BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subjects with nasal septal deviation (NSD) are commonly confronted with mucosal hypertrophy of the concave side of nasal cavity. Previous studies have characterized response to exercise in healthy subjects and in subjects with rhinitis, but such studies are not yet done in subjects with NSD. In this research, by using acoustic rhinometry, we aimed to investigate the nasal response to exercise in subjects with nasal septal deviation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acoustic rhinometric measurements of the cross sectional areas (CSA) at 3.3, 4.0, and 6.4 cm from the nostril, and nasal volume were taken in 10 subjects with NSD. The consecutive acoustic rhinometric measurements were undertaken just before and immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 minutes after treadmill exercise. RESULTS: In nasal cavities showing compensatory hypertrophy, nasal volume and CSA at 3.3 cm and 6.4 cm from the nostril showed significant increase in immediate post- exercises and 10-minute post-exercise measurements when compared with baseline measurements. At 4.0 cm from the nostril, the increase in CSA was significant until the 20-minute post-exercise measurement in the hypertrophied side. However, in contralateral nasal cavities, exercise did not result in significant changes when compared with the base line measurement, except for the immediate post-exercise measurement at the point of 4 cm from the nostril. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the mucosal response to exercise was pronounced in concave nasal cavities in subjects with NSD. By contrast, in the convex nasal cavities, the mucosal response was very weak in terms of nasal patency.
Acoustics ; Exercise ; Hypertrophy ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Septum ; Rhinitis ; Rhinometry, Acoustic

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Fingers*

Objective: The endothelial inflammatory response plays an important role in atherogenesis by inducing nuclear factor (NF)κB-dependent cell adhesion molecule expression and monocyte recruitment. Here, we screened for natural ligands and investigated the ability of shinjulactone A to inhibit interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced endothelial inflammatory signaling. Methods: The natural compound library included 880 single compounds isolated from medicinal plants by the Korean Medicinal Material Bank. Primary endothelial cells were pretreated with single compounds before stimulation with IL-1β to induce endothelial inflammation. Endothelial inflammation was measured by assaying NFκB activation and monocyte adhesion. The endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) was evaluated using cell type-specific marker protein expression and morphology. Results: Shinjulactone A was identified as an efficient blocker of IL-1β -induced NFκB activation, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of approximately 1 µM, and monocyte recruitment in endothelial cells. However, it did not affect lipopolysaccharideinduced NFκB activation in macrophages. Compared to Bay 11-782, a well-known NFκB inhibitor that shows considerable cytotoxicity during long-term treatment, shinjulactone A did not affect endothelial cell viability. Furthermore, it also significantly inhibited the EndMT, which is known to promote atherosclerosis and plaque instability. Conclusion We suggest that shinjulactone A may be an effective and safe drug candidate for atherosclerosis because it targets and inhibits both endothelial inflammation and the EndMT, without impairing NFκB-dependent innate immunity in macrophages.

Nasal lymphoma is an uncommon neoplasm in the sinonasal tract. The NK/T-cell type of lymphoma is more commonly found in Asian populations. However, B-cell lymphoma is more common in the western countries whereas it is rare in Asia. Recently, we experienced two cases of sinonasal B-cell lymphoma, which are rare cases in Korea, one in an advanced stage and one in an early stage. Both patients had no specific nasal symptoms or systemic B symptoms (fever, night sweat, weight loss). As our cases demonstrate, diagnosis of B cell lymphoma is often delayed in many cases because B-cell lymphoma does not show any specific symptoms. Thus, careful physical examination and biopsy under suspicion of malignancy are important for early diagnosis of nasal lymphoma.
Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Physical Examination ; Sweat

PURPOSE: We measured pulmonary epithelial permeability by Tc-DTPA radioaerosol clearance in patients with diabetes and correlated with the presence of microangiopathy to understand the pathophysiology of pulmonary microangiopathy and evaluate Tc-DTPA radioaerosol clearance as a diagnostic test to assess pulmonary microangiopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed ' Tc-DTPA radioaerosol scan in 10 normal subjects, 10 asym-ptomatic smokers, 20 diabetic patients without history of smoking (10 with microangiopathy, 10 without microangiopathy). Tc-DTPA clearance half-time (T1/2) was calculated, then compared with the result of chest radiography and pulmonary function test. RESULTS: Chest radiography and pulmonary function test were normal in all subjects. There were no significant difference of clinical or laboratory characteristics between these groups except age. The diabetic patients with micraangiopathy were significantly older (p<0.05). The T1/2of normal subjects and asyrnptomatic smokers were significantly different (65.2+23.7min vs 39.6+9.8min, p<0.05). For diabetic patients with microangiopathy, the T, was 90 5+46.5min and significantly delayed when compared with those of normals and asymptomatic smokers (p<0.05). However, the T1/2of diabetic patients without microangiopathy, 70.0+12.7 min, was not significantly different from those of normals or asyrnptomatic smokers (p>0.05). No significant correlation was found between the T1/2and spirometric parameters including DLcc>, FVC, FEV>, FEV(/FVC (%) and FEF)5-75g in all subjects, and between the T1/2 and duration of diabetes in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: Eventhough the influence of age cant be excluded, delayed Tc-DTPA clearance half-time (T1/2)in diabetic patients with microangiopathy indicates decreased pulmonary cspillary permeability as one of the pathophysiologic results of pulmonary microangiopaththy. Further studies are needed in larger number of age matched control and diabetic patients to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Permeability ; Radiography ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate ; Thorax

PURPOSE: The choice of open versus closed reduction for mandibular subcondylar fracture is a debatable issue. To evaluate the advantage of open approach to closed method with IMF(intermaxillary fixation), we conducted a retrospective study to compare the outcomes of each method. METHODS: From 2002 to 2006, 29 patients with mandibular subcondylar fractures were treated by open or closed reduction. 17 patients were treated by open reduction and 12 patients by closed reduction and IMF. Each group was assessed for duration of mandibular immobilization, incidences of buccal palsy, malocclusion, TMJ(temporomandibular joint) pain, and deviation of the mandible on mouth opening. RESULTS: All cases showed accurate reduction in anatomical position, no significant displacement and no deviation on mouth opening during the follow-up period. IMF period is statistically shorter in open reduction (p<0.05). Differences in incidence of other complications were not significant statistically. CONCLUSION: As there are significant independent morbidities associated with IMF which requires postoperative rehabilitation, prolonged temporomandibular immobilization should not be overlooked. Some patients with poor compliances will not tolerate IMF in nonsurgical treatment. In the aspect of patient's convenience and early recovery by short IMF period, open reduction would be recommended as a better treatment method.
Displacement (Psychology) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Mouth ; Nitro Compounds ; Paralysis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to look at prevalences of abnormal serum aminotransferase levels and abnormal serum total cholesterol levels among adolescents with obesity in Seoul area. METHODS: Body mass index[BMI(kg/m2)], serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and total cholesterol levels were measured in 26,876 adolescents(male : 13,287, female : 13,589) of first grade of high school in Seoul between the ages of 15 and 16 years, enrolled in a large health examination survey by Seoul School Health Center(SSHC) in 2001. Obesity was defined as BMI more than 95th percentile for age and sex and normal weight was defined as BMI between 25th percentile and 75th percentile for age and sex. Abnormal levels of AST, ALT and total cholesterol were defined as more than 95th percentile for age and sex. RESULTS: The BMI at 95th percentile was 28.7 in males and 26.9 in females. The prevalence of abnormal AST levels was higher in obesity group than in normal weight group. In males, those were 23.7% and 3.7%, respectively(P<0.01, x2-value : 529.2). In females, those were 11.8% and 4.9 %, respectively(P<0.01, x2-value : 56.3). The prevalence of abnormal ALT levels was significantly higher in the obesity group compared with the normal weight group. In males, those were 33.9% and 1.7%, respectively(P<0.01, chi2-value : 1,693.4). In females, those were 22.3% and 3.9%, repectively(P<0.01, x2-value : 397.6). The prevalence of abnormal total cholesterol levels was higher in the obesity group than in the normal weight group. In males, those were 16.8% and 3.5%, respectively(P<0.01, x2-value : 268.3). In females, those were 9.0% and 5.4%, respectively(P<0.01, x2- value : 14.2). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the prevalences of abnormal AST, ALT and total cholesterol level were higher in the obese group than in the normal weight group.
Adolescent* ; Alanine ; Aspartic Acid ; Cholesterol* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity* ; Prevalence ; School Health Services ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify status and characteristics of patients who have been readmitted to ICU, and to analyze risk factors associated with the readmission to ICU within 48hours.METHODS: Data were collected from patient's electronic medical reports from one hospital in B city. Participants were 2,937 patients aged 18 years old or older admitted to the ICU. Data were analyzed using odd ratios (ORs) from multivariate logistic regressions.RESULTS: 2.2% of the 2,937 patients were early readmitted to ICU. Risk factors for early readmission to ICU were existence of respiratory disease, use of mechanical ventilator, and duration of hospitalization (longer).CONCLUSION: The assessment on the respiratory system of the patient who will be discharged from the ICU was identified as an important nursing activity. Therefore, the respiratory system management and education should be actively conducted. In addition, early ICU readmission may be prevented and decreased if a link was built to share the information on patient condition between the ICU and general wards.
Critical Care ; Education ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Logistic Models ; Nursing ; Patient Readmission ; Patients' Rooms ; Respiratory System ; Risk Factors ; Ventilators, Mechanical

No abstract available.

Purpose: Attending physicians in Korea are aware of the existence of the Nutrition Support Team (NST), but even when the NST are consulted, compliance with their recommendations may be low. This study was performed to identify physicians’ compliance with the NST advice and how this affected the outcome of treatment for critically ill patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study. Critically ill patients who were older than 18 years, younger than 90 years, and had been admitted and managed in the intensive care unit were selected for this study. Patients were assigned to either the compliance group or the non-compliance group according to physician compliance with the NST advice. Each group were compared using variables such as calorie supply, protein supply, laboratory findings, hospital stay, 30-day mortality, and survival rate. Results: The compliance group (81% of cases) was supplied with a significantly higher energy (1,146.36 ± 473.45 kcal vs. 832.45 ± 364.28 kcal, p < 0.01) and a significantly higher protein (55.00 ± 22.30 g/day vs. 42.98 ± 24.46 g/day, p = 0.04) compared with the non-compliance group. There was no significant difference in the basic demographics between groups, although the compliance group had a better outcome in the 30-day mortality rate (8% vs. 26%, p = 0.02), and in survival beyond 1 year (Crude model, hazard ratio: 2.42, CI: 1.11-5.29). Conclusion Critically ill patients whose attending physician complied with the NST advice, received an increased energy intake and supply of protein which was positively associated with survival.