PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors which influence freshmen nursing students' problem solving abilities. METHOD: The data were collected from 119 students by means of self-reported questionnaires measuring problem solving abilities, critical thinking disposition, and self-directed learning, on March 7th and 11th, 2010. RESULT: For problem solving ability categories, the level of problem discovery was the highest followed by solution plan, problem definition, solution evaluation and solution implementation. The influencing factors on problem solving abilities of nursing students were critical thinking disposition, self-directed learning and gender. CONCLUSION: Using the results of this study as a foundation, nursing education curriculum should be comprised of critical thinking skills and self-directed skills for the improvement of nursing students' problem solving abilities. It is also recommended that further studies be conducted in order to investigate comprehensive curriculum designs that allow for maximum accumulation of these proficiencies.
Curriculum ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Learning ; Problem Solving ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking

No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic*

BACKGROUND: Oxygen-glucose depdvation (OGD) in cultured neurons simulates stroke to a certain degree and plays an important role in studying processing and pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic neuronal injury.OBJECTIVE: To produce experimental OGD models in cultured neurons.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A grouping controlled study was performed at the Center Laboratory of Third Hospital, Peking University from January 2007 to March 2008.MATERIALS: Fetal Wistar rats with gestational age of 17-19 days were collected in this study.METHODS: Primary cultures of cortical neurons that were derived from fetal Wistar rats with gestational age of 17-19 days were performed to remove pollutional non-neuronal cells. OGD was produced by incubation with non-glucose balanced salt solution and 2% Oxyrasa in 7-day cultured cortical neuron cultures. Cell cultures were kept in a humidified 37 ℃ incubator. In the control group, cell culture medium was replaced with balanced salt solution containing 20 mmol/L glucose. In the sham operation group,balanced salt solution containing 20 mmol/L glucose and Oxyrasawere used to replace the medium.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Oxygen concentration in the culture medium was measured with blood gas analysis; neuronal death in the experimental group was observed under phase contrast microscope; lactate dehydrogenase activity was detected with lactate dehydrogenasa assay; effect of oxygen-glucose deprivation on neuronal viability was observed with trypan blue staining.RESULTS: Measurement of oxygen concentration showed that hypoxia could be quickly achieved shortly after the addition of Oxyrase; lactate dehydrogenase assay revealed that after treatments of neuron cultures with Oxyrase and non-glucose balanced salt solution, lactate dehydrogenase release increased significantly with the treatment time; trypan blue staining and phase contrast microscope showed that cell viability decreased after treatments of Oxyrase and non-glucose balanced salt solution, and most neurons died 6 hours after OGD.CONCLUSION: These results show that Oxyrase, together with non-glucose balanced salt solution, can be conveniently used to produce OGD condition in cultured neuronal cells which is greatly useful in the study of simulating cerebral ischemia in vitro.

No abstract available.
Humans ; Interleukin-2* ; Leukemia*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; Iron*

No abstract available.
Blood Viscosity* ; Paraproteinemias* ; Plasma Cells* ; Plasma*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hemolytic*

No abstract available.
Leukemia*

Objective: To investigate the predictors of remission by 4 treatment steps in depressive outpatients receiving 12-week psychopharmacotherapy. Methods: Patients were consecutively recruited at a university hospital in South Korea from March 2012 to April 2017. At baseline, 1,262 patients were evaluated for sociodemographic and clinical data including assessments scales, and were received antidepressant monotherapy. For patients with an insufficient response or uncomfortable side effects, next treatment steps (1, 2, 3, and 4) with alternative strategies (switching, augmentation, combination, and mixtures of these approaches) were administered considering measurements and patient preference at every 3 weeks in the acute treatment phase (3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks). Remission was defined as a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of ≤7. Results: In the multi-variate logistic regression analyses, remission was predicted by higher functional levels in patients received Step 1 and 2 treatment; by lower life stressors in Step 1; by higher social support in Step 3 and 4; and by lower suicidality in Step 1–3. Conclusion Differential associations were found between symptoms or functions and treatment steps, which suggested that multi-faceted evaluations at baseline could predict remission by treatment steps.