The color change of maxillofacial silicone has been attributed to certain environmental factors such as exposure to the UV component of natural sunlight, wetting and drying of the elastomer, and surface abrasion resulting from the application and removal of cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color change of maxillofacial silicone (Silastic MDX4-4210) according to type of pigment (cadmium yellow, titanium white, cosmetic red), and UV absorber application method after 200, 400, and 600 hours of 350nm UV light irradiation. The results were as follows. 1. According to type of pigments, after 200 hours cosmetic red showed significantly larger color change than cadmium yellow and titanium white, and after 400 and 600 hours color change significantly decreased in the order of cosmetic red, cadmium yellow, and titanium white (p<0.05). 2. In the cadmium yellow group, after 200 hours, the non-treatment group showed significantly larger color change, but after 400 and 600hours, color change significantly decreased in the order of non-treatment, surface application and mixed group (p<0.05). 3. In the titanium white group, there was no significant color change difference between the three groups after 200 and 400 hours, but after 600 hours, the mixed group showed significantly smaller color change than the non-treatment and surface application groups (p<0.05). 4. In the cosmetic red group, there was significant decrease in color change in the order non-treatment, surface application and mixed group (p<0.05). From the results above, the effect of UV light absorber differed according to the type of pigment, but mixing UV light aborber with maxillofacial silicone is thought to give superior resistance against UV light irradiation in the long run.
Cadmium ; Elastomers ; Silicones* ; Sunlight ; Titanium ; Ultraviolet Rays*

No abstract available.
Alcoholics* ; Humans ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease*

No abstract available.
Cholesterol*

The nature of implant-related infections is complex. Currently, there is no definitive test for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and diagnosis remains challenging despite recent developments. Failure to diagnose and investigate pathologies of the hip appropriately results in delayed management and prolonged patient morbidity. A systematic approach to establishing clear diagnostic criteria for PJI is needed to improve our ability to avoid devastating outcomes associated with these infections. In the current review, we describe an algorithmic approach to the diagnosis of PJI and current controversies surrounding novel diagnostic methods.

Joints ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Recurrence ; Skull

A woman aged 45 years was presented with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hypomagnesemia associated with renal potassium and magnesium wasting. Her 24-hour urinary calcium excretion was strikingly low despite normocalcemia and normal creatinine clearance, which is one of characteristic findings of Gitelman's syndrome (GS). She was evaluated for the responses following Mg supplementation for 10 days, which showed marked increments in serum potassium and magnesium as well as improvements of the degree of renal potassium wasting and hypocalciuria. This amelioration of abnormal biochemical pictures in this patient after Mg supplementation proposes that the hypokalemia with renal potassium wasting and hypocalciuria may be caused by abnormal Mg metabolism.
Bartter's Disease/urine ; Bartter's Disease/therapy* ; Bartter's Disease/blood ; Calcium/urine* ; Case Report ; Female ; Food, Fortified ; Human ; Hypokalemia/therapy* ; Magnesium/blood* ; Middle Age ; Syndrome

No abstract available.
Myocardial Infarction*

PURPOSE: Metabolic bone diseases have been major problems in children with renal diseases and steroid treatment is the main precipitating factor reducing bone mineral density(BMD). This study was performed to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and to evaluate the clinical factors associated with decreased BMD in children with renal diseases. METHODS: Forty-four children with renal diseases who were diagnosed at the pediatric nephrology division of Ajou University hospital since Oct. 1994 were included. Using a new quantitative ultrasound device, BMD and the prevalence of osteoporosis were evaluated. The clinical and serological data were analyzed in association with decreased BMD. RESULTS: A total of 44 patients were evaluated. The age at initial diagnosis was 6.7+/-4.2 years. At the time of evaluation, the chronological and bone age was 9.3+/-4.2 years and 8.2+/-4.6 years, respectively. The renal diseases included nephrotic syndrome 24(54.5%), Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis 7(15.9%), IgA nephropathy 6(13.9%), reflux nephropathy(RN) 2 (4.5%), and other renal disease 5(%). The prevalence of osteoporosis was 11%. There was no difference in the clinical factors between the long-term and the short-term treated steroid groups. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 12% in 44 children with renal diseases. No significant factor was found in association with decreased BMD and there was no relationship between osteoporosis and steroid usage duration or cumulative dose. A new quantitative ultrasound, which is relatively easy to perform, especially in children, is expected to be in common use and will enable clinicians to evaluate metabolic bone disorders with ease.
Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Equidae* ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Humans ; Nephritis ; Nephrology ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Osteoporosis ; Precipitating Factors ; Prevalence ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND: The risk of bleeding during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a potential deterrent in performing tracheostomy at many centers. To evaluate the safety of surgical tracheostomy (ST) in critically ill patients supported by ECMO, we reviewed the clinical correlation between preoperative coagulation status and bleeding complication-related ST during ECMO. METHODS: From April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2016, ST was performed on 38 patients supported by ECMO. We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records including complications related to ST. RESULTS: Heparin was administered to 23 patients (60.5%) for anticoagulation during ECMO, but 15 patients (39.5%) underwent ECMO without anticoagulation. Of the 23 patients administered anticoagulation therapy, heparin infusion was briefly paused in 13 prior to ST. The median platelet count, international normalized ratio, and activated partial thromboplastin time before ST were 126 ×109/L (range, 46 to 434 ×109/L), 1.2 (range, 1 to 2.3) and 62 seconds (27 to 114.2 seconds), respectively. No peri-procedural clotting complications related to ECMO were observed. Two patients (5.3%) suffering from ST-related major bleeding required surgical hemostasis. Minor bleeding after ST occurred in two cases (5.3%). No significant difference was found according to anticoagulation management (P = 0.723). No fatality was attributable to ST. CONCLUSIONS: The complication rates of ST in the patients supported by ECMO were low. Therefore, ST performed by an experienced operator, and with careful optimization of coagulation status, is a relatively safe procedure; the use of ST with ECMO should thus not be dismissed on account of the potential for bleeding caused by the administration of anticoagulants.
Anticoagulants ; Critical Illness ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis, Surgical ; Heparin ; Humans ; International Normalized Ratio ; Medical Records ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Platelet Count ; Retrospective Studies ; Tracheostomy*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediating role of psychological capital (PCP) in the relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention in nurses. METHODS: Data were collected from a sample of 447 nurses working at four Veterans Administration Hospitals throughout South Korea from July 1 to July 31, 2014. We collected data from the nurses using the following surveys: the Short Form Korean-Occupational Stress Scale, the Korean version of the Turnover Intention Scale, and the Korean version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the mediating role of PCP. RESULTS: The level of occupational stress was 1.81 ± 0.23, the level of turnover intention was 3.29 ± 0.86, and the PCP level was 3.95 ± 0.52. There were significant correlations among the three variables (occupational stress, turnover intention, and PCP). PCP played a partial mediating role (β=−0.22, p = .008) in the relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention (p < .001) among nurses working at the Veterans Administration Hospitals. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that South Korean hospitals offer occupational stress management programs that incorporate relevant programs in efforts to strengthen the overall components of PCP among nurses to reduce turnover intentions. Further studies are required to determine the most effective intervention programs for hospital settings.
Humans ; Intention* ; Korea* ; Linear Models ; Negotiating* ; Nursing Care ; Personnel Turnover ; United States Department of Veterans Affairs* ; Veterans*