No abstract available.
Child* ; Fever* ; Humans ; Parents*

This study was conducted to find out an appropriate means for preventing the juvenile delinquency (JD), which is supposed to be greatly realted to family environment. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey with a means of writing by themself, to 257 middle and high school students and 309 juvenile delinquents who were in confinement. The questionnaire was consisted of 27 items of juvenile delinquencies, 15 questions about personal environment in their period of childhood, 36 questions on their home atmosphere, 25 items with regard to their parental behavior to their children in the rearing of them. The extent of delinquency was calculated by summing the numbers of experienced delinquencies of the listed items. The study subjects were divided into two groups; student group (SG) and juvenile delinquent group (JDG) and the collected data were analyzed with the extent of delinquency in each group by SPSS/PC+statistical package. The extent of JD was increased as the study subjects grew older, defective families were more common, total family income was more poor, parents' educational level was lower, personal expenses were higher and the conflicts between parents were more high in JDG as compared with of SG. The differences were statistically significant. As long as the extent of delinquency is concerned, delimquent points of JDG were significantly higher as compared with that of SG in all items except one item, below the primary school item in fathers' educational level. (In order to prevent JD in our country, it is recommended that educational level and the living standared of the lower class people should be raised, the sound families which do have less conflictsshould be established as much as possible, the present educational system which is making much conflicts between parents and their offsprings should be changed so that their given temperament would be brought up to the highest level, defective families should be reduced as much as possible and adults should not do actions that are considered not to be done by youngsters and must set a good example.)
Adult ; Atmosphere ; Child ; Humans ; Juvenile Delinquency* ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Temperament ; Writing

PURPOSE: Recently, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become one of the major nosocomial pathogens in Korea. However, there have been few studies on the epidemiology of VRE colonization among neonates. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of VRE colonization, risk factors for VRE, and how to control the spread of VRE infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Pusan National University Hospital (PNUH). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 192 neonates who were admitted to the NICU of PNUH from March 2006 to March 2007. Surveillance cultures from rectal swabs for detecting VRE were obtained weekly during the study period. We analyzed the prevalence of VRE and various risk factors. RESULTS: The rate of VRE colonization among NICU patients was 25% (48/192). Thirty five of these VRE colonized patients were transferred to the NICU from other local hospitals. Compared with the non-VRE group, the risk factors associated with VRE colonization were lower birth weight, congenital heart disease, applied mechanical ventilation, use of a central venous catheter, chest tubing, a history of surgery, and use of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: VRE colonization among patients admitted to the NICU is rapidly increasing. Monitoring and managing premature neonates from the beginning of the birth process, avoiding many invasive procedures, avoiding antibiotics such as vancomycin and third generation cephalosporin are important for preventing the emergence and spread of VRE colonization in the NICU.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Birth Weight ; Central Venous Catheters ; Colon ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Parturition ; Prevalence ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thorax ; Vancomycin ; Vancomycin Resistance

Myocardial infarction is almost regularly associated with severe and widespread obstructive coronary artery disease. Recently, there have been some reports of myocardial infarction with normal of near normal coronary arteries on cineangiography. The following report concerns 6 cases (4% of a series of 142 consecutively studied patients with myocardial infarction) of myocardial infarction proved on clinical grounds with normal or near normal coronary arteries at coronary angiography obtained several months later. The clinical data was shown in Table 1 and Table 2. All 6 patients were male. Three were in the fifth, two in the sixth, and one in the seventh decade. Multiple risk factors were present in only one patient. Areas of localized dyskinesia or hypokinesia were demonstrated in five on the left ventricular cineangiography. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was greater than 12 mmHg in all 6 patients. One patient had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the remaining 5 patients had no underlying heart diseases. One patient had moderate congestive heart tailure. It is possible that prolonged, localized coronary artery spasm or platelet thrombi that subsequently resolved are a part of the pathogenic mechanism.
Blood Platelets ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Cineangiography ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dyskinesias ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Risk Factors ; Spasm

This study was designed to compare the educational needs and satisfactory about infant care of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center for development of the educational program. The subjects for this study were 100 mothers in the Post-partum Care Center in Seoul and Buchon. The data were collected during the period from Feb. to March, 2000. The Educational Need and satisfactory for Infant Care was measured by questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test using SPSS PC+ WIN.The results were as fellow; 1) The educational needs of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center were high (mean=4.32). 2)The satisfactory of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center of educational program of infant care were middle range (mean=3.60). 3) The educational needs of infant cares in the Post-partum Care Center were higher than satisfactory of the mothers in the Post- partum Care Center of educational program of infant care(t=7.71 p=.000). 4) The educational need by content was signs, symptoms and management of disorders(i.g. cyanosis, seizure, fever, etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i.g. feeding, diaper change etc.). In conclusion, when the infant caregiver in the Post-partum Care Center teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of educational need of mother. And its educational contents must be included of mental and emotional development and signs, symptoms and management of disorders.
Caregivers ; Cyanosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care* ; Infant* ; Mothers* ; Seizures, Febrile ; Seoul ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was designed to compare the educational needs and satisfactory about infant care of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center for development of the educational program. The subjects for this study were 100 mothers in the Post-partum Care Center in Seoul and Buchon. The data were collected during the period from Feb. to March, 2000. The Educational Need and satisfactory for Infant Care was measured by questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test using SPSS PC+ WIN.The results were as fellow; 1) The educational needs of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center were high (mean=4.32). 2)The satisfactory of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center of educational program of infant care were middle range (mean=3.60). 3) The educational needs of infant cares in the Post-partum Care Center were higher than satisfactory of the mothers in the Post- partum Care Center of educational program of infant care(t=7.71 p=.000). 4) The educational need by content was signs, symptoms and management of disorders(i.g. cyanosis, seizure, fever, etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i.g. feeding, diaper change etc.). In conclusion, when the infant caregiver in the Post-partum Care Center teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of educational need of mother. And its educational contents must be included of mental and emotional development and signs, symptoms and management of disorders.
Caregivers ; Cyanosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care* ; Infant* ; Mothers* ; Seizures, Febrile ; Seoul ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Coronary arterivenous fistula(CAVF) is an uncommon congenital coronary anomaly-Bilateral CAVFs that originate from both coronary arteries are very rare. Coronary arteriography performed in recent years has clarified the incidence and various features of this lesion. Baim et al.1) reported that only 5% of the coronary artery fistulas arose from bilateral coronary arteries. In this report, we present a case of bilateral coronary artery pulmonary artery fistulas associated with atypical chest pain.
Angiography ; Arteries* ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Vessels ; Fistula* ; Incidence ; Pulmonary Artery

Congenital duodenal obstruction is a one of the emergent surgical conditions in neonates. Almost of them were diagnosed with double-bubble sign in prenatal ultrasonography. However, partial obstruction caused from duodenal web could be overlooked. We reported a duodenal web in early childhood. A three-year-old girl visited at our pediatric clinic for constipation. She had been showed non-bilious vomiting after weaning meal since 6 months old of her age, but her weight was relevant for 50-75 percentile of growth curve. Barium enema was initially checked, but any abnormal finding was not found. We noticed the severely distended stomach and 1st portion of duodenum. Upper gastrointestinal series revealed partial obstruction in 2nd portion of duodenum. After laparotomy, we found the transitional zone of duodenum and identified a duodenal web via duodenotomy. We performed duodeno-duodenostomy without any injury of ampulla of Vater. She was recovered uneventfully. During 6 months after operation, she does well without any gastrointestinal symptoms or signs, such as vomiting or constipation.
Ampulla of Vater ; Barium ; Child ; Constipation ; Duodenal Obstruction* ; Duodenum ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Laparotomy ; Meals ; Stomach ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Vomiting ; Weaning

Palpable inguinal mass in children should be differentiated from inguinal hernia, hydrocele, lymph node, and tumor. Though using ultrasonography, fatty tumor would be misdiagnosed as incarcerated inguinal hernia containing fatty component. We experienced the huge inguinal lipoblastoma in 5-year-old girl mimicking recurrent incarcerated hernia. Laparoscopic exploration revealed it was not incarcerated hernia but well demarcated bulging mass from abdominal wall. Mass was about 10x4x3 cm and extended from internal inguinal ring to saphenous opening. It was near total excised because of right external iliac vein injury. Pathologically, it was proven as lipoblastoma containing mature adipocyte with lipoblast and fibrous septa. Postoperatively, we noticed a segmental thrombotic occlusion of external iliac vein. After 1 year, she has no symptom related to occluded vessel. The remained lipoblastoma showed no interval change. Even lipoblastoma has a good prognosis with low recurrence rate, we need careful follow-up.
Abdominal Wall ; Adipocytes ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Iliac Vein ; Inguinal Canal ; Lipoblastoma* ; Lipoma ; Lymph Nodes ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography

Inability to synthetize adequate amounts of IL-2 has been suggested to be the basis of defective T-cell function following anesthesia with the operation. The present study was designed to examine the effect of anesthesia and operation on host defence mechenism. serum soluble IL-2R(sIL-2R) levels and hemo-dynamic parameters were measured in 30 patients. Patients were divided into two groups (G: general anesthesia with isoflurane, E:epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine) according to the method of anesthesia. Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia(T1), 10 mins after induction of anesthesia(T2), 10 mins after injection of bupivacaine in epidural anesthesia(T2), 1 hour after skin incision(T3), 30 mins after completion of operation(T4), and 24 hours after completion of operation(T5). Simultaneously arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Six mililiter of perip-heral blood was obtained for sIL-2R studies in plain tubes. Serum concentration of sIL-2R was measured by human IL-2 receptor ELISA kit(Boehringer Mannheim Biochemica, Mannheim, Germany). Any significant change in IL-2R level was not seen in patients under general anesthesia with isoflurane and operation. Also any significant change in IL-2R level was not seen in patients who had an epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine and operation. The results suggest that suppression of T-lymphocyte function and decrease in lymphocyte counts induced by anesthesia and operation is not due to alteration of intracellular metabolism, but due to extracellular immune depressor. And general anesthesia operation with isoflurane as well as epidural anesthesia with bupivgcaine is safe and can be selected for immunosuppressive patients.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arterial Pressure ; Bupivacaine* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Interleukin-2* ; Isoflurane* ; Lymphocyte Count ; Metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes