticangiogram was complete in 6 primary hepatom and one metastasis and partial in 11 primary hepatoma and 7metastasis. 2. In the follow-up CT evaluation 3 to 4 weeks after embolization, well necrotic density was revealedin 8 primary hepatoma and one metastasis. 3. The complications were fever with higher than 38 degrees C(92%),abdominal pain (72%) and nausia or vomiting(40%). They were subsided wtihin one to 7 days after embolization. 4.In liver function study, sGOT and sGPT were elevated in 80% of total cases and returned to normal within 15 to 30days. LDH was variable. In 4 cases of absolute ethanol infusion, above liver enzymes were markedly elvated as 10times or more as normal range.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Colon ; Ethanol ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Liver Neoplasms ; Liver ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Reference Values

PURPOSE:Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a major cause of respiratory infections in school-aged children. Complications of M. pneumoniae pneumonia include atelectasis, pleural effusion, empyema, pneumothorax and bronchiectasis. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of M. pneumoniae pneumonia with pleural effusion. METHODS:A total of 210 medical records of children who were admitted to the Dong-A University hospital due to M. pneumoniae pneumonia from 2000 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia was based on the single titer of antimycoplasmal antibody higher than 1:320. Enrolled children were divided into Group A (with pleural effusion) and Group B (without effusion). We analysed the differences between the two groups according to sex, age, onset, symptoms, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and chest x-rays. RESULTS:There were no significant differences in age, sex and clinical manifestations between the two groups. Group A had longer fever durations (9.3+/-7.8 days vs 5.0+/-3.7 days), and a longer duration of hospitalization (10.4+/-6.3 days vs 6.9+/-6.3 days) compare to Group B. Also, compared to the Group B, Group A had higher ESR (49.6+/-32.9 mm/hr vs 28.7+/-20.4 mm/hr), CRP (23.0+/-60.4 mg/dL vs 8.7+/-30.9 mg/dL), SGOT (67+/-74.2 IU/L vs 53.6+/-60.0 IU/L), SGPT (37.4+/-18.6 IU/L vs 26.2+/-16.9 IU/L). There was no significance between antimycoplasmal antibody titer and pleural effusion. CONCLUSION:This study shows that M. pneumoniae pneumonia with pleural effusion has a longer duration of fever and hospitalization, higher ESR, CRP, SGOT, SGPT compare to the M. pneumoniae pneumonia without pleural effusion. We conclude that these findings could be used as the prognostic factors in M. pneumoniae pneumonia with pleural effusion.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bronchiectasis ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Empyema ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pleural Effusion* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Pneumothorax ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of canal filling on the bacteria left in the dentinal tubules and to compare the sealing ability between Gutta-percha and Resilon. The bovine dentin block models were prepared. E. faecalis was inoculated to dentin blocks and incubated. The dentin blocks were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was the negative control. Group 2 was the positive control. Group 3 was filled with ZOE based sealer and Gutta-percha, Group 4 with resin based sealer and Gutta-percha, and Group 5 with resin based sealer and Resilon. After 24 hour, the blocks were incubated at 37degrees C for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks on BHI agar plates. The internal dentin portion of the blocks was removed using ISO 027, 029, 031, 035 round burs and the dentin chips were incubated at 37degrees C for 24 hour. Following incubation, the optical density of the medium was measured. The data were statistically analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The results were as follows, 1. There was statistically significant reduction in the number of E. faecalis of the group where dentinal tubules were completely sealed with nail varnish in comparison with the groups obturated with gutta-percha or resilon (p < 0.05). 2. In group 5, the number of E. faecalis in the dentinal tubules decreased significantly with time (p < 0.05), whereas in Group 3 and 4, there was no reduction in its number (p > 0.05). 3. Under the conditions of this experiment, E. faecalis survived up to 4 weeks after obturation with gutta-percha or resilon (p > 0.05).
Agar ; Bacteria ; Dentin* ; Enterococcus faecalis* ; Enterococcus* ; Gutta-Percha* ; Paint

Interleukin-6(IL-6) stimulate osteoclast differentiation. 17beta-estradiol, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25-(OH)2D3) and interleukin-1beta inhibit or stimulate osteoclast differentiation by decreasing or increasing the synthesis of interleukin-6(IL-6) from stromal/osteoblastic cells, respectively. Periodontal ligament(PDL) cells reside between the alveolar bone and the cementum and have osteoblastic characteristics. To estimate the effect of 17beta-estradiol and 1,25(OH)2D3 on IL-6 production of PDL cells, PDL cells were treated with 17beta-estradiol or 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the absence or the presence of IL-1beta. The concentration of IL-6 produced form PDL cells was determined by enzym linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). In unstimulated PDL cells, we detected constitutive production of IL-6 at 1st and 2nd day. IL-1beta increased IL-6 synthesis at 1st day and 2nd day. 17beta-estradiol had no significant effect on the secretion of this cytokine, either constitutively or after stimulation with IL-1beta(0.05 ng/ml). 1,25-(OH)2D3(10(-8)M) decreased not only constitutive IL-6 production but also IL-1beta-induced IL-6 production at 2nd day. These results suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may control IL-1beta-induced osteoclast differentiation by decreasing IL-1beta-induced IL-6 secretion of PDL cells.
Calcitriol* ; Dental Cementum ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-6* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Periodontal Ligament*