PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of quality of life for elders in Korea. METHODS: The participants were 348 older persons selected by convenience sampling in Y city. Data were collected from September 22 to October 23, 2008 when 348 elders completed a questionnaire which included the Leisure Attitude Scale by Raghep and Beard (1982), Leisure Competence Questionnaire by Witt and Ellis (1987) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire by Mckenna (2001). Cronbach alphas scores for Korean translation of the questionnaires were .85, .90 and .79 respectively. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 14.0 statistics program. RESULTS: The scores for quality of life showed significant positive correlations with the scores for leisure attitude (r=.603, p<.001) and leisure competence (r=.703, p<.001). Leisure competence, leisure attitude, and education were significant predictors and accounted for 54.4% of the variance in quality of life in the elders. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that high leisure competence and positive leisure attitude with learning opportunities will be helpful to promote a better quality of life for elders.
Aged ; Humans ; Korea ; Learning ; Leisure Activities ; Mental Competency ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to observe the additive effect of halothane anesthesia and propranolol, and also the effect of atropine and isoproterenol on the heart rate and the blood pressure after propranolol during halothane anesthesia in human-volunteers. The results were as follows: 1) In conscious patients, 10 minutes after intravenous administration of 1.0mg propranolol the heart rate was slower but there was no significant change in the blood pressure. 2) Twenty-thirty minutes after halothane anesthesia, the heart rate was slower by 6 to 8 beats per minute: systolic and diastolic blood pressure was lower by 20.4 torr and 10.5 torr, respectively. 3) 10 minutes after intravenous administration of 1.0mg propranolol during halothane anesthesia, the heart rate was decreased by 7.8, 7.0 per minute: systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 6.7, 5.7 torr and 3.0, 3.9 torr in the atropine and isoproterenol group, respectively. 4) One minute after intravenous administration of atropine 0.5mg after propranolol 1.0mg during halothane anesthesia, the heart rate increased by 12.1 per minute and persisted so far 10 minutes, but the blood pressure did not increase. 5) One minute after intravenous administration of isoproterenol 0.025mg after propranolol 1.0mg during halothane anesthesia, the heart rate had markedly increased by 35, but normalized 10 minutes later. The systolic blood pressure was increased by 13.4 torr but normalized 10 minutes later. 6) The above results indicate: Atropine increases the heart rate which has been slowed with propranolol during halothane anesthesia: isoproterenol increases the heart rate and blood pressure but the duration of action was short. Therefore, authors considered that atropine is useful for the maintenance of heart rate, and continuous administration of isoproterenol for maintenance of blood pressure and heart rate after propranolol during halothane anesthesia.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Atropine* ; Blood Pressure* ; Halothane* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Isoproterenol* ; Propranolol*

The authors introduced flip back spin echo (FBSE) technique for MR imaging of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) instead of conventional spin echo (SE) technique, and evaluated whether FBSE technique in MRI of TMJ is adequate for the diagnosis of the disorders or not. FBSE T1 parasagittal images in closed mouth state and sequential opening and closing mouth states using patient's own finger(s) were obtained and then FBSE T1 paracoronal image in closed mouth state and STAGE(short tip angle gradient echo) parasagittal T2WI were followed. All 30 images of the symptomatic TMJs using FBSE technique were excellent in the visualization of articular and their displacement, and we could easily diagnose the internal derangement. FBSE technique was adequate for the diagnosis of internal derangement of the TMJ, and the modified cine display from images using FBSE technique was advantageous in the diagnosis of the disorders by visualization of the dynamic motion of the TMJ.
Diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mouth ; Temporomandibular Joint*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to find some points that may help the differential diagnosis of ring lesions in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver through recognition of the characteristics of the morphology and the signal intensities of the ring lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T1- and T2-weighted axial spin-echo images and gadolinium-enhanced Tl-weighted images were obtained with a 1.0 T superconducting MR imager. We reviewed the MR findings of 23 hepatic ring lesions which were confirmed as hepatocellular carcinomas (13), metastases (4), liver abscesses (4), hydatid cyst (1), and hematoma (1). RESULTS: There were 19 single rings and 4 double rings (all the cases were liver abscesses) on Tl-weighted images, and 8 single rings and 14 double rings on T2-weighted images. The signal intensity of the ring was low in hepatocellular carcinoma on Tl-weighted images and in hydatid cyst on T2-weighted images. It was high on Tl-weighted images in subacute hemaroma. Target lesion as an inner high-signal-intensity ring surrounded by a high-signal-intensity ring on T2-weighted images was seen in metatasis, liver abscess, and hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSION: It is helpful to recognize the chracteristics of morphology and signal intensities of the ring lesions in the differential diagnosis of hepatic focal lesions.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echinococcosis ; Hematoma ; Liver Abscess ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Metastasis

PURPOSE: This descriptive research study aims to investigate influential factors on human papillomavirus vaccines, among parents who have elementary school daughters. METHODS: This study was conducted with 210 parents whose children are elementary school girls, aged 9 to 12 years, in G Metropolitan City. Data were collected from August 17 to September 12, 2015 using structured questionnaires. A descriptive statistical analysis, a t-test, a χ2-test, a Fisher's exact test, and a logistic regression using SPSS/WIN 21.0. RESULTS: The influential factors on the human papillomavirus vaccination intention were confirmed to be three variables: cervical cancer knowledge, perceived sensitivity, and perceived barriers. CONCLUSION: An intervention program, both to increase the sensitivity of vaccination and to decrease barriers, should be developed so as to improve parents' health beliefs towards human papillomavirus vaccination.
Child ; Female* ; Humans* ; Intention* ; Logistic Models ; Nuclear Family ; Papilloma ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Parents* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination*

PURPOSE: The research was done to investigate the effect of a horticultural activities program on loneliness and life satisfaction of women who have a disability. METHODS: Participants were 50 disabled women from a welfare center of G district of G city. Data were collected from August 18 to October 20, 2010. The program was provided for 8 weeks. The tool for life satisfaction was Choi's scale (1986) and loneliness was measured with the UCLA Loneliness Scale developed by Russell and translated by Kim & Kim (1989). Data were analyzed using frequency, t-test, and paired t-test with SPSS/WIN 16.0. RESULTS: As a result of the horticultural activities program, the first hypothesis was supported by significantly decreasing of loneliness in the experimental group than in the control one (t=-3.27, p =.002). The second hypothesis was verified by testing variable which was life satisfaction (t=3.39, p =.001). CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that this kind of program is effective in decreasing loneliness of women with a disability and in improving their life satisfaction. Horticultural activities programs can be unique interventions leading to a satisfactory life for disabled women.
Female ; Humans ; Loneliness*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among nursing students' knowledge, attitudes to advance medical directives and ethics values. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional and descriptive survey, carried out with 232 students from two schools of nursing, one located in B and C city. Student nurses' knowledge, attitudes for advance medical directives and ethics values were measured using structured self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using t-test or one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The scores for knowledge, attitudes for medical advance directives were 7.18 and 3.07, and for ethics values, 3.47. Nursing students' knowledge and attitude showed a significant difference depending on grade. Nursing students' ethics values showed significant differences depending on whether a study on ethics had been completed. A positive correlation was observed between nursing students' knowledge, attitudes for advance medical directives and ethics values. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that basic data for the development of an effective education program on ethics is important in establishing a positive attitude toward advance medical directives and the appropriate ethical values in student nurses.
Advance Directives ; Education ; Ethics ; Humans ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to explore the work experience of nurses who transitioned from the patient nursing department to administrative departments.METHODS: The participants were 11 nurses who had worked in departments of human resources, education and training, medical insurance review, information technology, and quality improvement. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews done between December 2017 and July 2018 and were analyzed in terms of Giorgi's phenomenological methodology. The research question was ‘What kind of experience did you have as you transition to a new role from a nurse to a hospital administrative nurse? What are the challenges in carrying out a new role? How do you overcome obstacles and adjust to being a hospital administrative nurse?’RESULTS: The main essence of the administrative nurses' work adjustment experience is represented by six components; 1) Beginning of a new challenge in conflict, 2) Running into barriers, 3) Struggling to take root, 4) Recognizing changes in the hospital, 5) Gradually adjusting to change, 6) Becoming a proficient hospital administrative nurse.CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, it is essential to create systems that enable administrative nurses to adjust to their work without confusion, and continuously develop programs to enhance their competence.
Education ; Humans ; Insurance ; Mental Competency ; Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Quality Improvement ; Running

No abstract available.
Myocardial Infarction*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to obtain the accurate information on the obesity indices, such as body mass index(BMI), relative weight and waist-hip ratio(WHR) and to investigate their relationship in order to assess the childhood and adolescent obesity more appropriately. METHODS: In May, 1995, a total of 6943(male; 3469, female; 3474) students from primary, middle and high schools in Seoul were selected and each students height, weight, waist and hip circumference data were collected. RESULTS: The BMI increased with age in both sexes. From age 12 to 16, values of BMI 50th percentiles for females exceeded those for males. And the BMI 95th percentiles at the age of 13 to 14 years were higher for females than for males. The prevalence of obesity by relative weight was higher in males than in females(male ; 17.9%, female ; 13.1%). The WHR was higher in males than females in all age group and decreased with age in both sexes, showing more sharp reduction in females. Strong correlations were observed between the BMI and the relative weight, and the BMI and the relative weight correlated closely with WHR. The WHR was significanly higher in obese group' than in non-obese group. In the female obese group aged 6 to 11 years, no significant correlation was found between the relative weight and the WHR. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant relationships between the indices of obesity and body fat distribution. This study suggests that WHR as well as BMI and relative weight might be useful in assessing the childhood and adolescent obesity.
Adolescent* ; Body Fat Distribution ; Body Mass Index* ; Child* ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence ; Seoul* ; Waist-Hip Ratio*